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Ann Diagn Pathol 2021 Apr 19;53:151744. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America. Electronic address:

Objectives: Assess the pathologic changes in the lungs of COVID-19 decedents and correlate these changes with demographic data, clinical course, therapies, and duration of illness.

Methods: Lungs of 12 consecutive COVID-19 decedents consented for autopsy were evaluated for gross and histopathologic abnormalities. A complete Ghon "en block" dissection was performed on all cases; lung weights and gross characteristics recorded. Read More

Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2021 Apr 25;3(2):e200418. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras (J.A.R.); Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiopulmonary Imaging, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12401 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 (T.J.B., D.V.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (D.B.G.); and Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo (L.P.B.).

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), which are humoral, combined, and innate defects of the immune system, are relatively uncommon and may go undiagnosed in patients experiencing recurrent infections, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. PIDs are clinically characterized by a broad spectrum of disorders, including repeated infections, autoimmune disorders, lymphoproliferative diseases, congenital anomalies, and increased risk of malignancy. Cardiothoracic imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of PIDs owing to the high rates of repeated respiratory infections leading to bronchiectasis and other forms of chronic lung disease. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 20;9:651487. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Neonatology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and immunologic mechanism are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia (MPP). However, the role of immune system of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to infections remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunologic features of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to . Read More

Respir Med 2021 Jun 20;182:106405. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

María Ferrer Hospital, Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

Introduction/objectives: To define the performance of Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy (MSGB) and Dry Eye Tests (DET) to detect occult Sjögren Syndrome (SS) among Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF) patients.

Methods: Prospective study. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) patients without defined Connective Tissue Disease and one or more IPAF classification domains or xerophthalmia were included. Read More

Virol J 2021 Apr 21;18(1):84. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 935 Alternating Current Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650118, Yunna, China.

Background: Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the neurotropic pathogen that has been associated with severe neurological forms of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), but its pathogenesis is not yet clear. The limited host range of CA16 make the establishment of a suitable animal model that can recapitulate the neurological pathology observed in human HFMD more difficult. Because the human scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (hSCARB2) is a cellular receptor for CA16, we used transgenic mice bearing human SCARB2 and nasally infected them with CA16 to study the pathogenicity of the virus. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021 Mar;53(2):266-272

Department of Rheumatology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, radiologic scores and clinically relevant risk factors prognosis of secondary interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: In this study, 60 SLE patients in Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College and Taizhou First People's Hospital from January 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All of those 60 patients with SLE underwent lung high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) examination. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.

Feline Morbillivirus (FeMV) was first detected in 2012 in domestic cats from Hong Kong and was found to be associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis and chronic kidney disease. In subsequent studies in other countries, FeMV was detected in asymptomatic cats. However, it is not clear if FeMV plays a role as a pathogen in the kidney diseases of cats, and other epidemiological data are still unknown. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 23;12:620709. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Background: Diagnostic delay in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is considerable. There is no generally accepted symptom-recognition framework for its early detection.

Objective: To systematically review all existing data on the clinical presentation of CVID. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(14):e25310

Departments of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

Abstract: To investigate the relationship between damaged lung assessed by chest computed tomography (CT) scan and laboratory biochemical parameters with the aim of finding other diagnostic tools.Patients who underwent chest CT for suspected Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia at the emergency department admission in the first phase of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with both negative chest CT and absence of the novel coronavirus in nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swabs were excluded from the study. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Apr 8;15(1):153. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Corporation JR Hiroshima Hospital, 3-1-36, Futabano-sato, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0057, Japan.

Background: Although drug-induced interstitial pneumonia is a well-known adverse side-effect of cancer chemotherapy, the disease is difficult to detect in the early phase. We report a case of oxaliplatin-induced interstitial pneumonia in which eosinophilia and high-grade fever with relative bradycardia were useful presenting signs for the early diagnosis.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old Japanese woman with postoperative recurrent rectal cancer (peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis) was admitted to our hospital because of productive cough and consolidation on thoracic computed tomography (CT) images. Read More

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Apr 3. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.

A 65-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography detected bilateral pneumonia with a lung nodule suspicious for lung cancer. Lobectomy was performed 3 months after the treatment for COVID-19 without any complications. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Mar 2;13(5). Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, 25124 Brescia, Italy.

Interstitial lung disease is recognized as a group of diseases with a different etiopathogenesis characterized by chronic lung inflammation with the accumulation of inflammatory cells, lymphocytes and macrophages, and the consequent release of proinflammatory cytokines. Various degrees of pulmonary fibrosis can be associated with this inflammatory condition. Interstitial lung disease related to oncological drugs is a relevant problem in clinical practice. Read More

Case Rep Rheumatol 2021 15;2021:6681590. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA.

Background: Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized primarily by decreased exocrine gland function leading to eye and mouth dryness. Extraglandular manifestations occur less frequently. . Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2021 ;1303:193-207

Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune connective tissue disease targeting the exocrine glands and frequently affecting the respiratory system. The pulmonary disease is the most important extra-glandular manifestation as it carries most of the morbidity and mortality. Typically, it affects the small airways ranging from mild to severe respiratory symptoms. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 10;12:627423. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Diseases (GLILD) is a severe non-infectious complication of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), often associated with extrapulmonary involvement. Due to a poorly understood pathogenesis, GLILD diagnosis and management criteria still lack consensus. Accordingly, it is a relevant cause of long-term loss of respiratory function and is closely associated with a markedly reduced survival. Read More

Clin Radiol 2021 Mar 16. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Pulmonology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Pulmonary cysts are thin-walled radiolucent lesions that may appear in a variety of uncommon disorders known as diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLD) that essentially includes lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), and Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS). Moreover, they have been reported in several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this review is to provide a practical approach for evaluating lung cysts when encountered on CT. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e25054

Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract: Waterproofing spray-associated pneumonitis (WAP) proceeds to acute respiratory failure and is characterized by diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities on computed tomography; however, the detailed characteristics of WAP are unknown. Therefore, this study identified the characteristics of WAP from comparisons with those of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), which show similar features to WAP.Adult patients with WAP, AEP, and HP treated in Fukujuji Hospital from 1990 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Objective: The primary immunodeficiency syndromes of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) haploinsufficiency and lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency present with multisystem immune dysregulation. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the pulmonary manifestations of these two diseases.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the pulmonary clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic characteristics of six patients with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency and four patients with LRBA deficiency with pulmonary involvement followed at a large tertiary care center. Read More

Arerugi 2021 ;70(2):127-131

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.

A 52-year-old woman presented to a clinic in late August with exacerbated fatigue and dyspnea on exertion for several months. Then, she was referred and admitted to our hospital in late September. Her chest CT showed bilateral diffuse centrilobular micronodules. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 Mar;50(3):222-228

Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

To analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) cases that were diagnosed by excisional lung biopsy, to improve the diagnosis accuracy of HP. The data of 47 HP cases diagnosed by excisional lung biopsy during the last 20 years were collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, from January 2000 to June 2020. The clinicopathological features and the immunohistochemical profiles of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 were analyzed using light microscopy and immunohistochemical stains. Read More

Adv Respir Med 2021 ;89(1):72-74

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Loewenstein Lung Center, Germany.

A COVID-19 diagnosis is usually based on PCR detection of viral RNA in airway specimens in a patient with typical clinical fea-tures. Histological features of the COVID-19 lung disease are reported from autopsies. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) is an evolving technique usually performed in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 03 2;12(1):1386. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, 411021, Maharashtra, India.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that poses a great challenge to the public health system of affected countries. Safe and effective vaccines are needed to overcome this crisis. Here, we develop and assess the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rhesus macaques. Read More

Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021 May-Jun;24(3):227-234. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Department of Pediatric Immunology, University of Florida.

Introduction And Aim: Multiorgan autoimmunity and interstitial lung disease (ILD) are reported in patients with STAT3 GOF syndrome.

Results: We present lung histopathology findings in 3 such children, two of whom underwent wedge biopsies with adequate diagnostic material. Wedge biopsies showed interstitial cellular expansion with linear and nodular aggregates of CD8 positive T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes; consistent with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia pattern (LIP). Read More

Arch Iran Med 2021 Feb 1;24(2):144-151. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: The scientific evidence concerning pathogenesis and immunopathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving in the literature. To evaluate the different tissues obtained by biopsy and autopsy from five patients who expired from severe COVID-19 in our medical center.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed five patients with severe COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and imaging, to determine the potential correlations between histologic findings with patient outcome. Read More

J Intensive Care 2021 Feb 23;9(1):21. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.

Background: Cellular patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are used to distinguish or rule out particular diseases in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). However, whether BALF cellular patterns can predict mortality or not is unknown. We test the hypothesis that BALF cellular patterns have predictive value for mortality in patients with ARF. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 26;11:617985. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized not only by recurrent bacterial infections, but also autoimmune and inflammatory complications including interstitial lung disease (ILD), referred to as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). Some patients with GLILD have waxing and waning radiologic findings, but preserved pulmonary function, while others progress to end-stage respiratory failure. We reviewed 32 patients with radiological features of GLILD from our Norwegian cohort of CVID patients, including four patients with possible monogenic defects. Read More

Ren Fail 2021 Dec;43(1):335-339

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

The introduction of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has made a significant progress in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell malignancies. Due to the reduction of cytokine release, it is effective in chronic graft-versus-host disease, and its use has also been suggested in autoimmune diseases and in prevention of COVID-19-associated lung damage. Despite this effect on the immune response, we report a severe hypersensitivity reaction in a 76-year-old male patient diagnosed with prolymphocytic leukemia. Read More

Rev Med Interne 2021 Jan 27. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Département d'immunologie, université de Paris, AP-HP, France; INSERM U1126, centre Hayem, hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.

Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) are the most common symptomatic primary antibody deficiency in adults with an estimated prevalence of 1/25,000. The most frequent clinical manifestations are upper respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis) predominantly with Streptococcus pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Read More

Case Rep Pulmonol 2021 7;2021:6693031. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Hospital Selayang, Malaysia.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare condition, commonly associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We report a 53-year-old woman with an incidental finding of an abnormal chest radiograph. LIP was diagnosed based on high-resolution computed tomography and lung biopsy, but treatment was not initiated. Read More

Drugs Context 2021 15;10. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an antimetabolite with a potent inhibitory effect on proliferation of T and B lymphocytes used since the early 1990s for the prevention of acute allograft rejection after organ transplant. MMF is also widely used for the treatment of a variety of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and their pulmonary involvement. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of progressive fibrotic diseases of the lung, which is often secondary to RD and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Read More