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Pediatr Radiol 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.

In addition to radiography, ultrasound (US) has long proved to be a valuable imaging modality to evaluate the pediatric lung and pleural cavity. Its many inherent advantages, including real-time performance, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation and lack of need for sedation make it preferable over other imaging modalities such as CT. Since the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become a valuable complementary US technique, with many well-established uses in adults and evolving uses in children. Read More

World J Clin Oncol 2021 Apr;12(4):282-289

Department of Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL 32804, United States.

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer, commonly associated with locally advanced disease, early metastasis, and poor prognosis. Tongue metastasis from lung cancer is a rare condition that may occur in advanced stage of the disease.

Case Summary: The patient was a 70-year-old female with a history of resected pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) who presented with subacute tongue swelling, imparting the clinical impression of a lingual abscess. Read More

Rare Tumors 2021 11;13:20363613211009769. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Institut für Pathologie, DIAKO Hospital Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany.

Cystic echinococcosis is a widely endemic helminthic disease worldwide but occurs only rarely in Central Europe. Humans are infected as 'aberrant' hosts by and develop cysts in numerous different organs. 20%-30% of the affected individuals develop hydatid disease in the lungs with associated complications including pleuritis, lung abscess and pneumothorax. Read More

Lung India 2021 May-Jun;38(3):289-292

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rajagiri Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India.

J Int Med Res 2021 May;49(5):3000605211011972

Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China. Currently working in Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital.

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an acute or chronic deep neck tissue infection. Tuberculous RPA is chronic and extremely rare in adults. A 20-year-old female patient visited the local hospital due to cough and sputum. Read More

Med Phys 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

Objectives: To develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to automatically detect and segment an orbital abscess depicted on computed tomography (CT).

Methods: We retrospectively collected orbital CT scans acquired on 67 pediatric subjects with a confirmed orbital abscess in the setting of infectious orbital cellulitis. A context-aware convolutional neural network (CA-CNN) was developed and trained to automatically segment orbital abscess. Read More

Pediatrics 2021 May;147(5)

Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois;

Objectives: Validated prognostic tools for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) do not exist. Thus, clinicians rely on "gestalt" in management decisions for children with CAP. We sought to determine the ability of clinician gestalt to predict severe outcomes. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2021 Apr 23. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 6, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.

Introduction: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare and potentially severe disorder, characterized by an acute febrile respiratory illness with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusions and an eosinophilic alveolitis identified on broncho-alveolar lavage or lung biopsy. The condition can be idiopathic, or induced by the inhalation of toxic substances, by infections or by medications. The condition tends to respond rapidly to treatment with systemic steroids. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):3000605211008073

Department of Liver and Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China.

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare immunologic disorder. Typical clinical features of HIES include recurrent bacterial pneumonia, lung cysts, characteristic facial features, and newborn dermatitis. The varied clinical presentation can lead to a delayed diagnosis. Read More

Intern Med 2021 Apr 26. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Japan.

We experienced a patient who presented with lung abscess one month after aspirating barium during a gastric cancer screening examination. The patient had no subjective symptoms suggesting a swallowing disorder. Rigorous history taking under suspicion of aspiration and a further assessment of the cause of aspiration revealed hypopharyngeal cancer. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Apr 23;21(1):380. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China.

Background: Brain abscesses caused by Nocardia farcinica are rare, and mostly occur in immunocompromised individuals. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of nocardiosis is challenging. Due to the inadequate performance of conventional diagnostic methods for Nocardia infection, metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has the potential to improve the diagnosis intracranial nocardiosis. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021 Mar;53(2):327-331

Department of Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

Objective: To investigate the possibility and feasibility of one-stage cardiac and non-cardiac surgery.

Methods: From July 1999 to August 2018, one hundred and eleven patients suffering from cardiac and non-cardiac diseases were treated by one-stage cardiac and non-cardiac operation in Department of Cardiac Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, General Surgery, Urinary Surgery, and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital. There were 83 males (74. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2021 Apr 15;7(1):95. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Surgery, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, 675-8611, Japan.

Background: Gastrobronchial fistulas are rare, but life-threatening, complications of esophagectomy. They are caused by anastomotic leakage and mainly occur around anastomotic sites. In the present paper, we report a rare case of leakage from the staple line of a gastric tube after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, which was successfully treated using an intercostal muscle flap and lung resection. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2021 Mar;10(3):3336-3342

Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

Background: People living in plateau areas are prone to upper respiratory tract infections and secondary lung infections. The current study aimed to explore the effects of bronchoalveolar lavage under fiberoptic bronchoscope for the treatment of patients with severe pulmonary infection living in plateau areas.

Methods: 148 patients with severe lung infection admitted to the intensive care unit of Shigatse People's Hospital (Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China) between July 2019 and January 2021 were enrolled. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Mar 28;13(7). Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination assessment of DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) improves the diagnostic ability for differential diagnosis of lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs). The optimal cut-off value (OCV) for differential diagnosis was set at 1.470 × 10 mm/s for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and at 2. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 31;37:390. Epub 2020 Dec 31.

Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.

Tuberculosis is an endemic disease in Senegal. It rarely affects the skin. In these patients it is characterized by clinical polymorphism. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2021 23;14:1191-1198. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: () is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium distributed in the oral cavity, with a potential to become pathogenic causing lung abscess. Due to the lack of specificity of symptoms and the difficulty in culture, the diagnosis of lung abscess associated with is delayed. It is essential to elucidate the clinical characteristics of lung abscess associated with . Read More

Clin Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;9(3):1130-1134. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Hazrat- e Rasool General Hospital Iran University of Medical sciences(IUMS) Tehran Iran.

To our knowledge, no previous studies have reported lung abscess as a complication of COVID-19 infection. It is essential to follow-up with the patients after discharge for such complications, especially if they are symptomatic. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2021 Mar 19. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital. Electronic address:

We report the first two dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) cases, involving progressive pulmonary diseases, requiring urgent living-donor lung transplantations. Case 1: A 13-year-old boy with DKC underwent bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia at age of 6. He developed severe pulmonary right-to-left shunting and fibrosis. Read More

Acute Med 2021 ;20(1):78-82

MB, BCh, BAO, FRCP, PhD, Acute Medicine Unit, Wards 7B and 7C, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.

We present the case of a previously healthy, immunocompetent male with Lemierre's Syndrome. He presented with headache, sore throat and pyrexia. Initial blood tests revealed raised inflammatory markers and electrolyte abnormalities. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2021 03;76(2):251-253

Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Melioidosis is endemic in the State of Sabah, Malaysia. We report a case of a 34-year-old man with one-week history of fever and cough, three days history of diarrhoea and vomiting, which was associated with a loss of appetite and loss of weight for one-month. Clinically, he had hepatosplenomegaly and crepitation over his right lower zone of lung. Read More

J Asthma Allergy 2021 12;14:219-227. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immune deficiency syndrome caused mainly by mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene. More information on STAT3 mutations is still needed, and further investigation is warranted. A girl with HIES carrying a novel STAT3 mutation who had no obvious apparent symptoms but presented with a severe necrotizing pulmonary infection is described here. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 4;13(2):e13117. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, ITA.

Illicit substances are widely used all over the world. Among them, crack cocaine results to be the most used drug for the fact that it can be taken in different ways, such as inhaled or intravenous. Pulmonary complications are well known in people snorting it, mostly due to contamination with other substances contained in the objects able to infuse the drug. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 25;12:625320. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kanchi Kamakoti Child Trust Hospital, Chennai, India.

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited defect in phagocytic respiratory burst that results in severe and life-threatening infections in affected children. Single center studies from India have shown that proportion of autosomal recessive (AR) CGD is more than that reported from the West. Further, affected patients have high mortality rates due to late referrals and difficulties in accessing appropriate treatment. Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2021 Mar 11:1-15. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Context: Recent literature points towards myelitis, like encephalitis, as a common central nervous system complication of COVID-19. This review elaborates on disorders of the spinal cord caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Objectives: To review the published data about SARS-CoV-2-associated spinal cord disorders and assess their clinical, neuroimaging, treatment, and prognostic aspects. Read More

Trauma Case Rep 2021 Apr 18;32:100433. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Trauma Center, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Traumatic pulmonary giant hematoma, resulting from blunt trauma, is a relatively rare event. Here, we report the rare case of a patient with a giant traumatic pulmonary hematoma that was associated with blunt trauma. A 50-year-old man was admitted to our medical center after a fall from a height of 5 m. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 May 24;16(5):1061-1064. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Empyema thoracis (ET) is defined as pus in the pleural space, either localized or involving the entire pleural cavity, due to diverse etiologies. In severe form, it may infiltrate the extrapulmonary region. Clinical guideline describes 3 stages of parapneumonic effusion before developing into an ET, namely the exudative stage, the fibrinopurulent stage, and the organizing/late stage. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2021 Feb;67(2):63-66

The Department of Urology,Kinki University Faculty of Medicine.

A 67-year-old man underwent open radical left nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma [pT4N0M1 (right lower lobe of lung)] and thoracoscopic partial right lung resection for lung metastasis. The patient subsequently developed a solitary lung metastasis at 10 months and then at 26 months postoperatively. He underwent partial lung resection on each occasion. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2021 Mar 1:e13594. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

AP-HP, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare but growing concern in immunocompromised patients. Typical localizations include the lung, brain and/or soft tissues, but laboratory confirmation of nocardiosis usually requires sampling of infected organs by invasive procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage or brain biopsy. We report a case of disseminated nocardiosis occurring in a hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipient, with clinical lung and brain localizations. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Mar 2;22:e929116. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

BACKGROUND Serratia marcescens infections have historic association with injection drug use. The present report is about a 53-year-old man with a history of intravenous (IV) drug use who presented with acute loss of vision due to endophthalmitis associated with disseminated S. marcescens infection. Read More