841,201 results match your criteria Lung Abscess
Immunology 2019 Jan;156(1):1-2
Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Respiratory immunology poses the dual questions of how to grapple with lung infection as one of the greatest unmet global health needs of our time, while also dealing with the growing challenge posed by chronic diseases of excessive or inappropriate lung inflammation and immunity, such as chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma. These separate branches of pulmonary research are linked by the clear observation that, in a tissue as fragile as the lung, protection from microbial attack may come at the cost of chronic inflammatory damage. A number of recent studies have considered specific aspects of this double-edged sword, including the diversity of responses to fungal exposure, sources and consequences of interleukin-17 immunity, and the role of tertiary lymphoid follicles in the lung. Read More
Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 Dec 6;51(5):2136-2147. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Background/aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in carcinogenesis as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This study explored the biological function of lncRNA gastric adenocarcinoma predictive long intergenic non-coding RNA (GAPLINC) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: GAPLINC expression in NSCLC specimens and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Read More
Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 Dec 6;51(5):2160-2171. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Background/aims: KRas is usually mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mutated KRas gene is a negative prognostic indicator that promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance in NSCLC, and thus has become a target for cancer therapy. This study is focused on the effects of the microRNA (miR)-202/KRas axis in regulating chemosensitivity in NSCLC. Read More
Respiration 2018 Dec 6:1-10. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Background: Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia that is characterized by stiffness in both the upper lobes and pleura, which is evident on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. However, prognostic factors for IPPFE have not been identified yet.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with IPPFE. Read More
Biomed Pharmacother 2018 Dec 3;110:312-318. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address:
Colorectal cancer (CRC), as a prominent cause of cancer-related deaths, has historically been notable worldwide and many attempts have been made to raise the overall survival of CRC patients. Immune response has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields such as cancer therapies and anti-tumor immunity through checkpoint inhibitors, specifically anti PD-1/ PD-L1 interaction, is a new line of research for treatment of CRC patients. Following the successful development of anti-PD-1 for melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, several clinical trials have been conducted on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PD-1 in CRC. Read More
Environ Int 2018 Dec 3;123:124-131. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
MRC/PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy. Electronic address:
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with adverse health outcomes but underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Two randomized crossover trials were used here, the Oxford Street II (London) and the TAPAS II (Barcelona) studies, where volunteers were allocated to high or low air pollution exposures. The two locations represent different exposure scenarios, with Oxford Street characterized by diesel vehicles and Barcelona by normal mixed urban traffic. Read More
J Thorac Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
Introduction: The study objective was to determine the incidence and characteristics of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with an orally available small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib in the real-world clinical setting.
Methods: Post-marketing surveillance was performed in Japan to obtain information on the safety and efficacy of crizotinib. Target patients included all patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received crizotinib, during the enrollment period between May 2012 and December 2014. Read More
J Thorac Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Introduction: Approximately 5% of patients with EGFR-activating mutations acquire EGFR-TKIs resistance through SCLC transformation. However, the reason for the poor outcome and the molecular basis of EGFR-mutant SCLC that has transformed from adenocarcinoma remain unclear.
Methods: In this study, we established 2 EGFR-mutant SCLC cell lines from lung adenocarcinoma patients after failed EGFR-TKI treatment to investigate their molecular basis and potential therapeutic strategies in the hope of improving patient outcome. Read More
J Thorac Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: Adjuvant gefitinib therapy prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with resected early-stage epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the ADJUVANT study (CTONG 1104). However, treatment failure patterns after gefitinib therapy are less well characterized.
Methods: Overall, 222 stage N1-N2, EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients received gefitinib or vinorelbine plus cisplatin (VP) treatment. Read More
J Thorac Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) of comorbid patients with pulmonary malignancies is a key issue in considering stereotactic fractionated body radiotherapy (SBRT) indication. This study investigates the early impact of SBRT on QoL.
Methods: 100 patients with pulmonary lesions were treated with SBRT from 02/2011 to 11/2014 within the prospective, monocenter, phase II STRIPE trial. Read More
Int Immunopharmacol 2018 Dec 3;66:336-346. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China. Electronic address:
Acute lung injury (ALI), which is mainly triggered by infection, pneumonia, vasculitis, and sepsis, has no specific and effective therapy except for primary supportive treatment or bedside care. Excessive inflammation caused by innate immune cells is the major characteristic of ALI. Forsythoside B, a phenylethanoside compound, possesses good antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties in vivo and in vitro. Read More
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur, Dhule, 425405, India.
Zizyphus jujuba Mill, a famous oriental traditional medicine, has been reported to exhibit diverse activities in biological systems including the respiratory system. However, a little information is available on its antiasthmatic activity. Jujuboside B (JB) is a natural saponin and one of the active constituent of fruits of Zizyphus jujuba. Read More
Antiviral Res 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States; Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States; Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT, United States. Electronic address:
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a non-polio enterovirus that affects the respiratory system and can cause serious complications, especially in children and older people with weakened immune systems. As an emerging virus, there are no current antiviral therapies or vaccines available. Our goal was to develop a mouse model of human EV-D68 infection that mimicked the disease observed in humans and could be used for evaluation of experimental therapeutics. Read More
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Rationale: There are controversial reports on applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Objective: We hypothesized that lung microenvironment was the main determinant of beneficial versus detrimental effects of MSCs during ARDS.
Methods: Lung proteome was profiled in three models of injury induced by acid instillation and/or mechanical ventilation in mice. Read More
Acta Ortop Mex 2018 May-Jun;32(3):182-187
Hospital Centro Médico de Occidente. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Guadalajara, Jalisco. México.
The term «vertebral destruction syndrome» comprises pathologies causing structural changes in the spine, mainly in the vertebral body, producing mechanical deformity and neurological involvement. The pathologies found in this definition may be infectious, metabolic or tumoral. Vertebral osteomyelitis is a disease that occurs mainly in adults > 50 years; we speak of spondylodiscitis when the condition affects the disc and vertebral body. Read More
Acta Ortop Mex 2018 May-Jun;32(3):167-171
Departamento de Piel y Partes Blandas del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Ciudad de México, México.
Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma is a variant in which a high grade osteosarcoma coexists with a parosteal osteosarcoma. We report the case of a 20-year-old female patient who presented with six months of evolution of pain and functional limitation of the right forearm, with no apparent cause; radiographs were performed, observing a tumoral lesion in the diaphysis of the right ulna. Physical examination showed pain upon palpation in the diaphysis of the ulna and limitation of prone-supination. Read More
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 3;12:CD012620. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Background: Long-acting bronchodilators such as long-acting β-agonist (LABA), long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations have been used in people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to control symptoms such as dyspnoea and cough, and prevent exacerbations. A number of LABA/LAMA combinations are now available for clinical use in COPD. However, it is not clear which group of above mentioned inhalers is most effective or if any specific formulation works better than the others within the same group or class. Read More
PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208495. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Background: Re-biopsy by bronchoscopy is an important part of treatment for patients with relapsed lung cancer; however, some patients refuse to undergo a re-examination due to discomfort during their first bronchoscopy. The aim of the present study was to determine factors causing discomfort during bronchoscopy and to identify the factors that affect patients' reluctance to undergo repeat examinations via a questionnaire administered immediately after the initial bronchoscopy.
Methods And Findings: We evaluated 283 patients who underwent bronchoscopy at Chiba University Hospital between September 2015 and March 2017. Read More
PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208637. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
Background: In this study, we assessed the association of SBRT (stereotactic body radiotherapy) dose and volume with radiation pneumonitis (RP) risk in lung tumor.
Methods: Relevant articles were identified up to April 2018, using following databases; Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The pooled OR (odds ratio) with 95% CI (confidence interval) data [mean ± SD (standard deviation)] obtained from different studies was analyzed by statistical analysis using a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model when appropriate. Read More
PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208459. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are related to positive clinical prognoses in numerous cancer types. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a mediator of the PD-1 receptor, plays an inhibitory role in cancer immune responses. PD-L1 upregulation can impede infiltrating T-cell functions in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a lung cancer subtype. Read More
PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208171. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder affecting the respiratory, digestive, reproductive systems and sweat glands. This lethal hereditary disease has known or suspected links to the dysbiosis gut microbiota. High-throughput meta-omics-based approaches may assist in unveiling this complex network of symbiosis modifications. Read More
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 Dec 7;67(48):1342-1346. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Exposure to secondhand smoke from burning tobacco products can cause sudden infant death syndrome, respiratory infections, ear infections, and asthma attacks in infants and children, and coronary heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer in adult nonsmokers (1). There is no risk-free level of secondhand smoke exposure (2). CDC analyzed questionnaire and laboratory data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess patterns of secondhand smoke exposure among U. Read More
Acta Med Port 2018 Nov 30;31(11):641-647. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
Department of Pathology. Centro Hospitalar São João. Porto. Unit of Pathology and Oncology. Department of Pathology. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal.
Introduction: Salivary gland tumors include a wide spectrum of histological subtypes and clinical behavior, which we aim to evaluate.
Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all salivary gland tumors diagnosed and treated at the Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, between 2005 and 2015. Histological re- evaluation was performed in all cases and patient files were reviewed and both clinical and follow-up data were collected. Read More
J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Brazil.
Obese adults with asthma are more likely to develop dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and expiratory flow limitation (EFL) than non-obese asthmatics, and weight-loss seems to improve the breathing mechanics during exercise. However, studies evaluating the effect of weight-loss on DH in obese adults with asthma have not been performed.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a weight-loss program on DH in obese adults with asthma. Read More
FASEB J 2018 Dec 6:fj201800981R. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
As mechanisms controlling redox homeostasis become impaired with aging, exaggerated oxidant stress may cause disproportional oxidation of cell membranes and circulating phospholipids (PLs), leading to the formation of truncated oxidized PL products (Tr-OxPLs), which exhibit deleterious effects. This study investigated the role of elevated Tr-OxPLs as a factor exacerbating inflammation and lung barrier dysfunction in an animal model of aging. Mass spectrometry analysis of Tr-OxPL species in young (2-4 mo) and aging (18-24 mo) mice revealed elevated basal levels of several products [1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)- sn-glycero-phosphocholine (POVPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl- sn-glycero-phosphocholine, lysophosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxo-nonanoyl)- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, O-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(5,8-dioxo-8-hydroxy-6-octenoyl)-l-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and others] in the aged lungs. Read More
Environ Sci Technol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Mushrooms accumulate arsenic (As), yet As concentrations, speciation, and localization in cultivated mushrooms across a large geographic distribution are unknown. We characterized 141 samples of 9 species from markets in 9 capital cities in China, with samples of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus being analyzed for As speciation and localization. Total As concentrations ranged 0. Read More
Thorac Cancer 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Interventional Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Surgery remains the first choice of cure for early stage lung cancer. However, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stage, and thus miss the opportunity to undergo surgery. As such patients derive limited benefits from chemotherapy or radiotherapy, alternatives focusing on local control have emerged, including iodine-125 seed implantation. Read More
Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Pulmatrix Inc, 99 Hayden Ave, Suite 390, Lexington, MA, 02421.
Aims: Plasma pharmacokinetics permits the assessment of efficacy and safety of inhaled drugs, and possibly their bioequivalence to other inhaled products. Correlating drug product attributes to lung deposited dose is important to achieving equivalence. PUR0200 is a spray-dried formulation of tiotropium that enables more efficient lung delivery than Spiriva® HandiHaler® (HH). Read More
Thorac Cancer 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
A large number of EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients primordially benefit from first-line treatment with first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib. However, multiple acquired resistance mechanisms have been described that limit the clinical efficacy of first-generation EGFR-TKIs. Herein, we report a rare case of lung adenocarcinoma harboring an EGFR exon 19-deletion mutation before the administration of target therapy. Read More
Biofactors 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Lung Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-146a and its adapter proteins [interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)] in the pathogenesis of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats in association with the diet-induced obesity condition. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control with normal diet (ND), OVA-sensitized with normal diet (S + ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and OVA-sensitized with high-fat diet (S + HFD). All the animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard pelts or high-fat diet, and were then sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks. Read More
Cancer 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Background: Depression is highly prevalent in lung cancer. Although there is a known association between inflammation and depression, this relationship has not been examined in patients with lung cancer who undergo treatment with immune and other targeted drug therapies. Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, may help identify metastatic lung cancer patients with inflammation-associated depression. Read More
JAMA Oncol 2018 Dec 6:e185335. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Importance: There is limited evidence to guide stage I to II small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment.
Objective: To examine the characteristics and outcomes among patients with stage I to II SCLC treated with modern chemoradiotherapy.
Design, Setting, And Participants: In this post hoc secondary analysis of the Concurrent Once-Daily vs Twice-Daily Radiotherapy Trial (CONVERT), a multicenter phase 3 trial conducted in patients with limited-stage SCLC from April 7, 2008, to November 29, 2013, patients with TNM stage I to II SCLC were compared with those with stage III disease. Read More
Gigascience 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Background: Foodborne infections caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus are a significant and widespread public health problem in tropical areas. Around 50 Paragonimus species have been reported to infect animals and humans, but Paragonimus westermani is responsible for the bulk of human disease. Despite their medical and economic importance, no genome sequence for any Paragonimus species is available. Read More
JAMA Oncol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington.
Shock 2018 Jul 30. Epub 2018 Jul 30.
Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section.
Tie2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is mainly expressed by endothelial cells. In animal models mimicking critical illness, Tie2 levels in organs are temporarily reduced. Functional consequences of these reduced Tie2 levels on microvascular endothelial behaviour are unknown. Read More
Curr Opin Pulm Med 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Purpose Of Review: This article reviews the status of biomarkers useful in the diagnosis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Biomarkers have been the focus of a great deal of COPD-related research in recent years, although useful markers in these specific arenas remain elusive.
Recent Findings: No biomarker other than lung function has been shown to be useful, to date, for the diagnosis of COPD. Read More
Elife 2018 Dec 6;7. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Pathways modulating glucose homeostasis independently of insulin would open new avenues to combat insulin resistance and diabetes. Here, we report the establishment, characterization and use of a vertebrate 'insulin-free' model to identify insulin-independent modulators of glucose metabolism. knockout zebrafish recapitulate core characteristics of diabetes and survive only up to larval stages. Read More
Elife 2018 Dec 6;7. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.
Carboxysomes are protein-based bacterial organelles encapsulating key enzymes of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Previous work has implicated a ParA-like protein (hereafter McdA) as important for spatially organizing carboxysomes along the longitudinal axis of the model cyanobacterium PCC 7942. Yet, how self-organization of McdA emerges and contributes to carboxysome positioning is unknown. Read More
Elife 2018 Dec 6;7. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB cooperate to regulate autophagy induction and lysosome biogenesis in response to starvation. Here we demonstrate that DNA damage activates TFE3 and TFEB in a p53 and mTORC1 dependent manner. RNA-Seq analysis of TFEB/TFE3 double-knockout cells exposed to etoposide reveals a profound dysregulation of the DNA damage response, including upstream regulators and downstream p53 targets. Read More
Ugeskr Laeger 2018 Dec;180(49)
Bronchiectasis is characterised by chronic cough, airway inflammation, infection and bronchial dilatation. The disease may lead to impaired lung function and premature death. An underlying inflammatory disease or immunodeficiency may be present, but 40% of the cases are idiopathic. Read More
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Pulmonary and Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, United States.
Cigarette smoke exposure is the leading modifiable risk factor for COPD, however the clinical and pathologic consequences of chronic cigarette smoke exposure are variable amongst smokers. MIF (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Within the promoter of the MIF gene is a functional polymorphism that regulates MIF expression (-794 CATT microsatellite repeat) ( rs5844572). Read More
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological vasomotor response that maintains systemic oxygenation by matching perfusion to ventilation during alveolar hypoxia. Although mitochondria appear to play an essential role in HPV, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on HPV remains incompletely defined. Mice lacking the mitochondrial complex I (CI) subunit Ndufs4 (Ndufs4-/-) develop a fatal progressive encephalopathy and serve as a model for Leigh syndrome, the most common mitochondrial disease in children. Read More
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Oxidative stress is a common feature of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages are key innate immune cells that can generate oxidants and are known to display aberrant polarization patterns and defective phagocytic responses in these diseases. Whether these characteristics are linked in one way or another and whether they contribute to the onset and severity of exacerbations in asthma and COPD remains poorly understood. Read More
J Trauma Stress 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Data regarding cancer risk for individuals who were exposed to traumatic and stressful life events are conflicting. We sought to evaluate the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the risk of the four most common solid tumors: lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. We conducted four nested case-control studies using a large UK population-based database. Read More
Saudi Med J 2018 Dec;39(12):1259-1262
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
Objectives: To analyze the overall trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Saudi Arabia between 1990 and 2016. Methods: Data were retrieved through a Global Burden of Disease (GBD, 2016) database (Viz Hub) that is developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington. Results: The incidence of cancer increased around 26-fold for thyroid cancer; approximately 10-fold in breast, colon, bladder and uterine cancers; 8-fold for prostate cancer; 5-fold for renal cancer; 4-fold for pancreatic and ovarian cancer; 3. Read More
Saudi Med J 2018 Dec;39(12):1186-1194
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
Objectives: To explore the risk factors, the prevalence rate, and gene types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria as the causative agents of infection at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted during the period between February 2017 and January 2018. All samples obtained from the KAASH were analyzed. Read More
Health Technol Assess 2018 Dec;22(70):1-82
Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Background: Asthma exacerbations affect the quality of life of patients with asthma and have a major effect on the overall costs of asthma care. An asthma self-management plan that advises the temporary quadrupling of inhaled corticosteroid dose may prevent asthma exacerbations, but this needs to be confirmed before being adopted widely.
Objectives: To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an asthma self-management plan that advises patients to temporarily quadruple the dose of inhaled corticosteroid when asthma control starts to deteriorate with a standard self-management plan. Read More