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PLoS One 2020 4;15(6):e0233990. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Public Health Laboratory (GGD) Amsterdam, Department of infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Objectives: Typing of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is traditionally performed by characterising the ompA gene, resulting in more than a dozen different genovars, A to L. Type L is associated with Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and commonly screened for using PCR, targeting the chromosomal pmpH gene. We aimed to develop and validate a new CT/LGV plasmid-based typing assay targeting the pgp3 gene, to increase sensitivity and thus reduce the number of non-typeable results. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2020 Apr 17. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Univ. Bordeaux, USC EA3671, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, Bordeaux, France.

Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in anorectal -positive French men who have sex with men (MSM) using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV. Here, we describe the clinical, biological and behavioural characteristics of these patients.

Methods: Laboratories throughout French metropolitan areas performing routine testing for sent positive anorectal specimens to the National Reference Centre for bacterial STIs for LGV real-time PCR targeting the H gene. Read More

Euro Surveill 2020 Apr;25(14)

Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

IntroductionLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), an invasive form of infection, has been reported among (mainly HIV-positive) men who have sex with men (MSM) since 2003. In the Netherlands, LGV testing recommendations changed from selective to universal testing in 2015. Changes in tested populations could have led to incomparable LGV positivity rates over time. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2020 03;47(3):162-164

From the Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y MicrobiologÍa (UCEIM), Valme University Hospital.

Background: The early identification of the Chlamydia trachomatis variants that cause lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is very important to establish an adequate antibiotic treatment. This identification should be made with molecular techniques that are easy to perform and accessible to most microbiology laboratories. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay (VIASURE Haemophilus ducreyi + C. Read More

Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019 11 19;21(11):63. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Recent studies regarding the frequency of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis (ReA) are reviewed, with a focus on the question of whether the entity is in fact disappearing or whether it is simply being underdiagnosed/underreported. Epidemiological reports indicate diversity in the frequency of Chlamydia-associated ReA in various parts of the world, with evidence of declining incidence in some regions.

Recent Findings: The hypothesis that early effective treatment with antibiotics prevents the manifestation of Chlamydia-associated ReA requires further investigation. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2019 Nov 18;43. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Communicable Diseases Branch, Health Protection NSW, NSW Health, North Sydney, New South Wales.

Aim: To describe the epidemiology of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in New South Wales (NSW) from 2006 to 2015.

Methods: LGV notification data between 2006 and 2015 from New South Wales were analysed to describe time trends in counts and rates by gender, age group and area of residence, as well as anatomical sites of infection. A positivity ratio was calculated using the number of LGV notifications per 100 anorectal chlamydia notifications per year. Read More

Microb Genom 2019 11;5(11)

Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal.

is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide and the causative agent of trachoma. Its strains are classified according to their genotypes, which are strongly linked to differential tissue tropism and disease outcomes [ocular disease, urogenital disease and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)]. While the genome-based species phylogenetic tree presents four main clades correlating with tropism/prevalence, namely ocular, LGV, urogenital T1 (more prevalent genotypes) and urogenital T2 (less prevalent genotypes), inter-clade exchange of is considered a rare phenomenon probably mediating marked tropism alterations. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2019 10;46(10):689-692

From the Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by invasive serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. There have been only a few case reports of oropharyngeal C. trachomatis infection complicated with cervical LGV. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Oct 26;33(10):1821-1828. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

New or important issues in this updated version of the 2013 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV): EPIDEMIOLOGY: Lymphogranuloma venereum continues to be endemic among European men who have sex with men (MSM) since 2003. Lymphogranuloma venereum infections in heterosexuals are extremely rare in Europe, and there is no evidence of transmission of LGV in the European heterosexual population.

Aetiology And Transmission: Chlamydia trachomatis serovars/genovars L2b and L2 are the causative strains in the majority of cases in Europe. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2020 03 23;96(2):137-142. Epub 2019 Jun 23.

National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK.

Objectives: Understanding the public health impact of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Europe is hampered by inadequate diagnostics and surveillance systems in many European countries. We developed and piloted LGV surveillance in three European countries without existing systems and performed a preliminary investigation of LGV epidemiology, where little evidence currently exists.

Methods: We recruited STI or dermatovenereology clinics and associated laboratories serving men who have sex with men (MSM) in Austria, Croatia and Slovenia, using the UK for comparison. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Mar;17(3):287-315

WIR "Walk In Ruhr", competence network HIV/AIDS, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.

Worldwide, the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has shown a significant increase in recent years. In Germany, this circumstance is reflected by a rise in the number of reported syphilis cases. There has also been an uptick in the incidence of non-notifiable STIs such as gonorrhea and infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Mar;17(3):287-317

WIR "Walk In Ruhr", Kompetenznetz HIV/AIDS, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.

Bakterielle sexuell übertragbare Infektionen (STI) zeigen seit Jahren weltweit eine deutliche Zunahme. In Deutschland wird diese Tatsache durch steigende Meldezahlen für Syphilis bestätigt. Auch für die nicht meldepflichtigen STI Gonorrhoe, Chlamydia-trachomatis- und Mycoplasma-genitalium-Infektionen wird eine zunehmende Inzidenz beobachtet. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2018 Dec 13;13(6):1119-1122. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 8007, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Lymphogranuloma venereum is a sexually transmitted infection caused by serotypes L1-3 of and may present as hemorrhagic proctocolitis. The diagnosis of an active infection is difficult to establish, as confirmatory testing can be unreliable or unavailable. Imaging findings can be nonspecific and mimic malignancy or other chronic infectious and inflammatory disorders. Read More

Euro Surveill 2019 Jan;24(5)

Santé publique France (the French national public health agency), Saint-Maurice, France.

Diagnoses of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) have been increasing in France since their resurgence in the late 1990s. This article presents recent epidemiological trends until 2016 and the patients' characteristics. STI surveillance relies on sentinel networks: a clinician-based network RésIST (clinical, biological and behavioural data for early syphilis and gonorrhoea), the lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) network (clinical, biological and behavioural data for rectal LGV, and the laboratory networks Rénachla and Rénago (demographic and biological data for chlamydial infections and gonorrhoea, respectively). Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 20;18(1):689. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.

Background: The number of cases of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is increasing in Europe. The described epidemic is mostly confined to HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM). However, dissemination of LGV from HIV positive to HIV negative MSM could take place due to the implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and subsequent possible decrease in condom use. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2019 05 15;95(3):169-170. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Oropharyngeal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an uncommon presentation and mainly consists of either asymptomatic infections or enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. According to cross-sectional studies, the prevalence of pharyngeal LGV among men who have sex with men (MSM) seems to be very low. Tissue tropism could explain the difference between rectal and oral mucosa infection frequencies. Read More

Curr Opin Infect Dis 2019 02;32(1):43-50

Department of Infectious Diseases, STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam.

Purpose Of Review: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a serious sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. If left untreated LGV can cause irreversible late sequelae. LGV is endemic among a high-risk population of men who have sex with men (MSM), and largely reported in Western metropoles. Read More

Euro Surveill 2018 10;23(43)

Genitourinary Clinic, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.

From 1 January to 30 June 2018, 11 cases of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV; all preserved samples (n = 4) genovar L2b) were identified at the Genitourinary Clinic (GUC), Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta. All cases were diagnosed in men who have sex with men (MSM); six participated in three group-sex parties. Here, we describe the outbreak and risk factors associated with LGV diagnoses in MSM in Malta in 2018. Read More

Hautarzt 2018 Nov;69(11):945-959

Department of Dermatology, Preah Kossamak-Hospital, BP 1006, Phnom Penh, Kambodscha.

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are common all over the world and the incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis alone is estimated at 500 million/year. Of these infections 75% occur in tropical countries in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and South as well as Southeast Asia. The bacterial infections chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and granuloma inguinale (GI, Donovanosis) are termed tropical STI. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2019 02;46(2):e14-e17

Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY.

Using Chlamydia trachomatis anorectal specimens routinely tested for lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (2008-2011) and samples of archived specimens tested for LGV (2012-2015), we observed increased LGV positivity among men who have sex with men attending NYC Sexual Health Clinics. Using clinical data, we determined predictors of anorectal LGV that may guide clinical management. Read More

Med Clin (Barc) 2018 11 27;151(10):412-417. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Unidad de Vigilancia del VIH/Sida y Comportamientos de Riesgo, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) was an unusual disease in Europe until 2003, when several outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) emerged. Since 2015, LGV has been included notifiable disease in Spain. Our aim is to review LGV cases published in Spain from 2005 to 2015. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 Oct 17;75:34-38. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objective: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), mainly lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), induce colorectal symptoms that may be misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study describes patients who presented with STDs masquerading as IBD in order to improve understanding of missed diagnosis of colorectal STDs and their association with LGV in Israel.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study characterized the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological findings of 16 patients who were diagnosed with a colorectal STD after erroneously being diagnosed with IBD. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Aug 14;4(7):619-621. Epub 2018 Jul 14.

The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Int J STD AIDS 2018 10 4;29(12):1215-1224. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

4 Santé Publique France (the French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France.

The objective of this article is to describe the epidemiology of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-LGV Chlamydia trachomatis anorectal infections in France and to examine the characteristics of the affected populations via a voluntary sentinel surveillance system for LGV between 2010 and 2015. Anorectal samples positive for C. trachomatis (CT) were sent by the participating laboratories to the National Reference Center for CT for LGV identification. Read More

IDCases 2018 27;12:80-83. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Division of Infectious Disease, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.

We report the occurrence of two severe illnesses experienced by one patient over a 19 year period of time. Both illnesses were characterized by severe inflammation and tissue destruction. Signs and symptoms of the first illness were characteristic of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2018;78(3):207-210

Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

From 2003 to date there has been a rising number of reports from developed countries on cases of lymphogranuloma venereum with anorectal localization in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. This localization differs from the classical inguinal abscesses which are typical of the disease in the tropics. The objective of this work is to document the presence of anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum in Buenos Aires and to describe its varied clinical manifestations. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2018 May;180(20)

This is a case report of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) manifesting as haemorrhagic proctocolitis in a homosexual HIV-positive male. The primary symptom was a rectal abscess, which was initially surgically treated and subsequently insufficiently treated with single-dose tablet azithromycin. The patient's symptoms were successfully treated after a 21-day doxycycline regime. Read More

Can Commun Dis Rep 2018 Feb 1;44(2):55-61. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.

Background: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by genotypes L, L and L. This LGV is associated with significant morbidity and increased risk of HIV transmission. While fewer than two cases per year were reported in Quebec before 2005, LGV emerged in 2005-2006 with 69 cases, followed by a period of low incidence (2007-2012), and subsequent re-emergence since 2013. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2018 11 11;29(11):1133-1135. Epub 2018 May 11.

GU Department, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by L1, L2 and L3 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. The anorectal syndrome caused by LGV is often misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease and may rarely lead to stricture formation. Recurrent stricture formation, despite adequate LGV treatment, has not to our knowledge, previously been reported. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2018 Jun;110(6):410

Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario, Ciudad Real.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a condition caused by invasive serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. The classical inguinal presentation that is characterized by the development of transient genital ulcer(s) and inguinal or femoral lymphadenopathy has decreased in our environment. At present, infection by this bacterium has emerged as an important cause of proctitis and proctocolitis in men who have sex with other men. Read More

Med Clin (Barc) 2019 02 19;152(3):98-101. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. Electronic address:

Introduction And Objective: Sexually transmitted infections of the rectum and anus (STI-RA) mainly affect men who have sex with men (MSM). The incidence of STI-RA among them has increased in recent years.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study in patients with diagnoses of STI-RA in an STI unit during the years 2014 and 2015. Read More

Przegl Epidemiol 2018;72(1):45-51

WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, National Reference Laboratory for STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ӧrebro University, Ӧrebro,Sweden

We describe the first case of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Poland, with inguino-femoral lymphadenopathy, diagnosed and successfully treated according to the 2013 European LGV guideline. Chlamydia trachomatis genovar L2b, mainly responsible for the ongoing LGV epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western European countries, was confirmed. The case also verified that co-infections with other sexually transmitted infections (syphilis and hepatitis C virus) are frequent in MSM LGV patients, as well as the very large difficulties with contact tracing for these patients. Read More

Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2017 Jul-Sep;80(3):385-387

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Clinical Sciences.

Objective of this study was to describe the patient characteristics and clinical presentation of laboratory confirmed lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) cases, diagnosed at the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium. Demographic and biomedical characteristics of all patients with chlamydia-positive sample results were retrieved for the years 2013 and 2014. Samples were obtained from both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who consulted at the HIV/STI clinic. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2018 04;24(4):806-808

We report an HIV-infected person who was treated for lymphogranuloma venereum cervical lymphadenopathy and proctitis in Croatia in 2014. Infection with a variant L2b genovar of Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in a cervical lymph node aspirate. A prolonged course of doxycycline was required to cure the infection. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2018 Mar;180(11)

This is a case report of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) manifesting as haemorrhagic proctocolitis in a homosexual HIV-positive male. The primary symptom was a rectal abscess, which was initially surgically treated and subsequently insufficiently treated with single-dose tablet azithromycin. The patient's symptoms were successfully treated after a 21-day doxycycline regime. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2018 06;45(6):406-408

Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has reestablished itself as an endemic sexually transmitted infection in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe and North America over the last decade. Current guidelines suggest treatment with 21 days of doxycycline; however, the evidence base for LGV treatment including its duration is very limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review in 2 central London genitourinary medicine clinics of men who have sex with men (MSM) with LGV in whom less than 21 days of doxycycline was used initially. Read More

mBio 2018 01 30;9(1). Epub 2018 Jan 30.

National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease. isolates are classified into 2 biovars-lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and trachoma-which are distinguished biologically by their natural host cell infection tropism. LGV biovars infect macrophages and are invasive, whereas trachoma biovars infect oculo-urogenital epithelial cells and are noninvasive. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2018 12 29;94(8):578-581. Epub 2018 Jan 29.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Objectives: Recent outbreaks of anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been characterised by proctocolitis requiring extended antibiotic treatment compared with infections caused by other serovars of (CT). We describe the prevalence and clinical features of LGV among Nigerian MSM diagnosed with anorectal CT.

Methods: MSM were recruited for this observational cohort in Lagos, Nigeria, using respondent-driven sampling and screened for HIV and bacterial STIs every three months for up to 18 months. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2018 07 19;29(8):828-830. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

1 Clinique médicale l'Actuel, Montréal, Canada.

Since 2003, there has been a resurgence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), a variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), among men who have sex with men (MSM) in several urban areas of Europe and North America. LGV infection occurs most often at anal sites causing proctitis. Urethral and oropharyngeal infections are rare. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2018 01;45(1):61-68

From the *Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care; †Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; ‡US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zimbabwe and Division of Global HIV/AIDS, CDC, Atlanta, GA; §Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; ¶Zimbabwe Community Health Intervention Research (ZiCHIRe) Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; ∥Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Parramatta; **Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity & Sydney Medical School-Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ††School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ‡‡Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO; §§Rietmeijer Consulting LLC, Denver, CO.

Background: In many countries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are treated syndromically. Thus, patients diagnosed as having genital ulcer disease (GUD) in Zimbabwe receive a combination of antimicrobials to treat syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and genital herpes. Periodic studies are necessary to assess the current etiology of GUD and assure the appropriateness of current treatment guidelines. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2017 Nov 12;66(11):1684-1687. Epub 2017 Oct 12.

Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

This study aimed to determine the incidence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Sweden since 2004 and to study in detail a consecutive number of Chlamydia trachomatis cases in men who have sex with men (MSM) during a 10 month period (September 2014 to July 2015). LGV increased from sporadic import cases in 2004 to comprise a spread within Sweden in 2016. Initially, only the L2b ompA genotype was detected, but in 2015 half of the genotyped LGV cases were L2 genotype. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2017 11;44(11):691-694

From the Division of STD Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA.

In September 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were notified of a suspected outbreak investigation of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) cases by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offered support with a laboratory-developed polymerase chain reaction test for LGV. This note describes the laboratory workflow and procedures used for the laboratory confirmation of LGV infection. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2017 09;93(6):395

Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Sex Transm Dis 2017 09;44(9):551-556

From the *Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; †Libra Management Group, ‡Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; §The DESA group, Columbia, SC; and ¶Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

Background: Sustained genital tract inflammation caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is known to increase risk of vaginal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections but, to our knowledge, there are no nonhuman primate studies that have evaluated its link to rectal HIV acquisition.

Methods: Rhesus macaques inoculated with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (serovars LGV-L2 and CT-E; n = 7) or saline (n = 7) received up to 20 rectal challenges twice a week of simian/HIV immunodeficiency virus (SHIVSF162p3). SHIV viremia was determined by real-time PCR and Chlamydia infection by APTIMA Combo 2 testing. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2017 09;44(9):547-550

From the *Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; †Public Health Service of Amsterdam, STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases; ‡Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam; and §Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

In contrast to anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), few urogenital LGV cases are reported in men who have sex with men. Lymphogranuloma venereum was diagnosed in 0.06% (7/12,174) urine samples, and 0. Read More