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Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020 May;45(10):2439-2445

Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053, China.

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of Wubi Shanyao Pills on sexual dysfunction in rats with kidney-Yang deficiency and to investigate its possible mechanism. Adenine(100 mg·kg~(-1)) was administered to male SD rats for 8 weeks to establish kidney-Yang deficiency model, and at the same time, Wubi Shanyao Pills(2, 1, 0.5 g·kg~(-1)) were administered to rats for 8 weeks. Read More

Animal 2020 May 5:1-9. Epub 2020 May 5.

Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China.

Ovarian follicle selection is a natural biological process in the pre-ovulatory hierarchy in birds that drives growing follicles to be selected within the ovulatory cycle. Follicle selection in birds is strictly regulated, involving signaling pathways mediated by dietary nutrients, gonadotrophic hormones and paracrine factors. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that dietary Ca may participate in regulating follicle selection in laying ducks through activating the signaling pathway of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), possibly mediated by gonadotrophic hormones. Read More

Asian J Androl 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020 Apr 6;3(2):e00123. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.

Aims: We assessed the change from baseline in vitamin E, steroid hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and gonadotropins, overall and by lowest achieved low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia after 12 weeks of treatment with evolocumab.

Materials And Methods: This was a prespecified analysis of vitamin E, cortisol, ACTH, gonadal hormones and gonadotropins in the 12-week, placebo-controlled BERSON trial of evolocumab in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. In BERSON, 981 (451 in China) patients on daily atorvastatin 20 mg were randomized to placebo or one of two doses of evolocumab. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2020 Apr 16;20(1):50. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.

Background: The prevalence of childhood-onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) is estimated to be approximately 1 in 5000 or more, with the cause unknown in most cases (idiopathic isolated GHD). However, additional disorders of secretion of other pituitary hormones reportedly develop over time, with a frequency of 2-94% (median, 16%). Furthermore, median times to development of other anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies have been reported to be 6. Read More

Occup Environ Med 2020 04 20;77(4):214-222. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DINP) on serum testosterone levels in male workers.

Methods: From 2015 to 2018, 97 male workers were recruited from six French factories in the plastics industry. In a short longitudinal study, changes over 3 days in the level of total or free serum testosterone and DINP exposure were measured. Read More

Hum Cell 2020 Apr 7;33(2):318-329. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.

95% of the body's testosterone is produced by the Leydig Cells (LCs) in adult testis, and LC functional degradation can cause testosterone deficiency ultimately leading towards hypogonadism. The transplantation of LCs derived from stem cells is a very promising therapy to overcome the testosterone deficiency. The isolated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) were identified by flow cytometry and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 May;105(5)

Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina.

Context: The reproductive axis is controlled by a network of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons born in the primitive nose that migrate to the hypothalamus alongside axons of the olfactory system. The observation that congenital anosmia (inability to smell) is often associated with GnRH deficiency in humans led to the prevailing view that GnRH neurons depend on olfactory structures to reach the brain, but this hypothesis has not been confirmed.

Objective: The objective of this work is to determine the potential for normal reproductive function in the setting of completely absent internal and external olfactory structures. Read More

J Neurosurg 2020 Feb 7:1-9. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Departments of1Neurologic Surgery and.

Objective: Intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) often arise at the neurohypophysis, their second most common origination, following the pineal region. Neurohypophyseal iGCTs present with stereotypical symptoms, including pituitary dysfunction and visual field deficit, due to their suprasellar location. The goal of this study was to present a large, longitudinal single-institution experience with neurohypophyseal iGCTs to better understand their natural history and identify opportunities for further improvement in treatment outcomes. Read More

Cureus 2019 Dec 29;11(12):e6500. Epub 2019 Dec 29.

Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, PAK.

Introduction Hypogonadism is characterized by clinical and biochemical evidence of testosterone deficiency. Low testosterone levels have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can predispose to coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been proposed that diabetic men with proven CAD have lower androgen levels than patients with normal coronary arteriograms. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2020 Jul 1;31(7):1261-1272. Epub 2020 Feb 1.

Molecular Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, CRC Building 91, Plan 10, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.

We investigated if bone mineral density was related to testosterone deficiency and/or previous cancer treatment in men who were childhood cancer survivors. Men with untreated testosterone deficiency or previous treatment with cranial irradiation were at increased risk of impaired bone health. Prevention of osteoporosis should be considered in their follow-up. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2020 Jun 30;39(6):834-847. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

We aimed to explore the possible neurotoxicity and infertility mechanisms of prolonged metronidazole (MTZ) use and the effects of antioxidant grapefruit (GP) co-therapy on MTZ-induced complications. Sixty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups ( = 15 each). Group I (control group) received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (27 ml/ kg/day), group II (MTZ group) received MTZ (400 mg/kg/day), group III (MTZ + GP) received MTZ (400 mg/kg/ day) plus GP juice (27 ml/kg/ day) and group IV (GP group) received GP juice (27 ml/kg) for 60 days. Read More

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020 05 15;199:105589. Epub 2020 Jan 15.

Group of skeletal, mineral and gonadal endocrinology, Dept. of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Bone Health and Mineral Research, HSDM, Harvard University, Boston, USA. Electronic address:

Production of testosterone is under tight control by human chorion gonadotropin (hCG) during fetal life and luteinizing hormone (LH) in adulthood. Several animal and human studies have linked vitamin D status with sex steroid production although it is not clear whether there exist a direct or indirect involvement in androgen production. Few studies have investigated this crosslink in young healthy men and putative direct or synergistic effect of activated vitamin D (1,25(OH)D) and LH/hCG on sex steroid production in vitro. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jan;99(1):e18605

National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, Department of Male Clinical Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.

To investigate the age-related nomograms and change trends of reproductive hormones, and prevalence of androgen deficiency (AD) in middle-aged and aging men from 2 studies.Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at 5-year intervals in Chinese community-dwelling men living in the same area. A total of 434 (Study 1, S1) and 944 (Study 2, S2) men aged 40 to 69 years were recruited as subjects and 59 (S1) and 98 (S2) men aged 20 to 39 years as controls to measure serum reproductive hormone levels. Read More

Int J Mol Med 2020 Feb 20;45(2):647-657. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of primordial follicles are poorly understood. The serine/threonine protein kinase phosphoinositide‑dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), a pivotal downstream effector of phosphatidyl inositol‑3 kinase (PI3K) signaling, plays a vital role in cellular signaling. In order to identify the function of PDK1 in ovarian follicle development, this study used conditional Pdk1 deletion in mouse oocytes by crossing Pdk1loxP/loxP mice with transgenic mice carrying Gdf‑9 promoter‑mediated Cre recombinase and found that Pdk1flx/flxGdf9Cre mice were subfertile with increased serum follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels compared with Pdk1flx/flx mice. Read More

J Acad Nutr Diet 2020 May 23;120(5):885-892. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Background: Riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 are key players in one-carbon metabolism as enzymatic cofactors, and deficiency of these nutrients may influence reproductive outcomes possibly through affecting reproductive hormones.

Objective: The goal was to investigate associations between dietary intakes of riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12, and menstrual function among premenopausal women.

Design: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted at the University at Buffalo during 2005 to 2007. Read More

S Afr Med J 2019 Nov 27;109(12):963-970. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Background: The reported prevalence of low testosterone among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high. However, there is a dearth of information on the prevalence of androgen deficiency symptoms and low serum testosterone levels in men with T2DM from sub-Saharan Africa. Scanty data are available from Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa (SA). Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020 Jul 9;45(7):707-714. Epub 2019 Dec 9.

Women's Health and Exercise Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

The mechanism underlying oligo/amenorrhea in exercising women is often presumed as hypothalamic inhibition secondary to energy deficiency; however, hyperandrogenism may provide an alternative mechanism in some exercising women. Our purpose was to compare reproductive, metabolic, and androgen profiles of exercising women with eumenorrheic, ovulatory menstrual cycles ( = 91), oligo/amenorrhea without evidence of hyperandrogenism (Oligo/Amen; = 83), and oligo/amenorrhea with evidence of hyperandrogenism (Oligo/Amen-HA; = 17), and determine the prevalence of oligo/amenorrhea with evidence of hyperandrogenism in exercising women. Self-reported menstrual history and quantification of daily estrogen and progesterone urinary metabolites determined reproductive status. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 3;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

A diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in a '46, XX' newborn with ambiguous genitalia is like a 'knee jerk reaction' of the paediatrician because of its higher frequency and life-threatening consequences if remain undiagnosed and hence untreated. Aromatase deficiency (AD), a rare cause of '46, XX' disorder of sex development, mimics virilising CAH in many aspects; thus, the disease is often overlooked. Diagnosis of AD in women is much easier around puberty due to the presence of primary amenorrhoea, undeveloped breasts, androgen excess and tall stature with eunuchoid proportions. Read More

Endokrynol Pol 2019 ;70(5):437-444

Department of Immunoendocrinology, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Pituitary hormones folitropin (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) and lutropin (luteinising hormone, LH) are known as the key regulators of human reproduction. However, their receptors have been identified also in several organs and tissues beyond the reproductive system, and there is cumulating evidence of their direct extra-gonadal actions. The expression of LH receptors (LHR) was found in the brain and adrenal cortex. Read More

Cell Mol Life Sci 2020 Aug 1;77(15):2997-3012. Epub 2019 Nov 1.

Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

CxxC-finger protein 1 (CFP1)-mediated trimethylated histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4me3) during oocyte development enables the oocyte genome to establish the competence to generate a new organism. Nevertheless, it remains unclear to which extent this epigenetic modification forms an instructive component of ovarian follicle development. We investigated the ovarian functions using an oocyte-specific Cxxc1 knockout mouse model, in which the H3K4me3 accumulation is downregulated in oocytes of developing follicles. Read More

J Urol 2020 04 31;203(4):817-823. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

Men's Health Boston, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

Purpose: Although healthy young men demonstrate a diurnal pattern of serum testosterone, minimal information is available on diurnal variation in young men with testosterone deficiency.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples were obtained during a 24-hour period at 8 and 11 a.m. Read More

Clin Hypertens 2019 15;25:23. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

1Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China.

Background: 17α-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 gene. The major clinical presentation includes hypertension, hypokalemia, male pseudohermaphroditism and female gonadal dysplasia. Hundreds of pathogenic variants have been reported in this disorder, and some common mutations were found to be race-specific. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 4;10:650. Epub 2019 Oct 4.

PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.

The current understanding of human growth hormone (hGH; here GH) action is that the molecule is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland. It can be classified as a protein (comprising more than 50 amino acids) but true proteins have tertiary and quaternary chains creating a more complex structure, hence GH is usually classified as a polypeptide. GH is normally secreted at night during sleep and promotes skeletal, visceral and general body growth through the action of somatomedins or IGFs, notably IGF-1. Read More

J Endocrinol 2020 01;244(1):111-122

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

The progesterone receptor (PR, encoded by Pgr) plays essential roles in reproduction. Female mice lacking the PR are infertile, due to the loss of the protein's functions in the brain, ovary, and uterus. PR is also expressed in pituitary gonadotrope cells, but its specific role therein has not been assessed in vivo. Read More

Pediatr Res 2020 02 19;87(3):558-563. Epub 2019 Sep 19.

Zietchick Research Institute, Plymouth, MI, USA.

Background: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are pro-angiogenic gonadotropic hormones, which classically target the reproductive organs. However, hCG, LH, and their shared CG/LH receptor are also present in the human eye. The possibility that a deficiency of these hormones may be involved in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during its early non-proliferative phase has not been explored. Read More

Asian J Androl 2020 Jul-Aug;22(4):354-359

Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.

The aim of this study was to determine whether testicular volume is correlated with clinical and biochemical markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis function. This was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger randomized controlled trial including obese men, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg m, with a total testosterone level <12 nmol l. Testicular volume was measured by orchidometer, testosterone by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Read More

Endokrynol Pol 2019 17;70(6):484-488. Epub 2019 Sep 17.

Department of Neuroendocrinology, Interdepartmental Chair of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Introduction: Aging in mammals, including man, is accompanied by deep changes in hormone secretion. In the majority of cases, hormone secretion (mostly of gonadal steroids and adrenocortical hormone dehydroepiandrosterone - DHEA) undergoes pronounced decrease. This decrease is thought to contribute to the progression of aging. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 21;10:551. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represents a frequent complication among patients with obesity and has been associated with neuroendocrine changes, including hypogonadism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on testosterone and gonadotropins in male patients with OSA. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018103164). Read More

BMJ Open 2019 09 5;9(9):e025991. Epub 2019 Sep 5.

Deparment of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

Introduction: Androgen deficiency of the ageing male is a clinical syndrome resulting from the low production of androgens (testosterone levels <6.9 nmol/L) with symptoms including decline in lean mass, muscle strength, increases in body mass and overall fat mass. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of a 12 week strength training intervention on body composition, physical function, muscle cellular and molecular and selected biochemical markers of metabolic health in hypogonadal patients. Read More

Vascul Pharmacol 2019 10 19;121:106582. Epub 2019 Aug 19.

Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China. Electronic address:

Background: The contentious effects of estrogen therapy on the risk of postmenopausal cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicate that this type of atherosclerosis is not solely induced by estrogen deficiency. Other sex hormones such as elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) may also affect CVD risk in this population. We therefore explored the relationship between LH and atherosclerosis in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2019 Aug;69(8):1090-1093

Armed Forced Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi.

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of human chorionic gonadotropins stimulation test in differentiating androgen insensitivity syndrome and 5-alpha reductase deficiency, keeping testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio as the gold standard.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to December, 2016, and comprised patients aged 01 day to 20 years having XY chromosomes on karyotyping and with a spectrum of phenotypes. Blood samples were collected from each subject for basal serum testosterone, serum luteinizing hormone and serum follicular stimulating hormone level. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 Sep 26;3(9):1652-1662. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Acerus Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy data from a phase 3 testosterone nasal gel (TNG) study were stratified by baseline endogenous testosterone level in patients with testosterone deficiency. Total testosterone (TT), LH, and FSH levels, as well as erectile function, mood, and lean body mass for each group were compared. In a subset of patients with very low baseline endogenous testosterone levels (<100 ng/dL), we investigated whether TNG is a suitable treatment option. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 16;10:450. Epub 2019 Jul 16.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Although not yet well-understood, today it is clear that Growth Hormone (GH) exerts a relevant role in the regulation of ovulation and fertility; in fact, fertility is lower in women with GH deficiency (GHD), and GH receptors (GHR) and GH mRNA have been found in the ovary since the onset of follicular development in humans. However, despite the strong evidence of GH in the regulation of fertility, many aspects of GH actions at this level are still not well-established, and it is likely that some controversial data depend on the species analyzed, the dose of the hormone and the duration of use of GH. Folliculogenesis, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation and maintenance are processes that are critically dependent on angiogenesis. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 12;104(12):6101-6115

Division of Endocrinology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.

Context: Data on hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) disorders in systematically evaluated childhood cancer survivors are limited.

Objective: To describe prevalence, risk factors, and associated adverse health outcomes of deficiencies in GH deficiency (GHD), TSH deficiency (TSHD), LH/FSH deficiency (LH/FSHD), and ACTH deficiency (ACTHD), and central precocious puberty (CPP).

Design: Retrospective with cross-sectional health outcomes analysis. Read More

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019 09 19;317(3):H487-H495. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.

Female athletes display a high prevalence of hypothalamic amenorrhea as a result of energy imbalance. In these athletes with amenorrhea, decreased luteinizing hormone/follicule-stimulating hormone secretion leads to deficiency in endogenous estrogen. The severe estrogen deficiency in these athletes may increase cardiovascular risk similar to that in postmenopausal women. Read More

Biol Reprod 2019 10;101(4):760-770

State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China.

In recent studies, luteinizing hormone (LH) was reported to play important roles in oocyte maturation. However, the mechanism by which LH signaling, especially regarding the steroidogenesis process, affects oocyte maturation has not been clarified. In this study, zebrafish models with a functional deficiency in luteinizing hormone beta (Lhb) or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), an enzyme that promotes the transport of cholesterol into the inner mitochondrial membrane for maturation-induced hormone (MIH) production, were generated using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2018 Sep;66(9):11-12

Intern, Department of Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Abstract: :Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional anemia worldwide. Anemia imposes a significant hypoxic environment in different organs and tissues including the testes. This study evaluated the effect of treatment of IDA on the pituitary gonadal axis (Serum FSH, LH, Testosterone) and sperm parameters in adult eugonadal males. Read More

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019 Jul 10;79(7):723-730. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corum, Turkey.

It is still unclear in the literature whether low vitamin D levels play a role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially with respect to the regulation of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether there could be a relationship between vitamin D deficiency status and PCOS. A total of 146 infertile women were divided into two groups according to their ovarian reserve patterns: (i) normal (NOR), and (ii) high (PCOS). Read More

J Hum Reprod Sci 2019 Apr-Jun;12(2):169-172

Department of Endocrinology, Govt Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

A 2-year-old child reared as a girl child was brought by parents with ambiguous genitalia noticed since birth. There was no history of failure to thrive or salt-losing crisis. On examination, the child had normal height and weight with normal blood pressure and no dysmorphism or Turners stigmata with external genitalia Prader Score 2. Read More

Elife 2019 07 10;8. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center (JPArc), Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a condition characterized by absent puberty and infertility due to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, which is often associated with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome, KS). We identified loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in anti-Müllerian hormone () and its receptor, , in 3% of CHH probands using whole-exome sequencing. We showed that during embryonic development, AMH is expressed in migratory GnRH neurons in both mouse and human fetuses and unconvered a novel function of AMH as a pro-motility factor for GnRH neurons. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 08;104(8):3403-3414

Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: After completion of puberty a subset of men experience functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (FHH) secondary to excessive exercise or weight loss. This phenomenon is akin to hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) in women, yet little is known about FHH in men.

Objective: To investigate the neuroendocrine mechanisms, genetics, and natural history underlying FHH. Read More

BMC Complement Altern Med 2019 Jun 17;19(1):132. Epub 2019 Jun 17.

Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.

Background: Nigerian Cannabis sativa (hemp) causes male gonadotoxicity by inducing hyperprolactinemia, down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and oxidative stress. Benin republic hemp has been preferred by illicit users in Nigeria but its effect on male fertility is not understood. This study determined and compared the compositions of Benin republic hemp ethanol extract (BHE) and Nigerian hemp. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2020 Mar 8;250:111965. Epub 2019 Jun 8.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex gynecological endocrine disease commonly occurred in women of childbearing age. The main hallmark of PCOS includes elevated androgen production and insulin resistance (IR). Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LWDH Pills), a commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used as a tonic prescription to treat diabetes, female menopause syndrome and other symptoms with'Kidney-Yin' deficiency. Read More

Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2019 Jan-Jun;40(1):20-24

Department of Biochemistry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.

Context: After the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prevalence of hypogonadism among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected males is decreasing.

Aims: The aim of this study was (i) to estimate the prevalence of hypogonadism among HIV-infected males and (ii) to determine the risk factors for hypogonadism.

Settings And Design: This was a cross-sectional study undertaken at ART center of a medical Institute. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 10;104(10):4304-4318

Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: Kisspeptin-neurokinin B (NKB)-dynorphin neurons are critical regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. NKB and dynorphin are hypothesized to influence the frequency of GnRH pulses, whereas kisspeptin is hypothesized to be a generator of the GnRH pulse. How these neuropeptides interact remains unclear. Read More

Andrology 2019 11 16;7(6):778-793. Epub 2019 May 16.

University Department of Growth and Reproduction, and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Gynecomastia (GM) is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the breast in men. It is a frequent condition with a reported prevalence of 32-65%, depending on the age and the criteria used for definition. GM of infancy and puberty are common, benign conditions resolving spontaneously in the majority of cases. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2019 May 26;59(5):253-257. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science.

A 69-year-old man was admitted because of subacute development of lower limb weakness from one month ago. He showed central obesity, gynecomastia, dorsal fat pad ("buffalo hump"), and proximal muscle weakness in the lower extremities (manual muscle test 4). Needle EMG, muscle MRI and labolatry screening including CPK were negative for neuromuscular diseases, except for the hypogenitalism accidentally detected in MRI. Read More

Elife 2019 04 4;8. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.

The brain regulates fertility through gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Estradiol induces negative feedback on pulsatile GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) release and positive feedback generating preovulatory GnRH/LH surges. Negative and positive feedbacks are postulated to be mediated by kisspeptin neurons in arcuate and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei, respectively. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2019 15;10:173. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Center of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5αRD) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease of the group of 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD).

Objective: To study the growth pattern in Chinese pediatric patients with 5αRD.

Subjects: Data were obtained from 141 patients with 5αRD (age: 0-16 years old) who visited eight pediatric endocrine centers from January 2010 to December 2017. Read More