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Brain Sci 2022 Jun 7;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a rare but devastating complication of advanced cancer. Breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma are the three most common causes of LMC, whereas it is rare in ovarian cancer. Here, we report the case of a 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with LMC from ovarian cancer and was successfully treated with intrathecal chemotherapy via Ommaya reservoir and radiation therapy. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2022 14;15:659-667. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Pharmacy Department, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a known sequel of metastatic lung cancer and its treatment is challenging. Nevertheless, treatment options for LMC due to metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant (-mutant) lung adenocarcinoma are expanding. We present a 52-year-old male patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Read More

Med Pharm Rep 2022 Jan 31;95(1):88-91. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

"Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Gastric cancer is the 5 most common malignancy worldwide. Signet ring cell histology represents an aggressive subtype of gastric cancer, presenting at a younger age. Both breast and leptomeningeal metastases are rare locations of tumor dissemination, requiring correct and immediate diagnosis and treatment. Read More

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2022 31;12(1):59-63. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

St. Joseph's University Medical Center, United States.

A 75-year-old male presented with lower back pain, bilateral lower extremity weakness, decreased sensation to vibration and proprioception in lower extremities, anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency. The MRI of the lumbar spine revealed extensive leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) and B12 deficiency with negative intrinsic factor antibodies. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2022 Jun 14. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: With the development of imaging, the etiology of ocular lesions caused by lung cancer was not found only intraocular. Neuro-ophthalmological imaging has been found to be useful for the diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis, although few studies have previously been published. Our study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if there was a the relationship between ocular symptoms and lung cancer metastasis. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 May 31;14(11). Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.

PET-CT is an advanced imaging modality with many oncologic applications, including staging, assessment of response to therapy, restaging, and longitudinal surveillance for recurrence. The goal of this series of six review articles is to provide practical information to providers and imaging professionals regarding the best use of PET-CT for specific oncologic indications, and the potential pitfalls and nuances that characterize these applications. In addition, key tumor-specific clinical information and representative PET-CT images are provided to outline the role that PET-CT plays in the management of oncology patients. Read More

Clin Transl Med 2022 Jun;12(6):e885

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) occur in patients with breast cancer (BC) and lung cancer (LC) showing exceptionally poor prognosis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumour microenvironment (TME) of LM patients is not well defined at a single-cell level. Based on the 10× genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GEO database including five patient-derived CSF samples of BC-LM and LC-LM, and four patient-derived CSF samples of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) as controls, we analysed single-cell transcriptome characteristics of CSF TME in LM patients compared to controls simultaneously and comprehensively. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 8;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Leptomeningeal disease is rare in pancreatic cancer and prognosis remains poor. Mutation profiles are now directing therapy to improve survival. We describe a case of leptomeningeal and brain metastasis in BRCA1 interacting protein 1, or BRIP1-mutated pancreatic adenocarcinoma with progression through several lines of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 8;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kent Hospital, Warwick, RI, USA

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is very rare and, when present, it is frequently asymptomatic. Rather, CNS involvement is more common in other haematological malignancies such as mantle cell lymphoma or diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The paucity of literature on CNS involvement in CLL underscores the importance of increasing awareness about its presentation, diagnosis and optimal management. Read More

Neuro Oncol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE, Lisbon, Portugal.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown durable antitumor activity in pretreated patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC), but its efficacy has not yet been evaluated in patients with active brain metastases (BMs). DEBBRAH aims to assess T-DXd in patients with HER2-positive or HER2-low ABC and central nervous system involvement.

Methods: This ongoing, five-cohort, phase II study (NCT04420598) enrolled patients with pretreated HER2-positive or HER2-low ABC with stable, untreated, or progressing BMs and/or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Read More

Vet Pathol 2022 May 31:3009858221100433. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Ireland.

This case series describes the clinical and pathological findings of intracranial neoplasms in cattle, a rare entity. Data and archived tissues from 24 intracranial tumors were reviewed and investigated by immunohistochemistry for S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, pancytokeratin, vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. Ages of affected cattle ranged from 6 months to 14 years (5. Read More

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022 19;18:1069-1075. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.

Objective: To explore the disease manifestations and radiological characteristics of patients with meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) combined with myelopathy.

Patients And Methods: The detailed medical information of patients who suffered from MC with myelopathy in record system were collected and reviewed.

Results: In these patients, five cases were male and two cases were female. Read More

BMC Cancer 2022 May 25;22(1):580. Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital &Thoracic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) provide a better prognosis in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the outcome of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remains poor. In addition, due to limited access to intracranial tumour tissue, gene alterations associated with leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (LM-LUAD) are unclear. Read More

Clin Lung Cancer 2022 Jul 29;23(5):446-455. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Introduction: Leptomeningeal (LM) disease occurs in 9% to 10% of EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. The natural history and optimal systemic treatment strategies for this disease are not well-characterized, particularly in the era of osimertinib.

Materials And Methods: We identified 54 patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC and LM disease diagnosed between January 3, 2000 to March 31, 2020 and treated at an academic oncology practice in Seattle, Washington. Read More

Front Surg 2022 25;9:850050. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.

Metastasis of ovarian carcinoma to the central nervous system occurs in <2% of cases and classically localizes within the brain parenchyma. Moreover, leptomeningeal spread of these tumors is an exceedingly rare phenomenon. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the current literature on the natural history, treatment options, and proposed pathogenic mechanisms of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in ovarian carcinoma. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 10;14(4):e24008. Epub 2022 Apr 10.

Neurological Surgery, Texas Brain and Spine Institute, Bryan, USA.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) after metastasis of breast cancer is a rare occurrence with potentially devastating complications. Treatment options are limited, and there is a lack of literature on this topic. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with estrogen/progesterone receptor negative (ER/PR-), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast who underwent bilateral mastectomies with axillary lymph node dissection and chemotherapy treatment. Read More

Arch Clin Cases 2022 6;9(1):6-11. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, Portugal.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is exceedingly rare in gastric cancer. It is most commonly seen in breast, lung cancer and melanoma, and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. If untreated, median overall survival is four to six weeks. Read More

Front Oncol 2022 12;12:787080. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Thoracic Oncology Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France.

Immunotherapy has now been integrated as a treatment strategy for most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the pivotal clinical trials that demonstrated its impressive efficacy often did not include patients with active, untreated brain metastases or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Nevertheless, NSCLC is the most common tumor to metastasize to the brain, and patients develop brain and meningeal involvement in approximately 40 and 10% of cases, respectively. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022 Jun 23;193(3):613-623. Epub 2022 Apr 23.

Breast Medical Oncology Faculty, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Purpose: Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are an aggressive complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with brain metastases (BM), with a short survival of weeks to months. Studies suggest that surgical resection of BM may increase the risk of LM, especially in infratentorial metastases. In this retrospective study, we examine this and other factors which may be associated with increased risk of LM. Read More

Neurohospitalist 2022 Apr 9;12(2):424-425. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.

Cureus 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22806. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is the result of metastatic infiltration of the leptomeninges by malignant cells originating from an extra-meningeal primary tumor site. We describe a patient with active breast cancer who presented with thunderclap headaches (THs) and imaging showing multi-segment irregular arterial narrowing of intracranial vasculature. A 58-year-old Caucasian woman with active stage IV estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma and migraine presented with THs. Read More

J Clin Pharmacol 2022 Apr 4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Clinical Pharmacology, Oncology Business Unit, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, California, USA.

Lorlatinib is a third-generation, brain-penetrant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with robust intracranial activity in patients with ALK- or ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data from the ongoing open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase-1/2 study of lorlatinib in patients with metastatic ALK- or ROS1-positive NSCLC were used to further investigate the potential brain penetration of lorlatinib. Patients received escalating lorlatinib doses (10-200 mg once daily or 35-100 mg twice daily) or the approved dosing (100 mg daily). Read More

Neuroradiology 2022 Jul 28;64(7):1447-1456. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 220, Memphis, TN, 38015, USA.

Purpose: Accurate detection of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is critical for risk stratification and treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Poor-quality staging MRI has been associated with decreased survival in this population, but technical factors differentiating good from poor quality screening MRIs remain undefined. To test the hypothesis that key technical factors are associated with accurate MRI diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis in children with leptomeningeal seeding brain tumors. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 7;14(3):e22923. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Anatomical Pathology, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a rare complication of primary malignancy that spreads to leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Due to its rarity, it is often diagnosed as a late complication of an advanced tumor. This report presents a case study of a 72-year-old nonsmoking female with multiple comorbidities with two-week rapidly progressive cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Read More

Strahlenther Onkol 2022 05 10;198(5):475-483. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Background: Although there is no proven standard therapy for leptomeningeal metastases (LM), treatment often includes intrathecal chemotherapy combined with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Little is known about the toxicity of such combination therapies. We performed a retrospective safety analysis for the combination of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine with WBRT in patients with LM and validated the EANO-ESMO (European Association of Neuro-oncology-European Society for Medical Oncology) classification in this unique cohort. Read More

Brain Dev 2022 Jun 5;44(6):421-425. Epub 2022 Mar 5.

Division of Clinical Laboratory, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan.

Introduction: Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis is an extremely rare variant of primary melanoma of the central nervous system. It is characterized by a variety of nonspecific clinical, radiological, and histopathological features requiring differential diagnosis from a variety of diseases. Here, we aimed to use our own clinical case as an example of the difficulties in the diagnosis of this disease. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2022 04 3;13(7):1059-1066. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: To investigate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the prognosis of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Patients with lung adenocarcinoma complicated with cytologically confirmed leptomeningeal metastasis who visited Peking Union Medical College Hospital (blinded for review) between January 2012 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. We collected the patients' clinical and neuroimaging findings and pathological data. Read More

JMA J 2022 Jan 28;5(1):151-156. Epub 2021 Dec 28.

Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and highly aggressive salivary gland tumor with rapid growth, distant metastasis, and a high recurrence rate. Moreover, the parotid gland is the most common site with a poor prognosis. A lower frequency of distance metastasis to the liver, skin, and brain has also been reported, although the lungs, bones, and lymph nodes are the most common sites of SDC metastasis. Read More

Dis Markers 2022 17;2022:7076385. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.

Purpose: To evaluate the value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing in optic neuropathy (ON) patients with malignant tumors.

Methods: Fourteen patients clinically diagnosed as ON with malignant tumors but without intracranial or orbital mass in MRI were included in this study. Detailed medical records including medical history, complete ophthalmic examination, colour fundus photography, visual field test, orbital MRI examination, serum and CSF testing data were collected and analyzed. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2022 03;17(3):e33-e34

Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: