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Ann Thorac Surg 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. Electronic address:

Background: It is unclear whether the enhanced dexterity and visualization of the surgical robot lessens morbidity and influences staging or survival. We compared outcomes of robotic-assisted lobectomy (RAL) with thoracoscopic (VAL) or open lobectomy (OL) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Using a prospective surgical database, perioperative and cancer related outcomes of patients who received a lobectomy for NSCLC from 2011-2017 were analyzed. Read More

Hepatology 2019 Apr 20. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Pathology, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor that acts by preventing programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) from binding to the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) receptor, is utilized to treat a variety of cancers including renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic melanoma. Currently, nivolumab is FDA-approved as a second-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after showing efficacy in patients who progressed on or were intolerant to sorafenib. This article is protected by copyright. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Pulmonary chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGvHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by impairment of the small airways. Assessment of lung clearance index (LCI) gained from multiple breath washout (MBW) is more sensitive than spirometry in detection of small airways disease. The aim of this study was to describe the development of LCI during the first year after pediatric HSCT and how LCI relates to other pulmonary function parameters and cGvHD. Read More

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, U.S.A.

Bevacizumab-pemetrexed/cisplatin (BEV-PEM/CIS) is a first line therapeutic for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Bevacizumab potentiates PEM/CIS cytotoxicity by inducing transient tumor vasculature normalization. BEV-PEM/CIS has a narrow therapeutic window. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive subtype of pulmonary carcinomas with high mortality. However, chemotherapy drug resistance and high recurrence rates hinder the curative effect of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy, which makes it urgent to develop new antitumor drugs for NSCLC. 9za, a new candidate drug synthesized by our research group, has been verified with potent antilung cancer activity in preliminary experiments. Read More

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istinye University Medical Faculty, Liv Hospital Ulus, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: The aim of this study was to discuss indications and outcomes for conversion to thoracotomy during thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer between January 2012 and December 2016 were evaluated retrospectively. The study included 129 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (group-V) and 18 patients converted from thoracoscopic lobectomy to thoracotomy due to unexpected intraoperative complications (group-T). Read More

Exp Mol Med 2019 Apr 19;51(4):46. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.

Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) is a negative regulator of the Rho family that converts the small GTP-binding protein RhoA (GTP-RhoA) to its inactive GDP-bound form and is a putative tumor suppressor gene associated with cell growth and migration. Here, the involvement of ARHGAP26 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration was investigated. In this study, low ARHGAP26 expression was observed in ovarian cancer tissues and was associated with a poor overall survival and higher β-catenin expression in patients with ovarian cancer. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Apr 18;20(8). Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.

Immunotherapy using immune checkpoints inhibitors has become the standard treatment for first and second line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, proper predictive factors allowing precise qualification of NSCLC patients for immunotherapy have not been developed so far. Expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and tumor mutation burden are used in qualification of patients to first line therapy with pembrolizumab and atezolizumab in combination with ipilimumab in prospective clinical trials. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Apr 19:1-9. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

4Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China.

OBJECTIVEAlthough glucose metabolism reengineering is a typical feature of various tumors, including glioma, key regulators of glycolytic reprogramming are still poorly understood. The authors sought to investigate whether glycolysis inhibition by microRNA (miR)-448 increases radiosensitivity in glioma cells.METHODSThe authors used glioma tissue samples from glioma patients, cells from glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and normal human astrocyte cells, and subcutaneous tumor-bearing U87 cells in mice to examine the effects of signaling regulation by miR-448 in the response of glioma tissues and cells to radiation treatment. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2019 Apr 11;88:102925. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India. Electronic address:

Cisplatin or (SP-4-2)-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) is one of the most potential and widely used drugs for the treatment of various solid cancers such as testicular, ovarian, head and neck, bladder, lung, cervical cancer, melanoma, lymphomas and several others. Cisplatin exerts anticancer activity via multiple mechanisms but its most acceptable mechanism involves generation of DNA lesions by interacting with purine bases on DNA followed by activation of several signal transduction pathways which finally lead to apoptosis. However, side effects and drug resistance are the two inherent challenges of cisplatin which limit its application and effectiveness. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.

Introduction: We used phase-3 CONVERT trial data to investigate the impact of fludeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: CONVERT randomized limited-stage SCLC patients to twice-daily (45Gy in 30-fractions) or once-daily (66Gy in 33-fractions) chemoradiotherapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups in this unplanned analysis: those staged with conventional imaging (contrast-enhanced thorax and abdomen CT and brain imaging with/without bone scintigraphy) and those staged with F-FDG PET/CT in addition. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou; China.

In 2018 research in the field of advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) led to an expanded reach and impact of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as part of frontline treatment strategy, regardless of histology subtype, while ICI use was extended to include stage III disease, shifting the prognosis of all these patients. This new standard first-line approach opens a gap in standard second-line treatment, and older combinations may again become standard care after progression on ICIs. The characterization of predictive biomarkers, patient selection, the definition of strategies with ICI combinations upon progression on ICIs, as well as prospective evaluation of the efficacy of ICIs in subpopulations (such as patients with poor performance status or brain metastases) represent upcoming challenges in advanced thoracic malignancies. Read More

PLoS One 2019 19;14(4):e0214599. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.

Purpose: Oligometastasis is a state in which cancer patients have a limited number of metastatic tumors; patients with oligometastases survive longer than those with polymetastases. Extensive disease (ED)-small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is considered a systemic disease and a poor survival. This study investigated whether the concept of oligometastases is prognostic factor also applicable to patients with ED-SCLC. Read More

Med Phys 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.

Purpose: Histological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are crucial for systematic treatment decisions. However, the current studies which used non-invasive radiomic methods to classify NSCLC histology subtypes mainly focused on two main subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC), while multi-subtype classifications that included the other two subtypes of NSCLC: large cell carcinoma (LCC) and not otherwise specified (NOS), were very few in the previous studies. The aim of this work is to establish a multi-subtype classification model for the four main subtypes of NSCLC and improve the classification performance and generalization ability compared with previous studies. Read More

Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

d Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.

Introduction: The systemic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed dramatically with the identification of actionable mutations and the use of targeted agents. Unfortunately, many tumors will acquire resistance and >75% of NSCLC cases lack for an actionable gene aberration. In this setting, immunotherapy rises as effective therapeutic where immune checkpoint inhibitors have entered or are entering the market in many neoplasms, including NSCLC. Read More

Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 49 (USP49) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in several tumors, but its function and molecular mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. In this study, USP49 was found downregulated in NSCLC primary tissues and cell lines, and high USP49 predicted a positive index for the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Overexpression of USP49 downregulated the expression levels of Cyclin D1, and upregulated p53 expression. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 Apr 18;10(1):1812. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors harboring mutations in EGFR ultimately relapse to therapy with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). Here, we show that resistant cells without the p.T790M or other acquired mutations are sensitive to the Aurora B (AURKB) inhibitors barasertib and S49076. Read More

Respir Investig 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.

Approximately 20-25% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is diagnosed when the disease has progressed to clinical stage III. At this stage, and even if the cancer is considered unresectable, the treatment strategy should aim to achieve a cure. At the time of the initial diagnosis, it is necessary for medical oncologists to devise the best treatment strategy for each patient by composing a multidisciplinary treatment team including thoracic surgeons and radiation oncologists. Read More

Phys Med 2019 Apr 27;60:58-65. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Hälsovägen 11C, SE-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.

Purpose: To explore prognostic and predictive values of a novel quantitative feature set describing intra-tumor heterogeneity in patients with lung cancer treated with concurrent and sequential chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Longitudinal PET-CT images of 30 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were analysed. To describe tumor cell heterogeneity, the tumors were partitioned into one to ten concentric regions depending on their sizes, and, for each region, the change in average intensity between the two scans was calculated for PET and CT images separately to form the proposed feature set. Read More

Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019 Apr 18;39(1):20. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100011, P. R. China.

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Apr 15;114:108662. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy Of Science , Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MicroRNA-219a-5p (miR-219a-5p) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in several cancers, but whether it regulates chemosensitivity in NSCLC remains unclear. Here, using quantitative real time PCR analysis, we observed that miR-219a-5p was down-regulated in responding tumor tissues compared with that in non-responding tumor tissues from NSCLC patients received DDP-based chemotherapy. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042 Australia.

Introduction: There is substantial variability in survival and response outcomes for patients using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and predictive markers are required to guide treatment decisions. A lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) was recently developed to predict ICI treatment outcomes and we aim to evaluate whether LIPI is predictive of survival and response for patients treated with atezolizumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Pooled analysis of patient-level data of four clinical trials of atezolizumab for NSCLC. Read More

Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Nuclear Medicine Department, Firat University Medical Faculty, Elazığ, Turkey.

In some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, lipid-poor adrenal adenomas cannot be adequately differentiated from metastases using imaging methods. Invasive diagnostic procedures also have a low negative predictive value (NPV) in such cases. The current study aims to establish a specific and clinically practical metabolic parameter for lipid-poor adrenal lesions (ALs) in NSCLC patients. Read More

Cancer Med 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of deaths related to cancer and accounts for more than a million deaths per year. Various new strategies have been developed and adapted for treatment; still the survival for 5 years is just 16% in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most of these strategies to combat NSCLC whether it is a drug molecule or immunotherapy/vaccine candidate require a big cost and time. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S448-S452

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S443-S445

Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S381-S384

Medical Oncology Department, Centro Integral Oncología Clara Campal Barcelona, HM-Delfos, Barcelona, Spain.

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S337-S340

Division of Radiotherapy, Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy.

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S249-S252

Thoracic Oncology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini, Perugia, Italy.

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S241-S244

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Respirol Case Rep 2019 Jul 6;7(5):e00420. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Surgery Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire USA.

Malignant tension hydrothorax is rare. Here we present a malignant tension hydrothorax secondary to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this entity. Read More

Chem Sci 2019 Mar 22;10(10):3089-3095. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China . Email: ; ; Tel: +86 25 89684549.

Mitochondria are potential therapeutic targets for anticancer drugs. A series of mitochondrion-targeted monofunctional platinum complexes, [Pt(-PPhCHPy)(NH)Cl](NO) (OPT), [Pt(-PPhCHPy)(NH)Cl](NO) (MPT), and [Pt(-PPhCHPy)(NH)Cl](NO) (PPT) (PPh = triphenylphosphonium, Py = pyridine), are studied in this article. The antitumor activity and mechanism of action have been investigated and as well as on molecular levels. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 Apr 17;10(1):1883. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94805, France.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Lin Xia, which was incorrectly given as Xia Lin. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Read More

Tohoku J Exp Med 2019 04;247(4):247-250

Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital.

Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), is the standard second-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the current immunotherapy era, it is often difficult to evaluate the therapeutic effect, disease progression, and pseudo-enlargement of the tumor or the emergence of another etiology. In the present report, we describe a 79-year-old patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) newly detected during nivolumab treatment for recurrent NSCLC. Read More

Oncologist 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy.

Background: Nivolumab has shown a survival benefit compared with docetaxel as second-line treatment for patients with previously treated advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a randomized phase III trial. The experiences of patients and physicians in routine clinical practice are often different from those in a controlled clinical trial setting. We present data from the entire Italian cohort of patients with squamous NSCLC enrolled in a worldwide nivolumab NSCLC expanded access program. Read More

Biol Res 2019 Apr 17;52(1):24. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.

Background: To analyze the relative expression of PELI3 and its mechanistic involvement in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: PELI3 expression in NSCLC tissue samples was determined by the immunohistochemistry. The transcripts abundance of PELI3 was measured with real-time PCR. Read More

Oncol Res Treat 2019 Apr 17;42(5):243-254. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.

Background: Anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab is an approved therapy option for the treatment of advanced squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer (SQ-NSCLC) patients. Data outside clinical trials about therapy efficacy and safety in later therapy line treatments have rarely been described until now.

Methods: We performed a retrospective data analysis of patients who were enrolled into the nivolu-mab Compassionate Use Program (CUP) in Germany. Read More

Cell Rep 2019 Apr;27(3):806-819.e5

Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address:

KRAS is one of the driver oncogenes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but remains refractory to current modalities of targeted pathway inhibition, which include inhibiting downstream kinase MEK to circumvent KRAS activation. Here, we show that pulsatile, rather than continuous, treatment with MEK inhibitors (MEKis) maintains T cell activation and enables their proliferation. Two MEKis, selumetinib and trametinib, induce T cell activation with increased CTLA-4 expression and, to a lesser extent, PD-1 expression on T cells in vivo after cyclical pulsatile MEKi treatment. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2019 Apr 17:JCO1802118. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

1 European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Curr Protoc Immunol 2019 Apr 17:e73. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous family of lymphocytes that populate barrier and non-barrier tissues. ILCs regulate immune responses to pathogens and commensals but also sustain metabolic homeostasis, tissue remodeling after injury and establish dialogue with the nervous system. ILCs rapidly become activated in the absence of adaptive antigen receptors by responding to signaling molecules provided by hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells. Read More

Anal Chem 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Circulating microRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and prediction of several diseases. Their use in clinical diagnostics has been limited by the lack of suitable detection techniques. Most of the current tech-nologies suffer from requiring complex protocols, not yet able to deliver robust and cost-effective assays in the field of clinical diagnostics. Read More

Int J Biol Markers 2019 Apr 17:1724600819834235. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

5 Division of Laboratory Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano Milan, Italy.

Background: Testing for circulating biomarkers in lung cancer is hampered by the insufficient specificity. We aimed to assess the relative diagnostic accuracy of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) for the differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer and compare it with more conventional biomarkers.

Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 390 patients with a clinical suspicion of lung cancer and for whom a histologic assessment was available. Read More

Future Med Chem 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia.

Bioanalysis 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100032, PR China.

BPI15086 is a potent, irreversible mutant-selective inhibitor of both EGFR (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and the T790M resistance mutations tyrosine kinase. A simultaneous quantification method of BPI15086 and its main metabolite in human plasma using LC-MS/MS is documented and fully validated in this study. Plasma samples were extracted and chromatographed on an Acquity ultra-high performance liquid chromatography BEH C18 column with a gradient elution. Read More

Cancer Med 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a detrimental complication of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the optimal therapeutic approach for LM patients is in shortage. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of NSCLC patients with LM.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of NSCLC patients with LM at the Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between July 2014 and March 2018. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.

Background: Combined small cell lung cancer (C-SCLC) is rare and its clinical features, appropriate treatment, and prognosis are poorly understood. Reports conflict over the prognosis of C-SCLCs compared to pure small cell lung cancer.

Methods: The records of patients diagnosed with primary SCLC from 1988 to 2014 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: Crizotinib is associated with a favorable survival benefit in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, a subset of patients harboring ALK rearrangement shows a poor response.

Methods: We collected the clinical features and survival outcomes of 28 primary-resistant responders (PRR) with progression-free survival (PFS) of < 3 months on crizotinib and compared these with 78 long-term responders (LTR) that achieved > 24 months PFS (control).

Results: Primary resistance was observed in 6. Read More

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Centre, Komagome Hospital, Honkomagome 3-18-22, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0021, Japan.

Background: Few studies have investigated the clinical efficacy of third- and later-line of chemotherapy after standard chemotherapy for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) following standard chemotherapies for previously treated advanced NSCLC.

Methods: The eligible patients having adequate organ functions with performance status 0-2 were enrolled after completing standard chemotherapy. Read More

Arch Toxicol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, 3302 Health Sciences Center, HSC South, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.

The T790M mutation is recognized as a typical mechanism of acquired resistance to first generation of epithermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who are commonly treated by third generation of EGFR-TKI AZD9291 (osimertinib). However, the therapeutic strategy for overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients without T790M remains to be definitively determined. In the present study, gefitinib-resistant H1650 (H1650GR) or AZD9291-resistant H1975 (H1975AR) was generated by exposing NSCLC cell line H1650 or H1975 to progressively increased concentrations of gefitinib or AZD9291 over 11 months. Read More

PeerJ 2019 9;7:e6629. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

Background: Identification of specific biomarkers is important for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HOXC6 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is highly expressed in several human cancers; however, its role in NSCLC remains unknown.

Methods: The expression and protein levels of were assessed in NSCLC tissue samples by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Read More