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BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 1;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Otolaryngology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. It has features similar to other granulomatous and infectious diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which can make diagnosis challenging and delayed. We present a case of 38-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital on three occasions over a 3-month period for right periorbital erythema, nasal congestion and discharge. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 24;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Otolaryngology/ Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Republic of Ireland.

Nasal-type Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma (NKTL) is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, typically arising in the nasopharynx and displaying an aggressive and ultimately fatal clinical course. The disease is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection and is endemic to Asia and South America, but extremely few cases have been reported in Europe. We present two cases of nasal NKTL unexpectedly diagnosed in elderly patients, following very different presentations to our otolaryngology service. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2021 Mar 15;15(1):120-129. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA, 91365, USA.

Fibroinflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract are one of the most common head and neck lesions submitted to surgical pathology. When the fibroinflammatory pattern represents the lesion (i.e. Read More

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021 05 8;60(20):11158-11162. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.

The folding and export of proteins and hydrolysis of unfolded proteins are disbalanced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cancer cells, leading to so-called ER stress. Agents further augmenting this effect are used as anticancer drugs including clinically approved proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. However, these drugs can affect normal cells, which also rely strongly on ER functions, leading, for example, to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 01 29;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto, Portugal.

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020 May-Aug;24(2):322-326. Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Lymphomas are solid tumors of the immune system and include 14% of all head and neck malignancies. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders originating in B-, T-, or natural killer T-cells. They have a wide range of histological appearances and clinical features at presentation, which can make diagnosis difficult. Read More

Theranostics 2021 1;11(2):925-940. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.

Asparaginase (ASP) is the cornerstone drug in the treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), and the mechanisms of resistance to ASP remain largely unknown. Long non-coding RNAs play important roles in chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the expression of BCYRN1 and its role in ENKTCL still remain unidentified. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 Jan 26;21(1):91. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania.

Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas represent a rare type of lymphoid malignancy with mostly extranodal involvement, having NK cell or (rare) T cell lineage, classified by the World Health Organization into several subtypes which can involve the head and neck region, with the most frequent one being the nasal type. This article presents the case of a 31-year-old patient who presented at the Emergency Unit of Saint Andrew Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati suffering from mycosis fungoides-like cutaneous lesions, associated with partial left eyelid ptosis of unknown etiology, as well as a poor health status with fever and respiratory failure. The final diagnosis was NK/T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly nasal type with medium sized T cells. Read More

Leuk Lymphoma 2021 03 15;62(3):727-730. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021 Feb 5;18(2):187-203. Epub 2020 Oct 5.

Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Introduction: Platinum chemotherapy is widely used in first-line treatment of patients with various cancers. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown efficacy in several cancers, and the combination of platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has gradually become the focus of attention. Recently, the combination therapy has exhibited significant effects in preclinical models and clinical trials. Read More

Ann Hematol 2021 Apr 29;100(4):1101-1104. Epub 2020 Aug 29.

Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.

Case Rep Hematol 2020 23;2020:8845546. Epub 2020 Jul 23.

Integrated Oncology, 5005 S 40th St, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA.

Extramedullary plasmacytomas (ESPs) are rare forms of plasma cell dyscrasias and usually are seen in the upper aerodigestive tract. ESPs with anaplastic features are extremely rare, and no treatment guidelines exist. We present a 75-year-old gentleman presented with left nasal blockage, and on examination, a polypoid left nasal mass was seen. Read More

Cancer Treat Rev 2020 Sep 2;89:102065. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.

To date, much progress has been made in early-stage extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), and risk-adapted therapy with radiotherapy (RT) alone for the low-risk group and RT combined with asparaginase-based chemotherapy (CT) for the high-risk group yields favorable outcomes. However, optimal treatment strategies have not been defined yet for advanced-stage ENKTCL. Historically, ENKTCL responded poorly to conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy probably because of inherent multidrug resistance (MDR). Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece.

T-cell lymphomas are infrequently encountered in the head and neck area, with the most common subtype being Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT). ENKTL-NT shows a predilection for midline facial structures presenting with ulcerative destructive lesions, whereas palatal involvement is one of the most prominent signs from the oral cavity. Herein, we describe a case of a 76-year-old Greek man with nasal obstruction and an extensive painful necrotic ulcer with ragged borders on the left distal portion of the soft palate and palatine tonsil of 4-months duration. Read More

Neuroradiology 2020 Sep 19;62(9):1149-1155. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.

Purpose: To evaluate whether imaging features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphomas (ENKTL) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods: Consecutively, pathology-proven 59 patients with ENKTL and 27 patients with DLBCL in the sinonasal region were included in this study. Imaging features included tumor side, location, margin, pre-contrast T1 and T2 signal intensity and homogeneity, post-contrast enhancement degree and homogeneity, septal enhancement pattern, internal necrosis, mass effect, and adjacent involvements. Read More

Transl Oncol 2020 May 13;13(5):100770. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China. Electronic address:

Extranodal nasal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a rare but highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Nevertheless, despite extensive research, the estimated 5-year overall survival of affected patients remains low. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed urgently. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2020 07 19;360(1):77. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.

Yonago Acta Med 2020 Feb 20;63(1):88-91. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-1122.

We present the case of a 58-year-old Japanese woman with a natural killer T (NK/T)-cell lymphoma complicated by brain abscess. NK/T-cell lymphomas represent a rare type of lymphoma derived from either activated NK cells or, rarely, cytotoxic T cells. They are aggressive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphomas that involve mainly the nasal cavity. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020 Jan;34(1):73-78

Department of Otolaryngology，the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

The Clinicopathological characteristics and the reason of misdiagnosis about nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma in head and neck（ENKTL） are analysised to raise awareness and reduce misdiagnosis. One hundred and twenty patients with ENKTL, diagnosed pathologically in head and neck from May 2010 to April 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were divided into misdiagnosed group and non-misdiagnosed group according to whether there were misdiagnosis and mistreatment before diagnosis. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Dec;54(12):949-953

Liaocheng People's Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaocheng 252000, China.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a relatively rare group of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The disease has rapid clinical progress, high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Traditional chemoradiotherapy regimens have not shown good efficacy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Nov 28;12(11). Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães, Guimaraes, Braga, Portugal.

Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a rare and aggressive tumour that can, clinically and histologically, mimic infectious and inflammatory conditions, presenting a diagnostic challenge. The authors report the case of a 69-year-old Portuguese woman previously misdiagnosed with chronic recurrent sinusitis. Despite maximal medical and surgical treatments, the disease was refractory and progressed. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Oct 3;8(10). Epub 2019 Oct 3.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.

Nasopharyngeal (NP) lymphoma is a rare primary malignancy of the head and neck and represents a minority of malignancies originating from the nasopharynx. For this reason, there are limited data regarding epidemiologic and treatment outcomes. This is a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with NP lymphoma from 1995 to 2017 at a tertiary medical center. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Oct;33(10):990-992

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery，the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University，Hengyang，421001，China.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of LOP（asparaginase + vincristine + dexamethasone） chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. Sixty patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to February 2016 were selected as the study subject. They were randomly divided into group A and group B, 30 cases in each group. Read More

Gulf J Oncolog 2019 Sep;1(31):83-89

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Background: Natural Killer/T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas are rare and aggressive disease of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by angioinvasion, angiodestruction and necrosis. It has a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the lymphoma cells are almost invariably infected with the clonal episomal form of EBV. Because of their rarity, it is a challenge to diagnose and treat them even to the experienced pathologists. Read More

Eur Radiol 2020 Jan 1;30(1):110-118. Epub 2019 Aug 1.

Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China.

Objectives: To explore the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE-DWI) in the differentiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and nasopharyngeal lymphoma (NPL).

Methods: Sixty-two patients with NPC and 39 patients with NPL who underwent DCE-MRI and RESOLVE-DWI examinations were evaluated. The time signal-intensity curve (TIC) types, time to peak (TTP), enhancement peak (EP), maximum contrast enhancement ratio (MCER), washout ratio (WR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative ADC (rADC) values were calculated. Read More

Front Pediatr 2019 16;7:141. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NNKTL) has very unique epidemiological, etiologic, histologic, and clinical characteristics. It is commonly observed in Eastern Asia, but quite rare in the United States and Europe. The progressive necrotic lesions mainly in the nasal cavity, poor prognosis caused by rapid local progression with distant metastases, and angiocentric and polymorphous lymphoreticular infiltrates are the main clinical and histologic features. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2019 Jun;132(11):1305-1313

Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.

Background: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, is an aggressive entity within the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. The International Prognostic Index is reported to be prognostically meaningful for ENKTL, but lacks discriminatory power for stage I/II ENKTL with extensive local invasion. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of local invasion by site and tissue type in patients with ENKTL. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2019 Dec 21;13(4):624-634. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello, Guatemala City, Guatemala.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL-NT) is a lymphoid malignancy that mainly affects the nasopharynx and is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Increased incidence is seen in some Latin American and Asian countries. In this study, we describe a case series of 86 Guatemalan patients with ENKTCL-NT from a single diagnostic head and neck center. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 9;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 9.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Extranodal natural killer (NK-)/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is a rare disease that often mimics rheumatological and infectious conditions and can therefore be difficult to diagnose. The authors present a case of a 55-year-old Vietnamese woman who was misdiagnosed with severe atrophic rhinitis and chronic sinus osteitis. Over a period of 8 months from initial referral, she underwent multiple biopsies and was treated with various antimicrobial regimens until the histopathological diagnosis of ENKL was finally made. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Feb;33(2):132-137

The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin(P-Gemox) chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE of Extranodal nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTL) patients. P-Gemox chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was used to analyze its clinical value and the factors affecting the prognosis in the treatment of 43 newly diagnosed ENKTL patients. In addition, toxicity related to chemotherapy was assessed. Read More