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Front Oncol 2022 7;12:911294. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: () rearrangements are known oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Few case reports described the occurrence of such rearrangements in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) of the lung without information on clinical responses to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in these cases. Currently, neuroendocrine tumors of the lungs are not screened for rearrangements. Read More

JCO Precis Oncol 2022 Jun;6:e2200009

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

J Endocr Soc 2022 Jul 3;6(7):bvac083. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Acromegaly due to ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is rare. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the primary tumor, cytostatic therapy, "cold" or radioactive somatostatin analogue treatment, and medical therapy for acromegaly, if needed. A 53 year-old female had an ocular lesion noted on a routine optician visit, originally considered to be an ocular melanoma. Read More

Ecancermedicalscience 2022 31;16:1369. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Post Graduate Program, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Preclinical studies have suggested that metformin has anti-tumour effects, likely due to blockage of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and decreased insulin levels. A retrospective study showed that metformin added to everolimus to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus offered longer progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NET).

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of metformin monotherapy in patients with advanced/metastatic well-differentiated NET (WD-NET) of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) or pulmonary origin. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 May 25;14(11). Epub 2022 May 25.

Thoracic Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Background: A prognostic score including T-dimension, age, histology and lymph node ratio was previously proposed in absence of an external validation dataset. The aim of the current study was to validate the proposed prognostic score using an independent dataset.

Methods: Data of patients with lung carcinoids, who underwent surgical resection and lymphadenectomy in five institutions from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Oncotarget 2022 1;13:800-809. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.

Background: Novel targets in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are needed to improve outcome. The presence of O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in NETs and NECs may act as a predictive marker for response on treatment with temozolomide. As anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) plays an important role in the nervous system we hypothesized that ALK rearrangement can act as a biomarker in patients with NETs and NECs. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2022 27;38:101679. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hiroshima City Hospital Organization Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.

Typical pulmonary carcinoid (TC) tumors are low-grade neuroendocrine tumors and usually detected as indolent solitary tumors. We herein report a case of multiple pulmonary carcinoid tumors and tumorlets localized in the right lower lobe with no underlying lung disorders suggesting diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). A 28-year-old man with multiple 1-to-8-mm pulmonary nodules in the peripheral pulmonary parenchyma of the right lower lobe was referred to our hospital. Read More

Oncologist 2022 03;27(2):e116-e125

The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

Background: Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) include typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The optimal treatment strategy for each subtype remains elusive, partly due to the lack of comprehensive understanding of their molecular features. We aimed to explore differential genomic signatures in pNET subtypes and identify potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Read More

J Nucl Med 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), France.

To compare the respective value of Ga-DOTATOC and F-DOPA PET/CT for initial staging or pre-surgical work-up of patients with small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (SiNET). This is a retrospective, multicenter, non-interventional investigation involving 53 non-operated SiNET patients who underwent both Ga-DOTATOC and F-DOPA PET/CT within a 6-months interval without therapeutic intervention or change between the two PET/CT studies. Detection rate (DR %) was calculated according to per-region and per-lesion analyses. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 05 11;15(5). Epub 2022 May 11.

Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Endocrine 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Purpose: Carcinoid heart disease (CHD) is a life-threatening complication of carcinoid syndrome (CS) characterised by tricuspid regurgitation (TR). However, there is an unmet need for earlier diagnosis of CHD. We cross-sectionally assessed the prevalence and potential predictive or diagnostic markers for CS and CHD in a contemporary cohort of patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs). Read More

Endocr Pathol 2022 Jun;33(2):333

Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, via Roma 67, 56100, Pisa, Italy.

J Surg Oncol 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Thoracic Surgery, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Objective: To investigate risk factors for nodal upstaging in patients with lung carcinoids and to understand which type of lymphadenectomy is most appropriate.

Methods: Data regarding patients with lung carcinoids, who underwent surgical resection and lymphadenectomy in five institutions from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2019, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and pathological tumor characteristics were correlated to analyze lymph node upstaging. Read More

Eur J Cancer 2022 Jul 2;169:74-81. Epub 2022 May 2.

Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Higher grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (NENs) continues to pose a treatment dilemma, with the optimal treatment undefined. Although immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of many cancers, its role in NENs remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of avelumab, a PD-L1-directed antibody, in patients with advanced unresectable/metastatic higher grade NENs. Read More

J Neuroendocrinol 2022 Apr 12. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

National Centre for Neuroendocrine Tumours, ENETS Centre of Excellence, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Lutetium peptide receptor radio nuclide therapy (Lu-PRRT) is an effective treatment for progressive, metastatic, somatostatin-receptor-positive, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (WD-NETs). Here, we report a single centre experience of real-world efficacy, long-term side effects, and challenges of this treatment. This was a retrospective analysis. Read More

Pathologica 2022 Apr;114(2):164-169

Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Metastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare event. To date, only 11 cases of metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) originating in the lung have been reported. We present a case of a patient in his 40s harboring two nodules in the thyroid gland that were diagnosed as well-differentiated NET (G1). Read More

Indian J Nucl Med 2022 Jan-Mar;37(1):103-104. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is an exceedingly rare neoplasm of the lung. These tumors are usually slow growing with a benign disease course but can easily be mistaken for carcinoid tumors or adenocarcinoma in cytology or histopathology specimens. Rare occurrences of metastases have been reported in the literature making F-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography useful for the evaluation of these tumors. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2022 May 22;10(5):e0951. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Department of Respiratory Medicine Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital Fukuoka Japan.

Atypical carcinoid tumours are relatively rare among lung cancers. Surgery is regarded as standard treatment for localized cases, but there is little established evidence on treatment strategies for advanced cases. Moreover, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced carcinoid tumours is unclear. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2022 Apr 20;22(1):105. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare disease and could originate from throughout the body, however, there have been little epidemiological studies in Japan, especially the organ distribution. This study was to examine the epidemiological information of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Japanese population using data from a hospital-based cancer registry.

Methods: Using data from the national database of hospital-based cancer registries, we examined the organ distribution, the stage and initial treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms newly diagnosed and treated in designated and non-designated cancer care hospitals between 2009 and 2015. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2022 Apr 11;2022(4):rjac094. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

General Surgery Department, King Faisal Special Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia.

Diverticulum of the appendix is uncommon cause of right iliac fossa pain and inflammation with delayed diagnosis and high risk of complications, as it mimics acute appendicitis. Here we present a case of an elderly male patient who had lung cancer post-treatment. During the follow-up, appendicle lesion was discovered and suspected to be mucinous appendix. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2022 ;82(2):297-299

Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Lung tumorlets are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms of 0.5 cm or less in diameter that extend beyond the basement membrane. Although they are associated with bronchiectasis and fibrosis they tend to be asymptomatic and behave in a benign way, usually being diagnosed as incidental microscopic nests of neuroendocrine cells in lung tissue. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 Mar 31;14(7). Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

(1) Background: retreatment with radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogues following disease progression after initial treatment cycles is often referred to as salvage peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (salvage PRRT). Salvage PRRT is shown to have a favorable safety profile in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but numerous questions about the efficacy and prognostic or predictive factors remain to be answered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two parameters that have shown prognostic significance in progression-free survival (PFS) in initial PRRT treatment, namely the size of the largest lesion (LLS) and the De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), as prognostic factors in the context of salvage PRRT. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 Mar 29;14(7). Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, 06000 Nice, France.

The histological distinction of lung neuroendocrine carcinoma, including small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), can be challenging in some cases, while bearing prognostic and therapeutic significance. To assist pathologists with the differentiation of histologic subtyping, we applied a deep learning classifier equipped with a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. Slides of primary lung SCLC, LCNEC and AC were obtained from the Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology (University Hospital Nice, France). Read More

Biomed Res Int 2022 30;2022:1707914. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Shandong First Medical University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression of neuronal transcription factor SOX11 in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and compare it with the expression of CD56 (nerve cell adhesion molecule), synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) to explore the application value of SOX11 in the pathological diagnosis of SCLC.

Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of SOX11, TTF-1, CD56, Syn, and CgA in 120 lung tumor tissues, and experimental results were analyzed using SPSS23.0 statistical software. Read More

Acta Cytol 2022 Apr 7:1-10. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is used to investigate pulmonary nodules, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and mediastinal masses in both malignant and nonmalignant etiologies. EBUS-TBNA is most commonly used in the diagnosis and staging of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in the middle-age and elderly populations. As lung cancer is uncommon in young adults, it is assumed that there are a distinct disease population and clinical background in young adults who undergo EBUS-TBNA. Read More

J Comp Eff Res 2022 05 7;11(7):523-531. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.

To assess the impact of sex on the outcomes of patients with well-differentiated lung neuroendocrine neoplasms in a real-world setting. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Research Plus database (2000-2018) was accessed, and patients with a diagnosis of typical or atypical carcinoid of the lung were reviewed. Trends in age-standardized rates (per 100,000) of the incidence of lung carcinoid tumors were reviewed among male and female patients as well as the overall population, and annual percent change (APC) was determined for the three groups. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2022 05 6;13(10):1537-1540. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are low-grade malignant and lung-sparing surgery is preferred for the removal of these tumors. We describe a surgical technique of robot-assisted sleeve segmentectomy via single utility port approach with three robotic arms. This operation was performed in an aged patient with decreased pulmonary function, whose carcinoid tumor was located at the origin of the right superior segmental bronchus. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 16;14(2):e22276. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.

Atypical carcinoids are a rare subset of neuroendocrine tumors that originate from cells within the bronchopulmonary tree. Compared to typical carcinoids, atypical carcinoids are associated with a worse prognosis. fusions are reported in 5% of non-small cell lung carcinoma, but are rare in atypical carcinoids with only five previously reported cases. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 23;14(2):e22552. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU.

We report a rare case of multiple primary malignancies, double primary lung cancers, and synchronous colon cancer. Double primary lung cancers were synchronous with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid (carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma). The patient subsequently underwent two surgeries, for lung and colon cancer, followed by four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed treatment for the lung adenocarcinoma, with an uneventful chemotherapy course. Read More

J Surg Res 2022 07 24;275:352-360. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas. Electronic address:

Background: The optimal extent of resection for a patient with a typical carcinoid tumor has been controversial. Studies suggest that wedge resection is an adequate oncologic operation for this tumor type.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the National Cancer Database to determine an optimal surgical resection for patients with a typical carcinoid tumor. Read More