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J Paediatr Child Health 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Jun 26. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address:

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Division of Dermatology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.

On March 11 , 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). A consistent number of case reports and clinical series have been already published describing a complex spectrum of skin manifestations associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We carried out a review of the English-language literature up to May 20th 2020, reporting original cases or case series of the cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Jun 19:e13859. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China. Besides pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the disease leads to multisystem involvement in the form of myocarditis, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoxemic brain injury, acute liver, and renal function impairment. There are also reports of cutaneous lesions in form of urticarial and maculopapular rashes, chilblain like fingers and toes (covid feet), livedoid vasculopathy, and chicken-pox like or varicelliform vesicles. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2020 May;19(5):544-546

Novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) medications have revolutionized hematology and cardiology. Recently, NOACs have demonstrated additional promise in dermatology. Specifically, rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor NOAC, has been shown to be successful in the treatment of livedoid vasculopathy. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, 411043, India.

Br J Dermatol 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Department of Dermatology, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica de la Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.

Dermatol Ther 2020 May 2:e13480. Epub 2020 May 2.

Department of Dermatology, The central hospital of Xianyang City, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.

The clinical presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) can vary, often mimicking many other medical conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose at the first presentation because of the absence of classical symptoms. We described an unusual presentation of PAPS mimicking livedoid vasculopathy (LV), where the only diagnostic clue at the initial presentation was skin lesions in both lower legs. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2020 Mar 9:1-6. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Livedoid vasculopathy is a recurrent thrombo-occlusive vasculopathy of cutaneous blood vessels and its standard or first-line therapy is still controversial. Besides hypercoagulability, inflammatory factors may also play a secondary role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Monotherapy of thrombolytics cannot achieve satisfactory results because of concomitant inflammation. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Mar 4;33(2):e13229. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty, Samsun, Turkey.

We report a retrospective analysis the efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins on 9 patients with Livedoid vasculopathy for whom resistant to immunosuppressants plus anticoagulants or could not be prescribed. Intravenous immunoglobulins were used 2 g/kg per month in these patients. The treatment induced stabilization of the disease and all patients demonstrated improvement with IVIg. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr 2;34(4):e176-e178. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Neurologia 2019 Nov 23. Epub 2019 Nov 23.

Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

Case Rep Dermatol Med 2019 7;2019:1840280. Epub 2019 Oct 7.

Department of Dermatology, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.

Patients who suffer from rare skin diseases may try numerous therapies with many potential side effects before achieving remission. Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is one such rare disease that lacks a definitive treatment as evidenced by randomized controlled trials. Although corticosteroids help reduce the pain flares associated with LV, they come at the risk of immunosuppression. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2020 Jan 7;100(1):adv00002. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

Diving Hyperb Med 2019 Sep;49(3):216-224

Department of Anaesthesia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Introduction: Delayed wound healing indicates wounds that have failed to respond to more than 4-6 weeks of comprehensive wound care. Wounds with delayed healing are a major source of morbidity and a major cost to hospital and community healthcare providers. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment designed to increase the supply of oxygen to wounds and has been applied to a variety of wound types. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Apr 31;82(4):799-816. Epub 2019 Aug 31.

Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

In this article we focus on updates in select etiologies of retiform purpura. These causes of retiform purpura, in addition to bacterial or fungal sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, purpura fulminans, and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, are important diagnoses with potential for morbidity and mortality. Important aspects in the pathophysiology, patient demographics and risk factors, updates in the diagnostic workup, histopathology, and treatment of these specific conditions are discussed. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 09;33(9):1627-1628

Faculté de Médecine, Clinique Dermatologique, Université de Strasbourg et Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, France.

Eur J Dermatol 2019 Jun;29(3):287-293

Institute of Human Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale).

Background: Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) has been shown to be associated with hypercoagulability. However, relevant genetic and exogenous thrombophilic factors are not fully determined.

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCE) and genotypes of hypercoagulative factors in LV patients. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019 Jul 10;17(1):39. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Background: Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory condition. Recognised features include vasculitis predominantly affecting medium sized vessels, livedoid skin rash, central and peripheral nervous system involvement, variable degrees of immunodeficiency, and marrow failure, amongst other clinical presentations. We present the case of a six year old male with DADA2 who presented with acute testicular ischaemia secondary to vasculitis, the first such description in DADA2. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019 11;58(11):2076

Department of Rheumatology, Fortis Flt Lt Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Lupus 2019 Jul 24;28(8):1013-1016. Epub 2019 May 24.

2 Department of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a small vessel occlusive disease that can present with a painful purpuric eruption. Predominantly affecting young women, LV has been associated with hypercoagulable states and antiphospholipid syndrome. We present an unusual case of LV occurring in the setting of acute kidney injury secondary to lupus nephritis. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Sep 14;33(9):1784-1791. Epub 2019 May 14.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Background: Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a rare cutaneous thrombotic disease. It is characterized by occlusion of dermal vessels resulting in livedo racemosa, ulceration and atrophie blanche. Clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are missing. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019 Apr 21;146(4):292-296. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Service de dermatologie et vénérologie, hôpitaux civils de Colmar, 39, avenue de la Liberté, 68000 Colmar, France.

Background: Intravascular lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with varied but highly evocative clinical presentations, particularly in terms of dermatology. Histological examination of the skin may be sufficient to allow diagnosis.

Patients And Methods: Herein, we report the case of a 75-year-old woman with a history of infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the left breast who was hospitalised for neurological evaluation following repeated falls. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2019 Mar;28(1):37-40

Department of Dermatovenerology, Maribor University Medical Center, Maribor, Slovenia.

A 72-year-old female patient presented with an end-stage renal disease on on-line hemodiafiltration and warfarin therapy with advanced ulcerated calciphylaxis on the lower extremities, complicated by two episodes of cellulitis. She was successfully treated for 8 months with intravenous sodium thiosulfate in combination with modification of medication and dialysis treatment, careful wound care, and other supportive measures. Calciphylaxis is an uncommon life-threatening systemic disease, mostly occurring in patients with chronic kidney disease and other risk factors. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2020 Jun;46(6):853-854

Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Clin Exp Dermatol 2020 Jan 14;45(1):120-122. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 Aug 31;44(6):681-683. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Clin Case Rep 2018 Nov 12;6(11):2045-2047. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Meguro Chen Dermatology Clinic Tokyo Japan.

We reported a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by livedoid vasculopathy (LV), who responded well to intravenous immunoglobulin and warfarin. Cutaneous lesions of LV resemble those of cutaneous vasculitis. LV should be included in the differential diagnosis of leg ulcerations even in the presence of autoimmune disorders. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2018 Sep;27(3):147-148

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Dresden Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany.

Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare disease related to a hypercoagulable state. It can lead to painful and chronic relapsing ulcerations. We report dermoscopic findings of early, non-ulcerated livedoid vasculopathy in five patients. Read More

J Dermatol 2019 Apr 29;46(4):e142-e143. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.

Pediatrics 2018 09;142(3)

Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and.

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare entity that, unlike unicentric Castleman disease, involves generalized polyclonal lymphoproliferation, systemic inflammation, and multiple-organ system failure resulting from proinflammatory hypercytokinemia, including, in particular, interleukin-6. A subset of MCD is caused by human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), although the etiology for HHV-8-negative, idiopathic MCD (iMCD) cases is unknown at present. Recently, a consensus was reached on the diagnostic criteria for iMCD to aid in diagnosis, recognize mimics, and initiate prompt treatment. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2018 Jul-Sep;8(3):e2018034. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Explore (NY) 2018 09 10;14(5):357-366. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical effect of a Korean medicine treatment for livedoid vasculopathy (LV).

Methods: Five patients with LV were selected who exhibited blood stasis due to qi stagnation () caused by external cold () or dual deficiency of qi and blood () and who had suffered from chronic episodic LV for at least 2 years. The treatment consisted of Korean herbal medicine, Haechungtang (, HC). Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018 Jul;16(7):873-890

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Successful management of patients with leg ulcers requires identification of the underlying etiology, with subsequent initiation of causal treatment, if feasible. Supplementary measures of first choice include stage-adjusted wound treatment, usually combined with compression therapy. The significance of systemic drugs has been the subject of controversial debate, depending on the underlying cause of the condition. Read More

Skinmed 2018;16(2):125-127. Epub 2018 Apr 1.

Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Suchita Kriplani Hospital, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, Delhi, India.

38-year-old married woman presented with multiple spontaneous painful ulcers that had involved both forearms for the previous month, along with a single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, with no residual palsy or paresis. She complained of photosensitivity and diffuse hair loss for the past 6 months. She also had had arthralgia for the previous 3 years, which had initially involved the small joints of the fingers (especially the proximal interphalangeal joints) and gradually progressed to involve the larger joints. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Mar 3;4(2):203-205. Epub 2018 Feb 3.

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

Acta Derm Venereol 2018 Oct;98(9):842-847

Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France.

Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare thrombotic cutaneous disease. This observational study aimed to assess the clinical and biological features of livedoid vasculopathy and the efficacy of treatments. Patients enrolled had typical livedoid vasculopathy both clinically and histologically. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Jun 16;57(6):732-741. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Centro da Pele Ecuador - CEPI, Quito, Ecuador.

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a thrombotic skin disease characterized by episodic painful ulcerations of the distal aspects of the legs. Its healing process typically leaves small porcelain-white scars called atrophie blanche as a result of the occlusion of cutaneous microcirculation. The main goals of the treatment are pain management and the prevention of ulceration and of progressive scarring in the malleolar area. Read More

Int J Rheum Dis 2019 Jan 6;22 Suppl 1:69-77. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Vasculitis Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) is a recently described systemic inflammatory vasculopathy caused by mutations in the CERC1 gene that often, but not always, clinically resembles polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). The condition was originally characterized by livedoid rash, systemic inflammation, variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and early-onset stroke. The phenotypic spectrum has expanded to include patients with immunodeficiency syndromes and bone marrow dysfunction, which are not typical features of PAN. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2018 Sep;40(9):682-685

Division of Dermatopathology, Cockerell Dermatopathology, Dallas, TX.

We report a case in which a 43-year-old African American male with medical history of sickle cell disease (SCD) presented with a nonhealing ulcer. Biopsy revealed features of livedoid vasculopathy. Previously, livedoid vasculopathy had only been described in a patient with sickle cell trait, but never in a patient with SCD. Read More

Reumatol Clin 2020 Mar - Apr;16(2 Pt 2):189-190. Epub 2018 Mar 8.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España.

J Cutan Pathol 2018 May 14;45(5):365-368. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

Department of Pathology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.

Injection drug abuse (IDA) is known to cause a spectrum of systemic and cutaneous complications. Despite the increasing incidence of IDA around the world, there is a paucity of literature discussing cutaneous complications from a dermatopathologic perspective. We present a case of a 35-year-old male with a complex medical history of Von Willebrand disease, Beçhet disease and diverticular disease. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2018 02;154(2):193-202

Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Importance: Livedoid vasculopathy is a painful, ulcerative condition of the lower extremities for which no established treatment exists. Current treatment paradigms rely on low levels of evidence, primarily case reports and case series.

Objective: To systematically review the treatment for livedoid vasculopathy and synthesize the available clinical data. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Apr 23;109(3):278-281. Epub 2017 Oct 23.

Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.

Indian J Dermatol 2017 Sep-Oct;62(5):508-511

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBR Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

We hereby present our experience of low-dose oral warfarin in the management of three cases of livedoid vasculopathy. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2017 Dec 13;44(12):1033-1037. Epub 2017 Oct 13.

Dermatology Department of Hospital das Clínicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Coagulation disorders contribute to the development of livedoid vasculopathy (LV). Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and associated with hypercoagulable states. Increased serum Lp(a) levels have been reported in patients with LV and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of LV. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Sep 7;2017. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.

Livedo is an ischaemic dermopathy characterised by a reddish-blue to violaceous mottling of the skin with a net-like reticular appearance. Livedo has been described in association with several medical conditions including lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we describe the case of a 60-year-old woman who was presented with asymptomatic and persistent livedoid eruption on her trunk, lower and upper extremities as manifestation of an indolent form of T-γδ large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2017 Dec 28;152(6):615-637. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

Department of Dermatology, de La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Most emergencies in dermatology comprise a variety of entities with a usually benign course. However, vasculopathies and vasculitis are not common, but they could represent respectively 1.9% and 4. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2018 Mar;40(3):212-215

Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Nicolau syndrome is a rare form of iatrogenic cutaneous necrosis which affects injection sites. Although classically associated with intramuscular injections, it may develop after subcutaneous or other routes of parenteral drug administration. Clinically, it manifests as necrotic ulcers that often develop in a background of erythematous and livedoid reticular patches. Read More