J Med Case Rep 2017 Jun 23;11(1):168. Epub 2017 Jun 23.

Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine (IOM), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Background: Deficiency in 11β-hydroxylase as a cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is uncommon. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypertension with virilization in any prepubescent child.

Case Presentation: A 12-year-old Asian boy from eastern Nepal presented with pain in his abdomen and hypertension. Read More

Spinal Cord 2017 Jun 20. Epub 2017 Jun 20.

Shafa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of biochemical androgen deficiency in Iranian spinal cord injured men suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED) and to determine factors related to this problem.

Setting: An andrology clinic of a teaching hospital in Tehran. Read More

Epilepsia 2017 Jun;58 Suppl 2:72-76

Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GK) is an effective treatment for hypothalamic hamartoma. No precise data are available on the risk of endocrine side effects of this treatment. In this study, 34 patients with hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) were followed prospectively at the Department of Endocrinology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France, for a mean follow-up of >2 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 3. Read More

Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2017 19;10:1179551417710209. Epub 2017 May 19.

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background/objectives: A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been globally reported. This study aimed to determining the frequency of hypogonadism and related risk factors among men with T2D in a single-site hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 157 men with T2D (between 30 and 70 years of age). Read More

Andrology 2017 May 23. Epub 2017 May 23.

Molecular Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

More than 95% of testicular cancer are cured but they are at increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. The risk of cardiovascular disease and treatment intensity was reported, but it is unknown whether this effect of cancer therapy is direct or indirect, mediated through androgen deficiency. Our aim was, therefore, to evaluate whether testicular cancer patients have increased the prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular disease and if these risk factors are associated with hypogonadism and/or the cancer treatment given. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2017 Jun;115(3):e170-e174

Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by distinctive facial features, failure to thrive, microcephaly and several malformations associated. Its main endocrinological features are anomalies of the genitalia. We present a 13-year-old boy, who suffered from complicated aspiration pneumonia and showed Cornelia de Lange syndrome phenotype, with global developmental delay, suction-swallowing abnormalities, short stature and abnormal genitalia associated. Read More

Laryngoscope 2017 May 7. Epub 2017 May 7.

Department of Neurology, Medical Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Objectives/hypothesis: Although it is generally considered that benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is associated with changes in female sex hormone levels, no direct data have been reported until now. The purpose of this article was to provide direct data showing the distinct relationship between female sex hormone fluctuations and BPPV in postmenopausal female patients.

Study Design: Prospective analysis in humans and basic research in animals. Read More

Urol Ann 2017 Apr-Jun;9(2):136-140

Department of Urology, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is an optimal technique of sperm extraction for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This study is to present our experience in micro-TESE and evaluate the relation of its sperm retrieval rate (SRR) with patients' characteristics, testicular functions, and histological parameters as well as previous sperm retrieval interventions.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 255 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent micro-TESE between 2011 and 2014. Read More

Eur J Appl Physiol 2017 Jul 3;117(7):1349-1357. Epub 2017 May 3.

Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, A054 PAES Building, 305 Annie and John Glenn Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

Purpose: High volumes of aerobic exercise have been associated with reduced testosterone (T), known as the exercise-hypogonadal male condition (EHMC). Although the presence of low T has been identified, few studies have assessed the presence of androgen-deficient symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess men exhibiting EHMC and evaluate their hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the presence of hypogonadal symptoms, and also investigate a possible contribution of inadequate nutrition to the condition. Read More

Med Oncol 2017 May 7;34(5):84. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Department of Uro-Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5 st., 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.

Testicular tumors and their treatment interfere with homeostasis, hormonal status included. The aim of the study was to evaluate hormonal disorders of the pituitary-gonadal axis in men treated for testicular tumors. One hundred twenty-eight men treated for a unilateral testicular tumor at our institution were included. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Apr;102(4):1102-1111

Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.

Context: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), characterized by gonadotropin deficiency and absent puberty, is very rare in women. IHH prevents pubertal ovarian stimulation, but anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) have not been studied.

Objectives: (1) To compare, in IHH vs controls, AMH, ovarian volume (OV), and AFC. Read More

Endocr Pract 2017 May 22;23(5):576-582. Epub 2017 Feb 22.

Objective: 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) is caused by mutations in the cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) gene. To better understand 17OHD, a rare disease, we described the clinical features and performed CYP17A1 gene analysis in 8 affected Chinese patients.

Methods: Patients with complete (7/8) or partial (1/8) 17OHD were derived from 6 families. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jan-Feb;21(1):64-70

Global Medical Affairs, MSD Pharmaceuticals Private Limited, 10th Floor, Platina Building, C-59, G-Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background: A high prevalence of hypogonadism in men with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported worldwide.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian males with T2DM and assess the primary and secondary hypogonadism along with androgen deficiency.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 900 men with T2DM were evaluated using androgen deficiency in aging male questionnaire. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017 02 14;114(9):2413-2418. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;

Mammalian reproductive function depends upon a neuroendocrine circuit that evokes the pulsatile release of gonadotropin hormones (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) from the pituitary. This reproductive circuit is sensitive to metabolic perturbations. When challenged with starvation, insufficient energy reserves attenuate gonadotropin release, leading to infertility. Read More

Clin Genet 2017 Feb 14. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Neonatal micropenis and cryptorchidism raise the suspicion of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), a rare genetic disorder caused by gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. Low plasma testosterone levels and low gonadotropins during minipuberty provide a clinical diagnostic clue, yet these tests are seldomly performed in general practice. We report a male neonate with no family history of reproductive disorders who was born with micropenis and cryptorchidism. Read More

JIMD Rep 2017 Feb 4. Epub 2017 Feb 4.

Division of Endocrinology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Background: Glycogen storage disease type 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1 in 100,000. Long-term complications include chronic blood glucose lability, lactic academia, short stature, osteoporosis, delayed puberty, gout, progressive renal insufficiency, systemic or pulmonary hypertension, hepatic adenomas at risk for malignant transformation, anemia, vitamin D deficiency, hyperuricemic nephrocalcinosis, inflammatory bowel syndrome (type 1b), hypertriglyceridemia, and irregular menstrual cycles. We describe hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as a novel complication in glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2017 Jun 4;69(6):1272-1279. Epub 2017 May 4.

Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmune diseases that predominantly affect female patients, and therefore fewer investigations have been conducted in men. The aim of this study was to analyze sex hormone levels in male patients with SLE and those with SSc, compared to matched controls, in relation to the use of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (CYC).

Methods: Sex hormone levels were measured in fasting blood samples from male patients with SLE (n = 71) and those with SSc (n = 29) and compared to population-based, age-matched male controls. Read More

Stem Cells 2017 May 5;35(5):1222-1232. Epub 2017 Mar 5.

The Biological Therapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Stem Leydig cell (SLC) transplantation could provide a new strategy for treating the testosterone deficiency. Our previous study demonstrated that CD51 (also called integrin αv) might be a putative cell surface marker for SLCs, but the physiological function and efficacy of CD51(+) SLCs treatment remain unclear. Here, we explore the potential therapeutic benefits of CD51(+) SLCs transplantation and whether these transplanted cells can be regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2017 Apr 11;176(4):379-391. Epub 2017 Jan 11.

Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Objective: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests may be used to evaluate the pituitary and testicular capacity. Our aim was to evaluate changes in follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone after GnRH and hCG stimulation in healthy men and assess the impact of six single nucleotide polymorphisms on the responses.

Design: GnRH and hCG stimulation tests were performed on 77 healthy men, 18-40 years (reference group) at a specialized andrology referral center at a university hospital. Read More

Endocrine 2017 Mar 9;55(3):914-924. Epub 2017 Jan 9.

Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical Andrology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, D-48149, Muenster, Germany.

Context: Undescended testes at birth may be caused by testosterone deficiency during fetal development. It is unclear whether the process of failed descent contributes to permanent endocrine impairment.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of age at treatment of undescended testes on endocrine and spermatogenic testicular function in middle-aged men. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2017 Apr 28;28(4):1365-1376. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Women's Health and Exercise Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA.

Many female athletes are energy and/or estrogen deficient, but the independent effects on bone health have not been isolated. Energy deficiency was detrimental at the tibia while estrogen deficiency was detrimental at the radius. Nutrition must be considered alongside menstrual recovery when addressing compromised bone health in female athletes. Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017 Jun 23;9(2):163-167. Epub 2016 Dec 23.

Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail:

17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17-OHD), a rare autosomal recessive defect in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis, causes absence of secondary sexual characteristics and frequently associated with hypertension and hypokalemia. Here, we report a 46,XY case who had normal potassium levels and no hypertension. Our patient was a 2. Read More

Urology 2017 Apr 14;102:121-125. Epub 2016 Dec 14.

Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

Objective: To investigate the impact of sleep quality in hypogonadal symptoms and sexual function in men working nonstandard shifts.

Materials And Methods: Men treated at a single andrology clinic between July and October 2014 completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, hypogonadal symptoms (Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male [ADAM/qADAM]), and sexual function (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]). Serum hormone levels were assessed at the time of survey completion. Read More

Gynecol Endocrinol 2017 Apr 14;33(4):315-319. Epub 2016 Dec 14.

a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.

Objective: To invistigate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), integrin β3, and pinopode expression in luteal phase deficiency (LPD) women.

Methods: There were 52 nulligravidas consecutive infertile patients undergoing a routine assistant reproduction consultation included in this study. An endometrial biopsy sample was randomly obtained between days 4 and 10 of the luteal phase. Read More

FP Essent 2016 Dec;451:17-24

University of Michigan Medical School Ypsilanti Health Center, 200 Arnet Suite 200, Ypsilanti, MI 48198.

Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair growth, such as coarse sexual or secondary hair, that typically appears in a male growth pattern in androgen-dependent areas of the female body. It can occur in men and women. Common etiologies include polycystic ovary syndrome, idiopathic hyperandrogenemia, idiopathic hirsutism, adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, androgen-secreting tumors, iatrogenic hirsutism, acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2016 Nov 3;16(1):628. Epub 2016 Nov 3.

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.

Background: The prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected patients is still a matter of debate as there is no standardized consensual diagnostic method. In addition, the etiology and endocrine/metabolic implications of hypogonadism in this population remain controversial. This study aims to determine the prevalence of testosterone deficiency in a single-site hospital and to evaluate its association with potential risk factors, lipodystrophy, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Read More

Cell Tissue Res 2016 Nov 11;366(2):467-481. Epub 2016 Jul 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.

An increasingly pro-oxidant environment has been widely implicated in causing dysfunction of testicular steroidogenesis, but little progress has been made in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism. Here, we report that gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5), a key metabolism component responsible for the catalysis of important anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), is predominantly expressed in mammalian Leydig cells (LCs). Deregulated GGT5 expression negatively correlates with testosterone deficiency in the testes of type 2 diabetic mice. Read More

Endocr Res 2017 May 18;42(2):125-131. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

e Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics , University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland.

Purpose: The aim was to assess anterior pituitary hormone levels during the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and analyze the possible association with the clinical condition and outcome.

Material And Methods: Forty patients with aSAH whose aneurysm was secured by endovascular coiling were enrolled. Basal secretions of cortisol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured up to 14 days after the incident. Read More

Aging Male 2017 Mar 18;20(1):1-8. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

a Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health Research and Biomedicine of Valencia (FISABIO) , Alicante , Spain.

Background: Opioids are an effective treatment for chronic non-malignant pain (CNP). Long-term use risks and side effects such as opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD) exist. This could be measured by saliva testosterone (Sal-T). Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016 Sep-Oct;20(5):667-673

Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate its clinical and pathologic correlates.

Subjects And Methods: In a cross-sectional survey of 200 type 2 diabetic males aged 32-69 years, total testosterone (TT), follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, waist circumference (WC), glycated hemoglobin, and lipids were measured. Clinical assessment of androgen deficiency was done using the androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM) questionnaire. Read More

PLoS One 2016 6;11(10):e0164116. Epub 2016 Oct 6.

School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.

Decreased total testosterone (TT) is the recommended metric to identify age-related hypogonadism. However, average TT and the extent to which it varies by age, can vary substantially among different populations. Population-specific reference ranges are needed to understand normal versus abnormal TT levels. Read More

Endocrinology 2016 Dec 4;157(12):4875-4887. Epub 2016 Oct 4.

Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine (L.C., A.Z., F.L.), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511495, China; Xiamen Medical College (L.C.), Xiamen, Fujian 361023, China; Department of Pathology (H.S.), Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Pathology (Yan Jin), Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; Center of Metabolic Disease Research (X.L., J.P., Y.La., Y.Li.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; and School of Bioscience and Bioengineering (YaJ., G.R.), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.

Adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating female fertility, owing to not only its energy stores but also the endocrine actions of secreted adipokines. As one of the adipokines, adiponectin is almost exclusively secreted from the fat, and its circulating concentration is paradoxically reduced in obesity. Although recent studies implied a purported positive role of adiponectin in ovarian functions, definitive in vivo evidence has been sorely lacking. Read More

Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2016 13;143:121-174. Epub 2016 Sep 13.

Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.

The pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play a pivotal role in reproduction. The synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins are regulated by complex interactions among several endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors of diverse chemical structure. In men, LH regulates the synthesis of androgens by the Leydig cells, whereas FSH promotes Sertoli cell function and thereby influences spermatogenesis. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016 Oct-Dec;7(4):537-543

Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.

Background: This study was to determine whether pituitary dysfunction occurs after head trauma in children or not and which axis is affected more; to define the association of pituitary dysfunction with the severity of head trauma and duration time after the diagnosis of head trauma.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 24 children who were diagnosed with head trauma were evaluated regarding pituitary dysfunction. In all cases, after 12 h fasting, serum cortisol, fT3, fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-1, serum sodium, urine density, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, in female cases E2, in male cases, TT levels were determined. Read More

J Endocrinol 2016 Dec 21;231(3):197-207. Epub 2016 Sep 21.

Department of EndocrinologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Université de Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.

Glycoprotein hormones are complex hormonally active macromolecules. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is essential for the postnatal development and maturation of the male gonad. Inactivating Luteinizing hormone beta (LHB) gene mutations are exceptionally rare and lead to hypogonadism that is particularly severe in males. Read More

J Menopausal Med 2016 Aug 30;22(2):62-4. Epub 2016 Aug 30.

Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Menopause is a critical stage of women's life associated with various complaints and distresses. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, and fatigue, are the most common menopause symptoms affecting about 50% to 80% of middle-aged women. Obviously, these symptoms, resulting from estrogen deficiency during menopause, can exert negative effects on women's health and quality of life and thus require to be managed through approaches such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Read More

Gynecol Endocrinol 2016 Dec 10;32(12):991-994. Epub 2016 Sep 10.

g Çanakkale Military Hospital, Internal Diseases Clinic , Çanakkale , Turkey.

Male hypogonadism is defined as the deficiency of testosterone or sperm production synthesized by testicles or the deficiency of both. The reasons for hypogonadism may be primary, meaning testicular or secondary, meaning hypothalamohypophyseal. In hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), there is indeficiency in gonadotropic hormones due to hypothalamic or hypophyseal reasons. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 Sep 6;113(38):E5685-93. Epub 2016 Sep 6.

School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; University of Washington Diabetes Institute, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates steroidogenesis largely through a surge in cyclic AMP (cAMP). Steroidogenic rates are also critically dependent on the availability of cholesterol at mitochondrial sites of synthesis. This cholesterol is provided by cellular uptake of lipoproteins, mobilization of intracellular lipid, and de novo synthesis. Read More

J Chin Med Assoc 2016 Nov 30;79(11):589-596. Epub 2016 Aug 30.

Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background: Aging is associated with the loss of endocrine function. In this study, Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex), which has antioxidant effects and high levels of phytoestrogen, was investigated with regard to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and antioxidant indices in natural aging and in a d-galactose induced aging model in female mice.

Methods: The mice were subcutaneously injected with d-galactose (500 mg/kg/d for 45 days). Read More

Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016 Aug 31;14(1):52. Epub 2016 Aug 31.

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy.

Background: d-chiroinositol (DCI) is a inositolphosphoglycan (IPG) involved in several cellular functions that control the glucose metabolism. DCI functions as second messenger in the insulin signaling pathway and it is considered an insulin sensitizer since deficiency in tissue availability of DCI were shown to cause insulin resistance (IR). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pathological condition that is often accompanied with insulin resistance. Read More

Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017 Feb 21;15(1):e37-e43. Epub 2016 Jul 21.

Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Little is known about preorchiectomy Leydig cell function in patients with testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC). The aim was to estimate the prevalence of preorchiectomy Leydig cell dysfunction and evaluate factors associated with this condition in a cohort of patients with TGCC.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), calculated free T (cFT), estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) preorchiectomy in 561 patients with TGCC and compared with 561 healthy controls. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2016 Nov 13;48(11):1789-1795. Epub 2016 Aug 13.

Endocrinology Department, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, 34371, Şişli/Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: To assess female sexual functions in women who were affected by vitamin D3 deficiency.

Methods: A total of 50 women with FSD and 58 healthy women controls were included in the study, according to the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire using a 26.55 cutoff value. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2016 Aug;54(8):619-22

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of an infant with isolated 17, 20-lyase deficiency.

Method: The clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics were analyzed in an 8-month-old infant with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis who presented predominantly the female external genitalia.

Result: The infant was referred because of"masses in bilateral inguinal region and 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis". Read More

Med J Aust 2016 Aug;205(4):173-8

Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC.

Introduction: This article, Part 1 of the Endocrine Society of Australia's position statement on male hypogonadism, focuses on assessment of male hypogonadism, including the indications for testosterone therapy. (Part 2 will deal with treatment and therapeutic considerations.)

Main Recommendations: Key points and recommendations are:Pathological hypogonadism arises due to diseases of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or testes (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). Read More

Hum Reprod 2016 Aug 19;31(8):1875-85. Epub 2016 Jun 19.

Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.

Study Question: Are low vitamin D levels linked with semen quality and sex steroids in infertile men?

Summary Answer: Infertile men with vitamin D deficiency had lower sperm motility, total numbers of motile sperm, Inhibin B, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) and testosterone/estradiol ratio, but higher levels of free sex steroids, than infertile men with normal vitamin D levels.

What Is Known Already: Low vitamin D levels have been associated with decreased sperm motility in healthy men, but a relationship between vitamin D and calcium with semen quality and especially sex steroids has not been sufficiently described in infertile men.

Study Design, Size, Duration: This study comprises baseline characteristics of 1427 infertile men screened from 2011 to 2014 for inclusion in a randomized clinical trial, the Copenhagen-Bone-Gonadal Study. Read More

Am J Mens Health 2016 Aug 3. Epub 2016 Aug 3.

St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of therapeutic modalities and sexual hormone levels on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in testicular cancer (TC) survivors. In a cross-sectional descriptive, long-term follow-up study, a total of 1,249 long-term TC survivors were evaluated according to treatment modality: orchiectomy (OE) only, OE + chemotherapy (CT), or OE + radiotherapy (RT). Luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TST), marker of bone resorption (β-carboxyl-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen-CTx), and BMD were evaluated. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016 Dec 18;85(6):891-901. Epub 2016 Aug 18.

Andrology Research Unit, Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Old St Mary's Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Objective: In ageing men, the incidence and clinical significance of testosterone (T) decline accompanied by elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) are unclear. We describe the natural history, risk factors and clinical features associated with the development of biochemical primary hypogonadism (PHG, T < 10·5 nmol/l and LH>9·4U/l) in ageing men.

Design, Patients And Measurements: A prospective observational cohort survey of 3,369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years, followed up for 4·3 years. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016 Aug 4;17(11):1561-7. Epub 2016 Jul 4.

b Center for Reproductive Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is a growing concern in an aging male population. Historically treated using exogenous testosterone, concerns about possible adverse effects of testosterone have led physicians to seek alternative treatment approaches.

Areas Covered: Enclomiphene citrate is the trans isomer of clomiphene citrate, a non-steroidal estrogen receptor antagonist that is FDA-approved for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction in women. Read More

Neuroscience 2016 Sep 15;331:62-71. Epub 2016 Jun 15.

Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71291, United States.

Hindbrain dorsal vagal complex A2 noradrenergic signaling represses the pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in response to energy deficiency. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia augments A2 neuron adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) expression, coincident with LH surge suppression. We hypothesized that ERβ is critical for hypoglycemia-associated patterns of LH secretion and norepinephrine (NE) activity in key reproduction-relevant forebrain structures. Read More