Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Turk Thorac J 2019 Jan 31;20(2):153-156. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

A partial or complete resolution of the neoplastic lesion, either spontaneously or in the presence of therapy that is considered inadequate to exert significant influence on the growth of the neoplastic lesion, is considered a spontaneous regression. This phenomenon is extremely rare in lung neoplasms. A close follow up with imaging along with bronchoscopy and a biopsy of the lesion is essential, as they may have potential for distant spread even during radiological regression. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2019 May 6;14(5):595-601. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of the liver typically appear as solid, hypervascular masses on imaging. Pseudocysts mimicking simple cysts are extremely rare. A 42-year-old Japanese woman was referred with a single pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(10):e14769

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.

Background: Pulmonary carcinoids (PC) are histologically classified into typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC). The diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoid and possibly the differentiation between TC and AC could make a significant effect on the treatment planning as well as prognosis. Several studies have explored the utility of Ga-DOTA-Peptide (Ga-labelled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid]-peptide) and F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of primary pulmonary carcinoids. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2019 Feb 18;19(1):44. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

1st Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, "Sotiria" Hospital, 152 Mesogeion Ave, 115 27, Athens, Greece.

Background: Postpneumonectomy-like syndrome is a rare condition resulting from unilateral lung disease with severe lung volume loss leading to excessive mediastinal shift and herniation of the healthy lung into the contralateral hemithorax, mimicking the mediastinal shift observed in postpneumonectomy syndrome after pneumonectomy. We report a unique case of postpneumonectomy-like syndrome caused by an atypical bronchial carcinoid completely occluding the left main bronchus.

Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman presented with symptoms of chronic exertional dyspnea and productive cough. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jun;104(6):2083-2093

Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Context: Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) belong to neuroendocrine tumors that often overexpress somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). This overexpression provides a molecular basis for tumor imaging and treatment with somatostatin analogs.

Objective: To evaluate SSTR1 to SSTR5 distribution in a large set of PC tumors and to investigate whether the expression is associated with clinicopathological and outcome data. Read More

Neuroendocrinology 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.

Background: There are no effective biomarkers for the management of bronchopulmonary carcinoids (BPC). We examined the utility of a neuroendocrine multigene transcript "liquid biopsy" (NETest) in BPC for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease status.

Aim: To independently validate the utility of the NETest in diagnosis and management of BPC in a multicenter, multinational, blinded study. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2019 Apr;40(4):353-360

Departments of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake on integrated PET [PET/computed tomography (CT)] images and its correlation with nestin expression in a series of neuroendocrine lung tumours. As the incidence of neuroendocrine lung tumours is rising, tools predicting diagnosis, outcome and assisting in the selection of treatment regimens are needed.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed records of patients diagnosed with large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma, atypical carcinoid and typical carcinoid who were operated upon in our institution. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Mar;44(3):e154-e157

Department of Histopathology, HCG Cancer Centre, Bangalore, India.

Atypical lung carcinoids frequently metastasize to mediastinal nodes, liver, bone, lungs, and brain and rarely to ovaries, pancreas, subcutaneous, and skin. Solitary peritoneal metastasis is extremely rare and unreported previously. We present a case of a 36-year-old woman with cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea with detection of lung mass, and incidental detection of pelvic mass. Read More

Endocr J 2019 Feb 19;66(2):175-180. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hypercortisolemia. Cyclic Cushing's syndrome (CCS), which exhibits a periodic or irregular increasing pattern in cortisol, is a rare type of Cushing's syndrome. A 37-year-old man came to our hospital because of repeated dizzy spells, weakness and hypercortisolemia lasting two weeks. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(47):e13286

Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Rationale: Thymic carcinoids are a rare type of malignant neuroendocrine tumors which have a poor prognosis due to their distant metastasis, invasive behaviour, and postoperative recurrence. Surgical resection is still the fundamental mode for treating thymic carcinoids. Here, we report the rapid shrinkage of an atypical thymic carcinoid with multiple metastases following chemoradiation plus octreotide as a first-line therapy PATIENT CONCERNS:: A 39-year-old Chinese man presented with chest tightness, dyspnea with a history of lumbago and untreated malignant thymoma. Read More

Radiographics 2018 Nov-Dec;38(7):2151-2172

From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (J.P.L., E.M.C.) and Department of Pathology (J.P.L., A.R.H., E.M.C.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814; Thoracic Radiology Section (J.P.L., D.M.B.) and Pediatric Radiology Section (D.M.B., E.M.C.), American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (D.M.B.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (B.W.C.); and Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (M.A.P.).

Primary lung tumors in children are rare, with a narrow range of diagnostic considerations. However, the overlapping imaging appearances of these tumors necessitate attention to key discriminating imaging and pathologic features. In the neonate and infant, the important considerations include pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), infantile fibrosarcoma, and fetal lung interstitial tumor. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Dec;43(12):e492-e494

Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma "Sapienza".

We report the case of a 43-year-old man with a history of lung carcinoid and a recent detection of thyroid nodules by ultrasound. The cytological analysis raised the suspicion of medullary thyroid carcinoma; however, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were in reference range. Considering the previous diagnosis of lung carcinoid, the patient underwent whole-body Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. Read More

Endocr J 2018 Dec 20;65(12):1161-1169. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan.

Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is a potentially fatal endocrine disease that results from a variety of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and bronchial typical carcinoid. Typical carcinoid is usually slow growing, not associated with plasma progastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) elevation. Here, we report a 47-year-old female smoker with progressive typical carcinoid and plasma ProGRP elevation. Read More

World J Oncol 2018 Aug 6;9(4):110-114. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, USA.

Recent advances in imaging techniques led to an increase in the incidence of synchronous and metachronous primary lung cancers due to early detection. Management of these patients is challenging and prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor at initial diagnosis and histological type. A 68-year-old African American male patient with medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented to our emergency department with right sided chest pain, worsening dyspnea and dry cough of 2-week duration. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2018 24;25:177-180. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19636, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.

Background: Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion has been associated with many cancers; most commonly small cell carcinoma of the lung and bronchial carcinoid tumors. Usually, patients who confer this diagnosis have poor prognosis.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old female presented with worsening shortness of breath and weakness over three days. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2018 Aug;71(8):593-596

Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Defense Medical Callege, Tokorozawa, Japan.

A 40-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of a nodular shadow detected in the left lower lobe with the tendency to increase gently. Because fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake was extremely low on a FDG positron emission tomography (PET-CT), the tumor was highly suspected of the benign tumor. Five years later, a follow-up computed tomography (CT) showed the shadow to be enlarged. Read More

Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Jul-Aug;33(4):398-403

Freeman Hospital Newcastle, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Introduction: Carcinoid heart disease most frequently involves the tricuspid or, more rarely, the pulmonary valve and presents with right heart failure as 5-HT is metabolized by the lung. Left-sided valve involvement is quite rare. We describe our experience of 3 patients presenting with heart failure secondary to carcinoid heart disease affecting all four cardiac valves. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Jul;10(7):3928-3939

Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Background: Broncho-pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (bpNETs) are rare malignancies and there is no consensus on therapeutical management of metastatic disease and follow-up after radical resection.

Methods: Clinical records of patients with a cytological or histological diagnosis of bpNETs and distant metastases (metachronous or synchronous), evaluated at the European Institute of Oncology between 1997 and 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. Data on patient demographics, pathology, imaging exams, surgical and non-surgical treatments were collected. Read More

Oncologist 2018 Aug 29. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

Background: The clinical relevance of molecular biomarkers in oncology management has been recognized in breast and lung cancers. We evaluated a blood-based multigene assay for management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a real-world study (U.S. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(34):e11924

Division of Radiology.

We sought to assess the use of an electro pulmonary nodule (EPN) scanner (FreshMedx, Salt Lake City, UT) in the noninvasive characterization of pulmonary nodules using transcutaneous bioconductance.Monocentric prospective study including patients with a pulmonary nodule identified on a chest computed tomography scan. Study protocol approved by the institutional review board and written consent was obtained for every patient. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2018 Mar;71(3):236-239

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu, Japan.

We report a case of an atypical pulmonary carcinoid with high serum ProGRP. A 78-year-old man was found to have an abnormal shadow by a chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the right middle lobe, which was homogeneous, well demarcated, and round. Read More

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018 06;47(2):409-425

Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK. Electronic address:

Despite modern imaging techniques, differentiating ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome from pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, Cushing's disease, is especially difficult when well-differentiated carcinoids are the source of ACTH secretion, particularly pulmonary carcinoid tumors. ACTH-secreting pulmonary carcinoids, like the corticotroph adenomas causing Cushing's disease, are often small and difficult to detect, and patients present with a gradual onset of the classical signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, indistinguishable from the presentation of Cushing's disease. Hence, the differential diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment, dynamic biochemical tests, inferior petrosal sinus sampling, and multimodal imaging, each with its own caveats and pitfalls. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Jan;64(1):15-18

Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Documenta - Hospital São Francisco, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

We describe the case of a female patient, 21 years old, complaining of dyspnea attacks and wheezing 2 years ago. Chest radiography showed volume loss in the left lower lobe and ipsilateral retrocardiac triangular basal opacity. CT scan showed an extensive solid mass with apex protruding into the left main and lower lobar bronchi, causing distal atelectasis. Read More

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018 07 26;45(7):1155-1169. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

LuGenIum Consortium, Milan, Rotterdam, London, Bad Berka, 54 Portland Place, London, W1B1DY, UK.

Background: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) utilizes somatostatin receptor (SSR) overexpression on neuroendocrine tumors (NET) to deliver targeted radiotherapy. Intensity of uptake at imaging is considered related to efficacy but has low sensitivity. A pretreatment strategy to determine individual PRRT response remains a key unmet need. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Mar;28(3):S39-S41

Medical Student, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Diagnosing endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) can be difficult due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms that differentiate it from other respiratory diseases, such as lung tumors. We hereby report a case of a very rare presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in a patient who presented with a dry cough and significant weight loss for 3 months. Chest X-ray and CT scan of the chest showed partial atelectasis and a segmental collapse of the right upper lobe and tumor-like arising from its bronchus along with a large right para-tracheal mediastinal lymphadenopathy, mimicking a metastatic (N2) disease. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jan;97(2):e9415

Department of Pulmonology.

Rationale: Carcinoid tumors are derived from neuroendocrine cells and are most frequently found in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system. They are generally characterized by an indolent clinical course but may in some instances spread to regional lymph nodes or to distant sites. Subcutaneous metastases of carcinoid tumors are extremely rare; there are only few cases reported in the literature and the site of the primary tumor was mainly the gastrointestinal tract. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018 May 6;88(5):683-691. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia.

Context: Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (bpNETs) and thymic carcinoid (ThC) are features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1), and surveillance guidelines recommend periodic thoracic imaging. The optimal thoracic imaging modality and screening frequency remain uncertain as does the prognosis of small lung nodules when identified.

Objectives: To evaluate fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG PET/CT) for identification and prognostic assessment of thoracic lesions in MEN 1. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2018 05;42(5):646-655

Laboratory of Medicine, Pathology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.

The diagnostic criteria of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) are not well defined, and DIPNECH can be mistaken for carcinoids associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (NECH). In this study, we compared clinical, radiologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of DIPNECH and isolated carcinoids with/without NECH. The study population included 151 cases (77 female patients and 74 male patients), 19 with DIPNECH and 132 with carcinoids with/without NECH. Read More

Clin Radiol 2018 05 6;73(5):479-484. Epub 2018 Jan 6.

Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Aim: To investigate the clinical and image features of thymic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), and characterise the radiological patterns of recurrence and metastasis on serial imaging studies.

Materials And Methods: The study included 14 patients (11 males) with a histopathological diagnosis of thymic NETs (one typical carcinoid, eight atypical carcinoid, and five large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma). Preoperative images were assessed for features of primary tumours. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2017 Dec 28;18:1390-1395. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

Diagnostic Radiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND Intrapulmonary carcinoid tumors (ICTs) are malignant, slow-growing tumors classified as either: i) typical, less aggressive, well-differentiated tumors or ii) atypical, more aggressive, poorly-differentiated tumors. Most typical carcinoid tumors originate in the central airway and present with symptoms related to bronchial obstruction. In contrast, atypical carcinoids tend to occur more peripherally and are generally detected incidentally as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). Read More

Pancreas 2018 01;47(1):122-129

Objectives: Presacral neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare entities that are found at the presacral space. We report our experience in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of primary presacral NENs.

Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of medical records and surgical pathology specimens of patients with a diagnosis of NENs at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center between January 2000 and April 2016. Read More

Wiad Lek 2017;70(5):1005-1012

Oddział Chorob Wewnętrznych, Centrum Pulmonologii I Torakochirurgii, Bystra, Polska.

Introduction: Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are present in the normal lungs with the incidence of 1 in 2500 epithelial cells. They usually proliferate in the presence of reactive processes related to inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. The division of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia proposed by Travis et al. Read More

Indian J Cancer 2017 Jan-Mar;54(1):213-214

Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

PET Clin 2018 Jan 23;13(1):73-81. Epub 2017 Oct 23.

Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:

F18 Flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a nonspecific PET tracer representing tumor energy metabolism, with common false-positive and false-negative findings in clinical practice. Non-small cell lung cancer is highly heterogeneous histologically, biologically, and molecularly. Novel PET tracers designed to characterize a specific aspect of tumor biology or a pathway-specific molecular target have the potential to provide noninvasive key information in tumor heterogeneity for patient stratification and in the assessment of treatment response. Read More

PET Clin 2018 Jan 20;13(1):11-18. Epub 2017 Oct 20.

Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, University Hospital, 150 Bergen Street, H141, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. Electronic address:

Some malignant lung neoplasms may demonstrate low or absent uptake on F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography. Pathologic type and clinical stage are independent factors associated with FDG avidity. Among lung malignancies with low FDG avidity, adenocarcinoma in situ and carcinoid are the most common. Read More

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018 03;53(3):631-639

Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Objectives: The management of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (BPNETs) is difficult, since imaging, histology and biomarkers have a limited value in diagnosis, predicting outcome and defining therapeutic efficacy. We evaluated a NET multigene blood test (NETest) to diagnose BPNETs, assess disease status and evaluate surgical resection.

Methods: (i) Diagnostic cohort: BP carcinoids (n = 118)-typical carcinoid, n = 67 and atypical carcinoid, n = 51; other lung NEN (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma, n = 13); adenocarcinoma, (n = 26); squamous cell carcinoma (n = 23); controls (n = 90) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 18). Read More

Lung Cancer Manag 2017 Nov 26;6(2):41-45. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1192 East Newport Center Drive, Suite 100, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442-7753, USA.

We report the case of a patient initially diagnosed with a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, which 5 years later was determined to have a low-grade typical carcinoid. The patient received radiotherapy and numerous chemotherapy regimens for treatment of a high-grade metastatic mixed large and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, without a significant response to any treatment. Subsequent imaging revealed widely metastatic disease and computed tomography-guided biopsy demonstrated a carcinoid tumor with no necrosis. Read More

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Jun 26;24(3):147-150. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.

An anterior mediastinal tumor was detected in a 45-year-old female during a medical checkup. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed the anterior mediastinal tumor and a pulmonary tumor in the right lower lobe. Furthermore, tumors of the parathyroid gland, pancreas, and pituitary gland were also detected. Read More

Lung 2017 12 11;195(6):789-798. Epub 2017 Oct 11.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.

Background: Histological subdivision into typical (TC) and atypical (AC) is crucial for treatment and prognosis of lung carcinoids but can be also very challenging, even for experts. In this study, we aimed to strengthen or reduce the prognostic value of several pathological, clinical, or per-operative factors some of which are still controversial.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records related to 195 patients affected by TC (159) or AC (36) surgically treated between 2000 and 2014, in three different centers. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2017 Nov 19;104(5):1741-1747. Epub 2017 Sep 19.

Department of Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Background: The resection of the tracheobronchial bifurcation with complete preservation of lung parenchyma remains a challenge owing to the limited indications for surgery, anesthesiologic management, operative technique, and postoperative course. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate factors influencing the perioperative course and long-term survival.

Methods: Between 1989 and 2014, 19 patients underwent a resection of the distal trachea and carina with complete preservation of lung tissue, 16 for malignant tumors (7 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3 carcinoid tumors, 3 mucoepidermoid tumors, 2 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1 small cell carcinomas), 2 for inflammatory stenosis, and 1 after a complex traumatic rupture. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2017 Aug;9(8):E669-E673

Division of Angiology, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Carcinoid tumors account for 2% of primary lung tumors. We report two cases of the relatively young patients with typical and atypical carcinoid (AC) tumors that were managed successfully with a parenchymal-sparing bronchoplastic procedure. Read More

Acta Clin Belg 2018 Aug 12;73(4):298-304. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

a Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Endocrinology , AZ Sint-Jan Hospital , Bruges , Belgium.

Objectives: Paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome is a rare condition, representing a small fraction of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent cases of Cushing syndrome Methods: Four case descriptions and literature review, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and treatment options are presented.

Results: Different tumor types can be associated with ectopic ACTH secretion. The most common types are bronchial carcinoids and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Read More

In Vivo 2017 Sep-Oct;31(5):1023-1025

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), London, U.K.

Background: Bronchial carcinoid tumors (BCTs) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung that mainly have a central distribution. They are classified as typical and atypical, with the former variant generally conferring a more favorable survival. Central tumors are usually symptomatic with features of bronchial obstruction, whereas peripheral tumors may remain silent. Read More

Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017 Dec;18(4):433-442

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung are divided into 4 major types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), atypical carcinoid (AC) or typical carcinoid (TC). Each classification has distinctly different treatment paradigms, making an accurate initial diagnosis essential. The inconsistent clinical presentation of this disease, however, makes this difficult. Read More

Can J Cardiol 2017 10 16;33(10):1336.e9-1336.e12. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK; Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK. Electronic address:

We present a case of a patient with intramyocardial metastases from a carcinoid tumor. These findings were detected using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, with functional metabolic activity analyzed using nuclear imaging and confirmed by histologic findings at surgical biopsy. This case highlights the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and the importance of multimodality imaging. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017 Aug;39(8):600-606

Department of Pathology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China.

To study imaging features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PHNEN) with CT and MRI. CT/MRI findings of ten patients with pathologically confirmed PHNEN were retrospectively analyzed. The result was compared with pathologic features classified by the 2010 WHO classification of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor which was also compared with the conventional method. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Aug;96(34):e7870

aDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou b3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China.

Rationale: Typical pulmonary carcinoid is a kind of low-grade malignancy neuroendocrine tumor. Cushing's syndrome is a very rare clinical feature of typical pulmonary carcinoid caused by hypercorticism. Complete tumor resection is the standard curative treatment for primary typical pulmonary carcinoid. Read More

Neuroendocrinology 2018 17;106(3):264-273. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

Background: The natural history and the best modality of follow-up of atypical lung carcinoids (AC) remain ill defined. The aim of this study was to analyze recurrence-free survival (RFS) after complete resection (R0) of stage I-III pulmonary AC. Secondary objectives were prognostic parameters, the location of recurrences, and the modality of follow-up. Read More

Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017 08 10;18(9):54. Epub 2017 Aug 10.

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.

Opinion Statement: Lung carcinosarcoma (PCS) and other histological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer, such as primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL), pulmonary carcinoid (PC), and primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), are rare. For their low incidence, the diagnosis and treatment are still controversial. Some patients only need surgery, while others may need chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy. Read More

Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017 Jun;6(3):387-392

Department of Radiology, Saint Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA.

Atypical lung carcinoids are intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with malignant potential. They are often detected incidentally on imaging done for non-related causes, as the patients are frequently asymptomatic. Histopathology is required to confirm the diagnosis with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Read More