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Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Introduction: Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) in combination with low-normal testosterone (mild Leydig cell insufficiency) is common in testicular cancer (TC) survivors and is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome. The aim was to evaluate if testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves metabolic health in this subgroup of TC survivors.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2022 Apr;10(10):3060-3068

Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, ovarian polycystic changes, and irregular ovulation, often occurring in women of childbearing age for whom it can be a cause of infertility. Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis dysregulation is important in the pathogenesis of PCOS and the associated chronic excess of sex hormones can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and malignancies such as endometrial cancer, and breast cancer. At present, most scholars agree that lifestyle interventions in conjunction with drug treatment can help PCOS patients achieve their goals of successful pregnancy and childbirth. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022 Apr 25. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Endocrinology, Seth G. S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Context: Selective deficiency of β-subunit of luteinizing hormone (LHB) is a rare disease with scarce data on its characteristics.

Objectives: To describe a male with LHB deficiency and systematically review the literature.

Design And Patients: Description of a male patient with LHB deficiency and a systematic review of LHB deficiency patients published to date (10 males and 3 females) as per PRISMA guidelines. Read More

Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2022 Jun 15;83(3):159-163. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Endocrinologie et diabétologie pédiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a group of rare diseases characterized by inadequate secretion of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) during the physiological activation periods of the gonadotropic axis. The disease? (anomaly) is present from fetal life and usually persists throughout life. Clinically, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is associated with neonatal clinical signs (micropenis, cryptorchidism in boys in about half of the cases). Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2022 Mar-Apr;8(2):58-64. Epub 2021 Oct 20.

Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is a rare bone dysplasia characterized by diffuse diaphyseal osteosclerosis. Skull base involvement in CED can result in hypopituitarism but is seldom reported. Our objective was to report a patient with acquired hypopituitarism due to CED and assess the management challenges. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2022 May 5;84(5):680-688. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.

Spontaneous dwarf rat (SDR) is a primary experimental animal model for the study of pituitary dwarfism with a point mutation in the Gh gene encoding growth hormone (GH). In previous studies, SDR has been reported to be associated with the GH deficiency as well as combined hormone deficiencies, the cause of which is unknown. In this study, we focused on the characteristics of pituitary stem/progenitor cell populations, which are a source of hormone-producing cells, in SDR. Read More

Front Surg 2022 14;9:845273. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Background: Craniopharyngioma (CP) with tumoral hemorrhage is a very rare syndrome presenting with various manifestation and unfavorable outcomes. The current retrospective study was performed to summarize the clinical features of CP with tumoral hemorrhage.

Methods: In this study, 185 patients with pathological diagnosis of CP (18 patients with hemorrhage) were enrolled. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 9;14(2):e22059. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Department of Endocrinology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, IND.

Aromatase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and its exact prevalence is not known. Aromatase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in gonadal and extra-gonadal tissues. Deficiency of aromatase enzyme can lead to ambiguous genitalia in a female child and maternal virilization during pregnancy due to raised androgen levels in the mother. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Jun;107(7):1983-1993

Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.

Context: Women with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer from hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, causing a deficit in gonadal hormone secretion. As a consequence, these women are treated with estrogen from the age of 12 years, and later in combination with progesterone. However, androgens have been given less attention. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22812. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM), Old Westbury, USA.

Hormonal derangements should be suspected whenever a patient experiences amenorrhea with no abnormal physical exam findings. Clinical suspicion is increased if she also reports psychological trauma that could affect her nervous system and, by association, her hormones since the pituitary gland is present in the brain. Additional exams that aid in the diagnosis of amenorrhea include a variety of blood panels and imaging scans. Read More

Cell Death Dis 2022 03 4;13(3):208. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

Although testosterone deficiency (TD) may be present in one out of five men 40 years or older, the factors responsible for TD remain largely unknown. Leydig stem cells (LSCs) differentiate into adult Leydig cells (ALC) and produce testosterone in the testes under the pulsatile control of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. However, recent studies have suggested that the testicular microenvironment (TME), which is comprised of Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells (PMC), plays an instrumental role in LSC differentiation and testosterone production under the regulation of the desert hedgehog signaling pathway (DHH). Read More

Andrologia 2022 Jun 28;54(5):e14394. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training, Phoenix dactylifera extract, and testosterone enanthate injection on luteinizing hormone receptor, claudin-1, cingulin, and zonula occludens in the prostate tissues of adult rats. 30 male rats were divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) resistance training, (3) Phoenix dactylifera extract, (4) testosterone enanthate, (5) resistance training+Phoenix dactylifera extract, and (6) resistance training + testosterone enanthate. After completing the treatments and resistance training, all rats were sacrificed via anaesthesia. Read More

Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022 04 6;546:111595. Epub 2022 Feb 6.

Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address:

Reproduction is an energetically costly event across vertebrates and tightly linked to nutritional status and energy reserves. In mammals, the hormone leptin is considered as a link between energy homeostasis and reproduction. However, its role in fish reproduction is still unclear. Read More

Int J Impot Res 2022 Feb 3. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

The prevalence of both obesity and hypogonadism in the United States has increased over the past two decades. While prior studies have shown an association between obesity and secondary hypogonadism-low testosterone and luteinizing hormone-few have used a large enough sample size to determine prevalence at each body mass index class. We aimed to compare rates of secondary hypogonadism among body mass index classes by constructing a retrospective database with men who had their body mass index, morning testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels measured during a visit to a urology clinic at a tertiary academic medical center between 2011-2020. Read More

Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2022 Mar 1;47(1):58-69. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -

The coordinated and pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a central role in vertebrate reproductive function. The development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is characterized by a complex network of molecular signals that controls, at first, migration of the GnRH neurons along the nose, through the cribriform plate, up to the frontal lobe. This migratory process is orchestrated by several factors including anosmin-1, polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule, γ-amino butyric acid, hepatocyte growth factor, chemokines, cytokines and semaphorins. Read More

Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2022 Apr 20;83(2):142-146. Epub 2022 Jan 20.

Endocrinology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases HYPO, "Groupement Hospitalier Est" Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron Cedex, France. Electronic address:

Background: Post-traumatic hypopituitarism has been reported as a complication in a number of contact sports. Although rugby is a sport with a high risk and high incidence of concussion, no such cases have been reported to date.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old professional rugby player presented with fatigue and reduced libido complaints after nearly 300 professional games during his 15-year career. Read More

Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022 5;13:20420188211065660. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Clinical manifestations and the need for treatment varies according to age in males with hypogonadism. Early foetal-onset hypogonadism results in disorders of sex development (DSD) presenting with undervirilised genitalia whereas hypogonadism established later in foetal life presents with micropenis, cryptorchidism and/or micro-orchidism. After the period of neonatal activation of the gonadal axis has waned, the diagnosis of hypogonadism is challenging because androgen deficiency is not apparent until the age of puberty. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2022 Jan 28;186(3):307-318. Epub 2022 Jan 28.

Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Context: The time course of male reproductive hormone recovery after stopping injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment is not known.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate, extent, and determinants of reproductive hormone recovery over 12 months after stopping TU injections.

Materials And Methods: Men (n = 303) with glucose intolerance but without pathologic hypogonadism who completed a 2-year placebo (P)-controlled randomized clinical trial of TU treatment were recruited for further 12 months while remaining blinded to treatment. Read More

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022 Jan;61(1):72-76

Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

To provide insight into the diagnosis for clinicians, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment history of 3 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) were analyzed. The clinical, laboratory and imaging data of 3 male patients with 21-OHD and TART, confirmed with CYP21 gene sequencing, from May 2010 to May 2021 in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment strategy and clinical outcome were followed up. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Dec 8;22(24). Epub 2021 Dec 8.

Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 272 George St., Providence, RI 02906, USA.

The pituitary is an organ of dual provenance: the anterior lobe is epithelial in origin, whereas the posterior lobe derives from the neural ectoderm. The pituitary gland is a pivotal element of the axis regulating reproductive function in mammals. It collects signals from the hypothalamus, and by secreting gonadotropins (FSH and LH) it stimulates the ovary into cyclic activity resulting in a menstrual cycle and in ovulation. Read More

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2021 Dec;41(12):1325-30

Department of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Provincial Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect on functional erectile dysfunction (FED) of kidney deficiency and liver stagnation treated by moxibustion and decoction.

Methods: A total of 120 patients with FED were randomized into an observation group (60 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 4 cases dropped off). In the control group, the patients were treated with oral decoction (, , , , etc. Read More

Andrology 2022 03 8;10(3):451-469. Epub 2022 Jan 8.

Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: Male hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical androgen insufficiency syndrome, becoming more prevalent with age. Exogenous testosterone is first-choice therapy, with several side effects, including negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in suppression of intratesticular testosterone production and spermatogenesis. To preserve these testicular functions while treating male hypogonadism, clomiphene citrate is used as off-label therapy. Read More

Rev Recent Clin Trials 2022 ;17(1):34-39

Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine.

Background: In men with low levels of testosterone in the blood, it is believed that the symptoms can be regarded as an association between testosterone deficiency syndrome and related comorbidities.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of testosterone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and androgen deficiency.

Materials And Methods: Testosterone replacement therapy was carried out in 26 men with T2D and clinically or laboratory-confirmed androgen deficiency. Read More

J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022 Jan 8;207:114422. Epub 2021 Oct 8.

Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China. Electronic address:

Morinda officinalis, a well-known traditional herbal medicine in China, is used to treat deficiency of kidney-yang syndrome. Although this medicine has the property of "reinforcing kidney to strengthening Yang," the chemical constituents responsible for this effect remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify the main active compounds responsible for reinforcing kidney to strengthening Yang, based on spectrum-effect relationships combined with chemometrics. Read More

Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022 02 22;17(2):313-316. Epub 2021 Oct 22.

Aim: To highlight energy availability status, resting metabolic rate measures, dietary protein intake, and testosterone concentration in 4 elite male track cycling athletes (mean [SD]: age: 20.8 [1.5] y, body mass: 76. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 1;12:735655. Epub 2021 Oct 1.

Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Purpose: Xanthomatous hypophysitis (XHP) is an extremely rare form of primary hypophysitis for which there is a lack of clinical experience. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment is needed.

Methods: Here, we report a case study and conduct a systematic review of XHP. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 10 12;11(1):20198. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Department of Massage and Physical Therapy, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland.

The relationship between vitamin D levels and testicular hormonal function in men has not been clearly established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between deficiency/insufficiency levels of 25(OH)D and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total (TT), free (FT), and bioavailable testosterone (BT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in young, healthy men. We enrolled 176 healthy, active young men aged 18-35 years from a genetically homogenous population of Lower Silesia, Poland. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021 11;2021:3926822. Epub 2021 Sep 11.

Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (Jiangbei District People's Hospital), No. 1, Jialing Village 1, Huaxin Street, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400020, China.

Objective: To explore the effect of Wenjing Decoction and Tiaobu Chongren acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on serum sex hormones and ovarian function recovery in premature ovarian failure (POF) patients with deficiency-cold syndrome.

Methods: From February 2018 to October 2019, 119 POI patients with deficiency-cold syndrome who met the selection criteria were randomly divided into the control group ( = 59) and the observation group ( = 60). The control group was treated with hormone replacement therapy, and the observation group was treated with Wenjing Decoction and Tiaobu Chongren acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on the basis of the control group. Read More