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BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Jan 13;22(1):75. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Background: If bone union is expected, conservative treatment is generally selected for lumbar spondylolysis. However, sometimes conservative treatments are unsuccessful. We sought to determine the factors associated with failure of bony union in acute unilateral lumbar spondylolysis with bone marrow edema including contralateral pseudarthrosis. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2011 Jun 4;40(6):683-700. Epub 2010 May 4.

Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, School of Medicine, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Spondylolysis is an osseous defect of the pars interarticularis, thought to be a developmental or acquired stress fracture secondary to chronic low-grade trauma. It is encountered most frequently in adolescents, most commonly involving the lower lumbar spine, with particularly high prevalence among athletes involved in certain sports or activities. Spondylolysis can be asymptomatic or can be a cause of spine instability, back pain, and radiculopathy. Read More

Neurosurgery 2005 Oct;57(4):748-52; discussion 748-52

Division of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.

Objective: The incidence of spinal instability after penetrating gunshot wounds to the spine in adolescents is unknown. We describe our experience over a 15-year period.

Methods: Hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1989 Dec;14(12):1316-23

Department of Orthopedics, University of Goteborg, Sahlgren Hospital, Sweden.

Neuropathologic analysis of eight acute and 12 chronic burst fractures was performed. In the acute cases, the injury to the bony, ligamentous, and neural tissues was investigated. Serious Denis B or D fractures showed signs of pronounced instability, and all had a large bone fragment rotated into the spinal canal. Read More