J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017 Jul 12;5(4):525-532. Epub 2017 May 12.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.

Background: The Effect of Surgery and Compression on Healing and Recurrence (ESCHAR) trial previously reported that patients with venous leg ulcers treated with saphenous stripping experienced a significantly reduced incidence of ulcer recurrence compared with patients treated with compression therapy. Most patients with leg ulcers and saphenous insufficiency are currently treated with endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA), but little information is available on the long-term results after EVTA in Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) clinical class 5 (C5) and class 6 (C6) patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all CEAP C5 or C6 patients treated with EVTA to define the incidence of ulcer healing and recurrence. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2017 2;5:2050313X17712643. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Absolute Aesthetics, Guildford, UK.

A 40-year-old woman with a history of alopecia areata related to stress or hormonal changes was treated for bilateral primary symptomatic varicose veins (CEAP clinical score C2S) of pelvic origin, using a staged procedure. Her first procedure entailed pelvic vein embolisation of three pelvic veins using 14 coils and including foam sclerotherapy of the tributaries, using 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Following this procedure, she had an exacerbation of alopecia areata with some moderate shedding of hair. Read More

Am Health Drug Benefits 2016 Nov;9(8):455-465

Vice President, Xcenda.

Background: Approximately 24% of adults in the United States have visible varicose veins, and an estimated 6% have evidence of advanced chronic venous disease. The majority of individuals with varicose veins seek treatment because of symptoms, such as aching, throbbing, fatigue, pruritus, ankle swelling, and tenderness, rather than cosmetic reasons. Furthermore, varicose veins are a manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency, which can progress to leg pain, leg edema, chronic skin changes, and nonhealing ulcers. Read More

Int Angiol 2017 Aug 31;36(4):368-374. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Novosibirsk State Budget Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry for Public Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Background: The aim of study was to estimate the safety and efficacy of using laser wavelength of 1560 nm with the foam sclerotherapy (FS) of varicose veins (VVs) for the treatment of severe primary chronic venous insufficiency (CVI, C4-C6) in patients with different diameters of the proximal segment (DPS) of the great saphenous vein (GSV).

Methods: We have separated the patients into two groups depending on the size of GSV: group 1 (281 cases; DPS of GSV less than 15 mm) and group 2 (210 cases; DPS of GSV more than 15 mm). Both groups received the endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the saphenous vein trunk, incompetent perforator veins (IPs) and FS (Tessari method) of VVs. Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2017 Feb 2;19(1):30-35. Epub 2016 Dec 2.

c "Casa di Cura Città di Parma" , Parma , Italy.

Background: Visible leg veins are not only a mere aesthetic problem, but may also be manifestation of altered microcirculation and superficial venous incompetency. Sclerotherapy is the first-line treatment for leg veins < 4 mm, but it often needs multiple sessions and sometimes fails. The main limitations of transcutaneous laser treatment are the diameter and the depth of the veins: the greater, the harder photothermolysis is, so that higher powers may lead to aesthetic complications. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 11 29;11:CD010878. Epub 2016 Nov 29.

Academic Vascular Unit, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, UK, S1 4DA.

Background: Short (or small) saphenous vein (SSV) varices occur as a result of an incompetent sapheno-popliteal junction, where the SSV joins the popliteal vein, resulting in reflux in the SSV; they account for about 15% of varicose veins. Untreated varicose veins may sometimes lead to ulceration of the leg, which is difficult to manage. Traditionally, treatment was restricted to surgery or conservative management. Read More

Ann Vasc Surg 2017 Feb 22;39:286.e11-286.e14. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.

We report a case of pulsatile varicose veins successfully managed by endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) of the great saphenous vein (GSV). A 77-year-old woman taking an anticoagulant was transferred to our hospital for pulsatile varicose veins complicated with repeated venous bleeding from an ulcer of her left lower leg. Doppler echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation, and duplex ultrasonography revealed an arterial-like pulsating flow in the saphenofemoral junction and along the GSV, but an arteriovenous fistula, obstruction of the deep veins, and the distal incompetent perforators were not detected. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2016 Jul;105(14):813-9

2 Angiologie, Universitätsspital Basel.

Venous leg symptoms are frequent, but their relevance is frequently underestimated. With the introduction of effective, minimal-invasive endovenous treatment modalities the treatment of varicose veins has recently made major advances. The basis of every treatment decision is a competent anamnesis, clinical investigation and duplex scan. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2016 May;42 Suppl 2:S131-8

*Maryland Laser, Skin and Vein Institute, Hunt Valley, Maryland; †Gold Skin Care Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ‡Division of Dermatology, Section of Procedural Dermatology, Cooper University Health Care, Marlton, New Jersey.

Background: Patients increasingly seek to enhance the appearance of their legs. Elimination of unwanted leg veins, reduction of epidermal photo-aging changes such as solar lentigines and keratoses, tightening of skin laxity and reduction of adipose tissue are among the most commonly requested goals. Many patients require a combination approach to address their concerns. Read More

J Invest Surg 2016 Oct 24;29(5):254-9. Epub 2016 Mar 24.

a Department of Radiology , Wuxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital , Wuxi , China.

Background: Endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) is safe and effective for lower limb venous ulcers. However, severe necrosis and infection in the ulcer area are contraindications of puncture and EVLT. Local bath with ozone gas has been shown to improve the condition of ulcer areas. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016 Aug 16;52(2):234-41. Epub 2016 Mar 16.

Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Objective/background: The objective was to identify predictors to develop and validate a prognostic model of recanalization of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in patients treated with endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA).

Methods: The search strategy of Siribumrungwong was updated between August 2011 and August 2014 using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane register to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in which patients presenting with GSV reflux were treated with radiofrequency or endovenous laser ablation. Leg level data (n = 1226) of 15/23 selected RCTs were pooled. Read More

J Vasc Nurs 2016 Mar;34(1):12-6

The Mapperley Park Clinic, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objectives: Inadvertent intra-arterial injection is a rare and serious complication of sclerotherapy. Multiple treatments have been used in reported cases, with varying levels of success. We report a rare case of intra-arterial injection being treated with steroids and pulsed dye laser therapy and present a plan for future incidences. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016 Jan 14;50(1):47-51. Epub 2016 Jan 14.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

Purpose: To compare endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency venous ablation (RFA) in different legs in the same patients with venous insufficiency.

Methods: Sixty patients with bilateral saphenous vein insufficiency were included. Endovenous laser ablation or RFA was applied to one of the patient's legs and the remaining procedure, RFA or EVLA, to the other leg. Read More

Diagn Interv Radiol 2015 Sep-Oct;21(5):410-4

Department of Radiology, Private Ortadoğu Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

Purpose: We aimed to assess hemodynamic changes in calf perforator veins (PVs) after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of saphenous veins.

Methods: The series comprised 60 limbs of 41 patients (27 female, 14 male; median age, 43 years [range, 22-78 years]) who underwent EVLA for varicose veins. All patients were prospectively evaluated by means of color Doppler ultrasonography before and after the procedure. Read More

Phlebology 2016 May 29;31(4):275-82. Epub 2015 May 29.

Hemostasis & Thrombosis Research Laboratories, Loyola University, Maywood, USA.

Objective: Assessments of endogenous pro-thrombotic biomarkers are performed invariably on arm blood. However, the commonest site for thrombosis is in the leg. A leg blood sample may reflect local pro-thrombotic processes more accurately than systemic arm blood. Read More

Angiology 2015 Oct 5;66(9):882-8. Epub 2015 Jan 5.

Hemostasis & Thrombosis Research Laboratories, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA.

d-Dimer is a prothrombotic biomarker and a very sensitive measure of endogenous fibrinolysis. It is used as a screening test for suspected deep vein thrombosis. This study investigated whether d-dimer levels were increased in the varicose veins of patients in comparison to their own arm samples. Read More

Trials 2014 Dec 19;15:497. Epub 2014 Dec 19.

Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Junior s/n, CEP 18,618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

Background: The prevalence of chronic venous disease is high and occurs more frequently in females. According to the clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathological classification (CEAP) definition, the reticular veins are included in the C1 class and are mainly associated with aesthetic complaints. Several invasive techniques are used for treatment, including mini phlebectomy, laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2014 Dec;40(12):1309-18

*Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; †Maryland Laser, Skin & Vein Institute, Hunt Valley, Maryland; ‡Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; §Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California; ‖Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; ¶Department of Dermatology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; #Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Background: The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) periodically develops consensus documents for its members concerning various aspects of dermatologic surgery. Unwanted and painful leg veins are a very widespread problem. Many advances in sclerotherapy of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins have occurred since the previous consensus documents. Read More

Phlebology 2015 Oct 8;30(9):627-31. Epub 2014 Oct 8.

Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA.

Objective: To identify the anatomical and clinical parameters that predict lack of regression of superficial varicosities after ablation of the great saphenous vein.

Methods: Symptomatic patients treated with endovenous ablation from August 2006 to July 2013, by a single surgeon, were included. Recorded parameters included age, sex, size, and extent of varicosities (class I-IV) (patient standing), and diameter and length (patient supine) of treated great saphenous vein. Read More

N Z Med J 2014 Aug 1;127(1399):43-50. Epub 2014 Aug 1.

Auckland Regional Vascular Services, Auckland City Hospital, Private Bag 92 024, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of adopting endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) as the primary treatment modality for varicose veins at Auckland City Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand).

Methods: The outcomes of 354 consecutive EVLT procedures performed between 2007 and 2013 were reviewed. Data was collected from a prospectively maintained procedural database and by retrospective chart review. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015 Mar 28;29(3):549-54. Epub 2014 Jul 28.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Background: Telangiectasias of the lower extremities are very common. There are no blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing laser modalities with the gold standard sclerotherapy, while the few available studies encompass small patients cohorts.

Objective: This prospective, randomized, open-label trial compares the efficacy of sclerotherapy with polidocanol vs. Read More

Phlebology 2015 Jul 30;30(6):397-404. Epub 2014 Apr 30.

Dept. of Dermatology, University Clinic of Mainz, Germany

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endovenous cyanoacrylate-based embolization of incompetent great saphenous veins.

Methods: Incompetent great saphenous veins in 38 patients were embolized by cyanoacrylate bolus injections under ultrasound guidance without the use of perivenous tumescent anesthesia or graduated compression stockings. Follow-up was performed over a period of 24 months. Read More

Practitioner 2013 Nov-Dec;257(1766):21-4, 2-3

Imperial College London.

Up to 30% of the UK population are affected by varicose veins. They are a manifestation of increased venous pressure in the lower limb caused by impaired venous return. Primary varicosities result from poor drainage from the superficial to the deep venous system. Read More

J Mal Vasc 2014 Feb 18;39(1):26-46. Epub 2014 Jan 18.

7, rue Lesdiguières, 38000 Grenoble, France.

Unlabelled: The quality standards of the French Society for Vascular Medicine for the ultrasound assessment of the superficial venous system of the lower limbs are based on the two following requirements: technical know-how (mastering the use of ultrasound devices and the method of examination); medical know-how (ability to adapt the methods and scope of the examination to its clinical indications and purpose and to rationally analyze and interpret its results).

Aims Of The Quality Standards: To describe an optimal method of examination in relation to the clinical question and hypothesis; to achieve consistent practice, methods, glossary terminologies and reporting; to provide good practice reference points and to promote a high quality process.

Themes Of The Quality Standard: The three levels of examination. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014 Jan;96(1):5-10

Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.

This review presents the common diseases associated with superficial venous insufficiency of the leg. These include varicose veins, swelling, skin damage and ulceration. The benefits and rationale behind treatment are discussed, followed by the historical advances from ancient mortality and prayer to the modern endovenous revolution. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2014 Mar 24;29(2):393-403. Epub 2013 Dec 24.

Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Burgemeester's Jacobplein 51, 3015 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a commonly used and very effective minimally invasive therapy to manage leg varicosities. Yet, and despite a clinical history of 16 years, no international consensus on a best treatment protocol has been reached so far. Evidence presented in this paper supports the opinion that insufficient knowledge of the underlying physics amongst frequent users could explain this shortcoming. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014 Feb 11;47(2):172-9. Epub 2013 Nov 11.

Department of Surgery, Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Objectives: Ischemic conditioning (IC) is a method of angiogenic stimulus for limb ischemia. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of short-term repeated ischemic stimulus on critical lower limb ischemic injury.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups consisting of 40 animals in each group: sham, ischemia, local IC, and remote IC groups. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2014 Mar;29(2):405-22

Endovenous laser treatment (ELT) has evolved into a frequently employed modality for the treatment of leg varicose veins. Due to the very high complete response rates, minimal complications and side effects, and the possibility to monitor therapeutic outcome noninvasively by duplex ultrasound, a considerable amount of reports have been published on clinical and translational studies, whereas disproportionally few studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular and cellular basis for post-ELT vessel obliteration. Consequently, this review addresses the putative molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for varicose vein obliteration following laser irradiation in the context of endovenous laser–tissue interactions. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2014 Mar 13;29(2):481-92. Epub 2013 Nov 13.

Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (SNIP), Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,

Leg telangiectasias and reticular veins are a common complaint affecting more than 80% of the population to some extent. To date, the gold standard remains sclerotherapy for most patients. However, there may be some specific situations, where sclerotherapy is contraindicated such as needle phobia, allergy to certain sclerosing agents, and the presence of vessels smaller than the diameter of a 30-gauge needle (including telangiectatic matting). Read More

J Wound Care 2013 Oct;22(10 Suppl):S20-2

Medical Director, Vein Experts, Water’s Edge Dermatology, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, US.

The technique of foam sclerotherapy directed at the distal most vessels, draining the ulcer bed was first described in 2010, with excellent penetration into the underlying venous network possible with this technique. Thirty-five patients have now been treated with this technique as the initial treatment at Midwest Vein Laser, USA. There have been no complications with this technique and rapid healing occurred within 4-8 weeks after the initial treatment in 90% of the patients, and all ulcers were healed at 4 months. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2014 Feb 11;46(2):81-8. Epub 2013 Oct 11.

Main Line Center for Laser Surgery, Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 19003.

Background And Objectives: This study investigated a novel, high-power, 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG, KTP laser with contact cooling for the treatment of spider veins of the lower extremities.

Study: Twenty female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I-III, were treated to 79 sites using the 532 nm wavelength of a dual-wavelength 532/1,064 nm laser (Excel V, Cutera, Brisbane, CA) with a 5 mm-diameter spot, fluences ranging from 13 to 15 J/cm(2) , and a pulse-duration of 40 milliseconds. Two treatments were performed 12 weeks apart. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Oct 4(10):CD009494. Epub 2013 Oct 4.

Academic Vascular Surgical Unit, University of Hull/ Hull York Medical School, Vascular Surgical Dept, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull, East Yorkshire, UK, HU3 2JZ.

Background: Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of treatment for venous leg ulcers is compression therapy, which has been shown to enhance ulcer healing rates. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013 Nov 5;46(5):588-92. Epub 2013 Sep 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.

Objectives: To determine if the duration of wearing compression stockings after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the great saphenous vein (GSV) has influence on pain and quality of life.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Between December 2006 and February 2008, 109 consecutive patients with EVLA of the GSV were analyzed. Read More

Phlebology 2014 Dec 29;29(10):658-66. Epub 2013 Aug 29.

Instituto Médico Vilafortuny, Cambrils, Tarragona, Spain

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of a new method of clearing varicose veins in the long term. It consists of applying the long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser following the injection of polidocanol microfoam, in two consecutive sessions, treating both legs in full in each session.

Method: Randomized, Polidocanol-controlled, blind evaluation clinical trial comparing the results between 79 legs treated with Polidocanol and 517 treated with Polidocanol + Laser. Read More

Phlebology 2014 Oct 17;29(9):608-18. Epub 2013 Jul 17.

BTG International, Philadelphia, PA, USA and London, UK

Objective: VANISH-2 Investigator Group: K Gibson, Bellevue, WA, USA; M Goldman, San Diego, CA, USA; P Hertzman, Los Alamos, NM, USA; S Hirsch, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; R Hye, San Diego, CA, USA; M Isaacs, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; M Plaza-Ponte, Monroeville, PA, USA; S Rathbun, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; J Rhodes, Rochester, NY, USA; G Rosenberg, Frederick, MD, USA; M Schul, Lafayette, IN, USA; M Stanbro, Greenville, SC, USA; and R Weiss, Hunt Valley, MD, USA To determine efficacy and safety of polidocanol endovenous microfoam in treatment of symptoms and appearance in patients with saphenofemoral junction incompetence due to reflux of the great saphenous vein or major accessory veins.

Method: Patients were randomized equally to receive polidocanol endovenous microfoam 0.5%, polidocanol endovenous microfoam 1. Read More

Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2013 ;172(1):16-9

An analysis of results of the endovenous laser coagulation combined with crossectomy was made in 170 patients with varicose veins of lower extremities (C(VI), C(II)-C(V)). Clinical and ultrasonic data were investigated during a period of 3-5 days (45 lower extremities) and followed up in 1-3 years after operation (194 lower extremities). Three years later the absence of reflux was observed in 95. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2013 Aug;169(2):365-73

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Background: Telangiectatic leg veins (TLV) represent a common cosmetic problem. Near infrared lasers have been widely used in treatment because of their deeper penetration into the dermis, but with varying degrees of success, particularly because of different vessel diameters. Indocyanine green (ICG)-augmented diode laser treatment (ICG+DL) may present an alternative treatment option. Read More

Int Surg 2012 Oct-Dec;97(4):293-5

1  Department of Vascular Surgery.

Laser ablation for varicose veins is a common practice, and postoperative complications may happen. A retained foreign body could be left accidently in the treated leg. It is rarely reported in literature. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2013 Feb 10;39(2):255-62. Epub 2012 Dec 10.

Instituto Médico Vilafortuny, Fundación Antoni de Gimbernat, Cambrils, Spain.

Background: This clinical study reports our experience with endovenous laser treatment (ELT) in which external air cooling is used without classic tumescent anesthesia.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-two patients underwent ELT under general sedation. In group A (n = 192), ELT was performed with air cooling but without the concurrent use of tumescent anesthesia. Read More

Indian J Plast Surg 2012 May;45(2):266-74

Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Venous ulcers are the most common ulcers of the lower limb. It has a high morbidity and results in economic strain both at a personal and at a state level. Chronic venous hypertension either due to primary or secondary venous disease with perforator paucity, destruction or incompetence resulting in reflux is the underlying pathology, but inflammatory reactions mediated through leucocytes, platelet adhesion, formation of pericapillary fibrin cuff, growth factors and macromolecules trapped in tissue result in tissue hypoxia, cell death and ulceration. Read More

Orv Hetil 2012 Nov;153(47):1863-9

Á+B Klinika Budapest Népszínház u.

Introduction: The incidence of varicose veins in the lower limb is relatively frequent in Europe including Hungary.

Aim: Authors report their 5-year experience in varicose vein laser surgery focusing with regards to recurrence and complication rates.

Patients And Methods: Surgery was performed on 647 lower limbs in 546 patients with an age between 17 and 80 years. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2012 Oct;101(20):1297-307

Institut für Hausarztmedizin, Universität Zürich.

Minimally invasive treatments of varicosis are increasingly establishing. Short and intermediate-term outcomes of endovenous treatments are satisfying: success rates are comparable with conventional surgery, whereas recovery is faster and complication rates are lower. Success rates are highest for endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2012 Nov 3;30(11):672-7. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of incompetent perforating veins (IPVs) with 1470 nm laser with 400 μm radial fiber.

Background Data: EVLA for perforating veins can be performed with insignificant postprocedural morbidity. This allows treatment to be offered to elderly patients with comorbidities that would preclude anesthesia for surgical treatment or subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS). Read More

Phlebology 2013 Aug 6;28(5):264-7. Epub 2013 May 6.

VenusCentre Vein Clinic, Brisbane 4103, Australia.

Objectives: To discuss safety of EVLA in anomalies of the GSV anatomy. To review and discuss complications of surgery involving anomalous anatomy.

Method: We report a case of high bifurcation of the common femoral artery wrapping around the saphenofemoral junction. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2012 Jul-Aug;25(4):340-51

Istituto di Chirurgia e Laserchirurgia In Dermatologia, Milano, Italy.

In 1983, selective photothermolysis dramatically transformed vascular surgery, reducing the adverse effects and increasing its efficacy. As a result, laser surgery is now considered the gold standard treatment for many congenital and acquired skin vascular disorders. In this paper, the authors analyze the main laser sources for vascular surgery, the general parameters regarding laser-tissue interactions that can influence the treatment (such as hemodynamic features, anatomical areas, vessel depth, and diameters), and other aspects important for a good laser practice. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2013 May 11;28(3):925-33. Epub 2012 Aug 11.

Instituto Médico Laser, Madrid, Spain.

Treatment of micro-veins of less than 1.5 mm with laser and with chemical sclerosis is technically challenging because of their difficulty to remedy. Laser treatment is even more difficult when dark phototypes are involved. Read More

J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012 Sep 28;23(9):1165-73. Epub 2012 Jul 28.

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Purpose: To describe the short-term efficacy of a strategy of imaging-guided endovascular intervention for the treatment of patients with established postthrombotic syndrome (PTS).

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 183 patients with venous disease who were seen in a single interventional radiology clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Study inclusion criteria were (i) endovascular intervention performed to treat established PTS from January 1, 2000, to March 10, 2009; (ii) patient age greater than 18 years; and (iii) availability of follow-up records. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2012 Jul;39(3):269-80

Angiology Department, Clinica MD Barbantini, Via del Calcio 2, 5510 Lucca, Italy.

This article reviews published data on the effects of surgery and compression in the treatment of venous ulcers and the best options for compression therapy. Randomized controlled studies reveal that surgery and compression have similar effectiveness in healing ulcers but surgery is more effective in preventing recurrence. Most leg ulcers have a venous pathophysiology and occur because of venous ambulatory hypertension caused by venous reflux and impairment of the venous pumping function. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013 Feb 7;27(2):e206-11. Epub 2012 Jun 7.

Departments of Dermatology, Universities of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Background: Laser therapy of vascular lesions, such as port wine stains (PWS) or leg veins are still imperfect due to different diameters and depth of vessels in tissue. We propose to improve blood vessel coagulation by intravenous introduction of an exogenous chromophore (indocyanine green, ICG) that effectively converts near-infrared (NIR) laser light into heat.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma clearance rate, systemic toxicity and histological effects of ICG-assisted laser therapy in an animal model. Read More