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J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2018 Apr 30;52(2):117-125. Epub 2017 Jul 30.

b Department of Plastic Surgery , College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.

Gynecomastia is characterized by the benign proliferation of breast tissue in men. Herein, we present a new method for the treatment of gynecomastia, using ultrasound-assisted liposuction with both conventional and reverse-cutting edge tip cannulas in combination with a pull-through lipectomy technique with pituitary forceps through a single transaxillary incision. Thirty patients were treated with this technique at the author's institution from January 2010 to January 2015. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2011 Feb;31(2):214-24

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-9132, USA.

Background: The emergence of new technologies necessitates a study of current trends in liposuction and other methods for fat removal.

Objective: The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) conducted a survey of its members to gain valuable information from Board-certified plastic surgeons about their experience with new technologies for fat removal and managing complications after liposuction.

Methods: The ASAPS Current Trends in Liposuction Survey was emailed to 1713 ASAPS members. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2008 May;121(5):355e-356e

Dipartimento di Scienze Ortopediche, Traumatologiche, Riabilitative e Plastico-Ricostruttive, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, TESLAB, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008 Jan 20;32(1):111-5. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

Department of Orthopedic, Traumatologic, Rehabilitative, and Plastic Reconstructive Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine and Surgery, via L. De Crecchio 3, 80138 Napoli, Italy.

This study aimed to observe the effects of ultrasound waves at different frequencies on abdominal fat tissue. External ultrasound-assisted lipectomy (XUAL) via both histologic and immunohistochemic examinations was used to assess adipose tissue alterations, including cells and collagenic fibers. The results, at the immunofluorescence level, show that ultrasound used at 1 MHz with a potency of 3 W resulted in no alterations or only limited cell destruction with collagen fibers intact. Read More

Acta Chir Belg 2006 Nov-Dec;106(6):647-53

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Sart-Tilman Liège, Belgium.

Liposuction is currently the most frequently performed aesthetic operation in the world. Despite its wide-spread popularity, it should nevertheless be stated that it is not trivial surgery, not always benign and not as safe as intimated in the glossy office brochures. Since the initial description of liposuction, numerous changes have taken place. Read More

Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao 2004 Nov;24(11):1331-2

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 174 Hospital of PLA, Xiamen 361003, China.

Objective: To find a safe, effective and simple method for liposuction in the upper legs.

Methods: After appropriate choices of the incision, range of suction, and the method for liposuction, 32 patients received external ultrasound-assisted tumescent liposuction in the upper legs with local anesthesia.

Results: All the patients recovered smoothly and quickly from the operation with satisfactory effects of weight reduction and shaping of the legs, and no obvious complications occurred in these cases. Read More

Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2004 Mar;20(2):86-9

Department of Plastics and Burns, TangDu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.

Objective: To discuss the therapeutic effects and safety of external ultrasound-assisted liposuction and to find out the rules of circumference variation in different body areas after liposuction.

Methods: External ultrasound liposuction was performed on 500 patients (595 sites). We recorded the volume of anesthetic drugs and the aspirated pure fat as well as the body contour variations of every area at one to three months postoperatively. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2003 Feb;111(2):909-23; discussion 924-5

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, USA.

Gynecomastia, or excessive male breast development, has an incidence of 32 to 65 percent in the male population. This condition has important physical and psychological impacts. Advances in elucidating the pathophysiology of gynecomastia have been made, though understanding remains limited. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2000 Jul-Aug;24(4):270-4

External ultrasound-assisted liposuction (XUAL) is a new technique that requires traditional aspirative liposuction after the application of high frequency ultrasonic fields delivered through the skin into a wetted tissue. Initial data suggest that it has some advantages over the traditional procedure, especially regarding the achievement of less traumatic surgery with superior clinical outcome. This preliminary report describes a comparative study between conventional liposuction and the external ultrasound-assisted technique as the modality of treatment for fat deposits in 65 bilateral anatomical areas. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2000 May;105(6):2152-8; discussion 2159-60

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75390-9132, USA.

A comparative histologic and chemical analysis was undertaken of adipose tissue treated in vivo with traditional, ultrasound-assisted, and external ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty. A series of six healthy women undergoing elective liposuction according to the superwet technique using a 1:1 infiltration ratio with the estimated quantity of fat to be removed was included in the study. Four separate regions on each patient were treated independently in vivo with traditional liposuction, internal ultrasound-assisted liposuction, or external ultrasound-assisted liposuction for 7 minutes. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2000 Apr;26(4):329-32

Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Cooper Hospital University Health System, Marlton, New Jersey, USA.

Background: Use of high-intensity, high-frequency external ultrasound before liposuction has been reported to enhance the ease of fat extraction, increase the amount of fat extracted, and decrease patient discomfort during liposuction.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of application of high-intensity continuous wave ultrasound to extremely low-intensity ultrasound (placebo) prior to tumescent liposuction.

Methods: A total of 19 patients (25 sites) completed the double-blind study. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2000 Feb;105(2):785-91

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami, Delray Beach, Fla., USA.

External ultrasonic lipoplasty is an effective method for the removal of localized fat and the fat due to moderate obesity. The ultrasound is externally applied and transmitted through the skin surface. The acoustic waves are selectively absorbed by previously injected tumescent fluid and fat. Read More

Semin Cutan Med Surg 1999 Jun;18(2):139-48

Coronado Skin Medical Center, Inc, CA 92118, USA.

Liposuction is a procedure that has been widely used since the 1980s. The introduction of the tumescent technique in 1987 greatly improved the safety of the procedure. Innovative techniques and equip ment modifications have continued to evolve, broadening the scope of application and improving the results that can be obtained. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 1999 Apr;26(2):279-82; ix

Plastic Surgery Section, Indianapolis Institute for Plastic Surgery, St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers, Indiana, USA.

The ideal ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty candidate differs little from the ideal candidate for traditional lipoplasty. This ideal candidate is within 20% of their ideal body weight (as determined by the insurance company statistics; i.e. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 1998 Feb;101(2):552