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Hinyokika Kiyo 2022 Apr;68(4):113-116

The Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute.

A 52-year-old man complained of asymptomatic gross hematuria and cough. Chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a right renal tumor, mediastinal lymph node metastasis, and right endobronchial metastasis. The right endobronchial metastasis was causing obstructive atelectasis in the lower lobe of the right lung. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 17;14(4):e24214. Epub 2022 Apr 17.

Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVMs) are abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and veins. The rarity of their occurrence, coupled with the risks they pose, including brain abscess, embolic stroke, and myocardial infarction, mandates that they should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with haemoptysis, dyspnea, clubbing, cyanosis, hypoxemia, or epistaxis. We present the case of a 41-year-old local female who presented to our hospital as an outpatient with decreased oxygen saturation (SpO) of 70%-80% for the past two years with a final diagnosis of PAVM. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 4;9:835257. Epub 2022 May 4.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Background: Hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndromes (HIES) are a group of primary immune deficiencies disorders (PID) characterized by elevated serum IgE, eczema, recurrent skin, or respiratory system infections and may also be accompanied by some connective tissues and skeletal abnormalities. Currently, there is no complete cure or targeted treatment for HIES. Omalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against IgE, reducing the level of free IgE, inhibiting the binding of IgE to receptors on the surface of effector cells, and reducing the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of multiple inflammatory mediators. Read More

J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022 Apr 27;17(2):332-339. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.

This case-series aims to report three cases of endogenous endophthalmitis due to invasive syndrome.

Case 1: A 34-year-old lady who was admitted for pneumonia developed painful blurring of vision and redness in the right eye (RE) for one week. An examination of the RE revealed visual acuity (VA) of light perception (PL) with positive relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), proptosis, and restriction of extraocular movement with hypopyon. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2022 10;15:2459-2467. Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.

Background: Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are closely related to the disseminated infection of multiple pathogens. (M. phlei) is a nonpathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and infection of the bone is extremely rare. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2022 May;49(5):597-599

Dept. of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital.

A 52-year-old man diagnosed with Stage ⅢA rectal and anal canal cancer underwent abdominal perineal resection using Miles's method. Two years later, local recurrence and lung metastases were detected using contrasted CT imaging. First-line chemotherapy of XELOX was administered for 4 months until the disease progressed and lung metastases developed. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2022 3;37:101660. Epub 2022 May 3.

Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. The rhino-cerebral form of mucormycosis is most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, whereas pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare manifestation in patients with hematological malignancy and transplant recipients. We report a case of a 40-year-old male, with history of poorly controlled diabetes, who presented to the emergency room with a one-week history of hemoptysis. Read More

J Surg Res 2022 May 12;277:365-371. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, San Diego, California. Electronic address:

Introduction: Retained-hemothorax after trauma can be associated with prolonged hospitalization, empyema, pneumonia, readmission, and the need for additional intervention. The purpose of this study is to reduce patient morbidity associated with retained-hemothorax by defining readmission rates and identifying predictors of readmission after traumatic hemothorax.

Methods: The Nationwide Readmission Database for 2017 was queried for patients with an index admission for traumatic hemothorax during the first 9 mo of the year. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 25;13:847479. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.

Background: Microorganisms of tuberculosis (TB) are frequently difficult to identify from the airway specimen; therefore, lung biopsy for further histologic and microbiologic study is required. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-TBB) is used for the diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy, but is rarely in the TB population. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness and safety of EBUS-TBB with histologic study and tissue culture in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2022 May 8. Epub 2022 May 8.

Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32, Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan. Electronic address:

J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 May 9:10406387221094273. Epub 2022 May 9.

California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA.

Pneumonia is a significant disease of horses. Although pneumonia has traditionally been studied in racehorses, little information is available for non-racing horses. Non-racing horses that died with pulmonary lesions ( = 156) were available from cases submitted for autopsy from January 2015 to June 2020. Read More

CMAJ 2022 May;194(18):E645-E648

Department of Medicine (Doshi, Andany) and of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Forbes, Mubareka), University of Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mubareka, Andany), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022 May;45(5):438-444

Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College (the second People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou), Hangzhou 311121, China.

To study the clinical and microbiological characteristics of hypervirulent (hvKP) lung abscess, and to compare with the classic (cKP) lung abscess. A total of 18 patients with lung abscesses admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2017 to September 2020 enrolled. The strains with positive result of string test were defined as hvKP, and the negative strains were defined as cKP. Read More

J Hand Surg Am 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Dermatology & Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address:

Purpose: As the duration of lifetime survival after organ transplantation continues to increase, the consequences of long-term immunosuppression, such as opportunistic and rare infections, are a high-risk reality. This study examined upper extremity infections in the transplant population to determine the current clinical risk profile, management, and outcomes.

Methods: An institutional database of 16,640 patients who underwent transplantation was queried for upper extremity infections from 2005 to 2017, defined as the presence of infection from the shoulder to the fingertips. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2022 18;37:101651. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

is an anaerobe that is commensal to the human oral cavity. It is usually a component of periodontal plaque that is emerging as a pathogen and quickly attracting attention of the medical and research communities. It has been even discovered in bronchoalveolar lavage of some patients with lung cancer. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 31;14(3):e23708. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, USA.

Immunocompromised status predisposes an individual to infection from bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are otherwise uncommon. The presence of carcinoma and the use of chemotherapy weakens one's immune system and leads to opportunistic infections of many kinds. Aspergilloma is a fungal ball that grows inside a primary cavitary lesion within the pulmonary parenchyma. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2022 Jun 1;10(6):e0954. Epub 2022 May 1.

Monash Lung and Sleep Monash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia.

We present a 43-year-old woman, with a history of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and a chronic bronchocoele, who was admitted to hospital with an infection of the bronchocoele, progressing to a pulmonary abscess and polymicrobial empyema, following dental extraction and regular probiotic ingestion. Interval chest imaging following this procedure demonstrated worsening right upper lobe opacities and a right-sided pleural effusion. Bronchoscopies identified copious mucoid secretions and an infected bronchocoele with a right upper lobe airways impaction. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2022 8;13:126. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.

Background: is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus belonging to actinomycetes and has been reported to be an infectious disease in healthy individuals. However, more than 60% have some underlying illnesses and are said to be opportunistic infections.

Case Description: The case was a 69-year-old man who had been on long-term steroids for systemic lupus erythematosus. Read More

J Gen Fam Med 2022 May 14;23(3):189-190. Epub 2022 Jan 14.

Department of General Medicine Oita University Faculty of Medicine Yufu Oita Japan.

Our case serves as a reminder that clinicians should pay attention to the presence of esophageal diseases in patients with lung abscesses. The esophagus should be evaluated during pulmonary CT imaging. Read More

Front Pediatr 2022 14;10:859343. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Background: Whether to operate on asymptomatic patients with congenital lung malformations (CLMs) remains controversial. Our study intended to find out the proportion of hidden infection in CLMs and its effect on surgery, to provide help for the management of asymptomatic CLMs patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with asymptomatic CLMs from January 2011 to December 2020 was performed in our center. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2022 14;12:e2021370. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharastra, India.

Background: India accounts for the highest number of TB cases globally (almost one-fifth of the global burden and almost two-thirds of the cases in South East Asia. Furthermore, the development of drug resistance of varying levels such as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively-drug resistance TB (XDR-TB) and total-drug resistant TB (TDR-TB) has been on the increase, and now India also features in the 27 high-MDRTB-burden countries. Almost parallel to these developments, in the last few years, we have been encountering less common morphological forms of pulmonary TB (PTB) at autopsies. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 25;14(3):e23483. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.

Methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) is quite common in the environment. It can lead to a wide range of infections varying from simple boils to disseminated and metastatic infections. Disseminated multifocal MSSA infection without infective endocarditis is extremely rare. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Apr 29;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Centro Medico ABC, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

is part of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. It is also a well-known cause of community and nosocomial infections, involving mainly the lung and urinary tract. An invasive syndrome with liver abscess due to a new hypervirulent strain of was recently described. Read More

IDCases 2022 9;28:e01497. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Identifying species in routine tests is often difficult owing to its culture time. We report a case of nocardiosis characterized by multiple abscesses of disseminated disease. A man in his 50 's presented with inflammation on the left buttock and right lower leg. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Apr 25;22(1):405. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: We report a case of spine infection with mucormycosis that manifested signs of paraplegia in a patient suffering from disseminated mucormycosis. Timely and effective surgery was performed. A review of the literature is included. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Apr 8;12(4). Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.

A 48-year-old woman was referred for a bone scan as an assessment of bone metastasis from breast cancer. Surprisingly, two hot spots of lung uptake were present in the left lung without any abnormality on CT slices. No history of pulmonary disease was observed. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022 Mar;68(3):372-376

Health Sciences University Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine - Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: Pulmonary actinomycosis, clinically and radiologically, mimics abscess, tuberculosis, and lung malignancy, resulting in misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis. In this study, we analyzed the clinicoradiological features of pulmonary actinomycosis, the presence of any differences between clinical prediagnosis and radiological diagnosis, and whether imaging modalities help distinguish pulmonary actinomycosis from lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 22 patients who had a histopathological diagnosis of actinomycosis in a tertiary health center participated in this study. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022 2;9(3):003209. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Portugal.

COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019 and quickly spread worldwide. The severe immunomodulation and depletion of lymphocytes caused by the virus and its therapy led to an increase in the incidence of superinfections. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a new entity with increasing incidence and high associated mortality. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 5;14(3):e22859. Epub 2022 Mar 5.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.

Hepatic endotheiloid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) commonly presents with multilobar involvement with locally aggressive behavior. In most cases, it presents with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and weight loss with metastasis commonly to the lung. We present a 33-year-old woman with hepatic EHE with an initial presentation mimicking hepatic abscess and imaging findings misleading for metastatic liver lesions. Read More