Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2016 Jul-Sep;23(3):247-9

Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of argon laser photoablation of benign conjunctival pigmented nevi with different clinical presentations.

Patients And Methods: This interventional case series was conducted between July 2014 and January 2015. Patients presenting with benign conjunctival nevi were included. Read More

J Dermatol 2017 Jan 27;44(1):23-28. Epub 2016 Jun 27.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany.

Laser therapy has become a routine procedure in dermatological practice and is frequently also used for pigmented lesions. Few reports exist of melanomas diagnosed in lesions previously treated by laser therapy. Between 2007 and 2014, we identified 11 patients who presented to our department with a melanoma diagnosed in a region previously treated by laser therapy. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2016 Apr 12;48(4):354-9. Epub 2016 Jan 12.

Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background/objective: Solar lentigines are benign pigmented lesions that occur mostly on sun-exposed areas. Q-switched and ablative lasers are effective for removing these lesions but the high incidence of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation raises concern in darker skin types. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and degree of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with the Q-switched Nd:YAG and fractional carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser for treatment of solar lentigines in Asians. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2016 Apr 11;31(3):593-5. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Laser Unit, Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.

Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a common condition of pigmented skin. Whilst lesions are benign, they may be symptomatic or cosmetically disfiguring. Ablative lasers have previously been reported as a useful therapeutic modality in DPN. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2016 Jan 22;48(1):23-9. Epub 2015 Dec 22.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Background And Objectives: Photo-aging in Chinese often presents with benign pigmentary lesions. Q-switched lasers for pigmentary lesions in Asians had reported a risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) up to 25%. Longer pulse widths in the millisecond domains were advocated with reduced risk of PIH. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2015 Oct 26;47(8):643-50. Epub 2015 Aug 26.

Carolyn and Peter Lynch Center for Laser and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.

Background And Objective: Different subspecialists treat benign intraoral lesions using various approaches including surgical excision, medical therapy, sclerotherapy, and laser photocoagulation. The goal of this study was to establish whether lasers could effectively target and destroy oral lesions containing endogenous chromophores, while minimizing injury to unaffected adjacent tissues and critical structures.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study involved 26 cases of benign oral lesions, both vascular and pigmented, which were addressed by means of selective laser treatment. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2015 Mar-Apr;33(2):197-206

Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 21 South Road, Farmington, Connecticut. Electronic address:

Advances in laser technology in recent decades have increased the options for the treatment of dermatologic conditions of the eye and eyelid. Benign tumors can be laser-ablated with relative ease, and vascular and melanocytic lesions can be precisely targeted with modern lasers. In this contribution, we review treatment of periocular pigmented lesions, including melanocytic nevi and nevus of Ota; vascular lesions including telangiectasias, port wine stains, and infantile hemangiomas; hair removal; eyeliner tattoo removal; laser ablation of common benign periocular tumors, such as syringomas, xanthelasma, milia, and seborrheic keratoses; and laser resurfacing. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2015 Sep 16;30(7):1991-2001. Epub 2014 Dec 16.

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th AVE, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,

A nevus is described as a benign, often pigmented, skin growth that can be congenital or acquired. Different types of nevi are located at different depths within the skin. Traditional treatments for nevi include topical treatments, dermabrasion, and excision, which are generally ineffective, invasive, and often result in scars and dyspigmentation. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2013 Oct;169 Suppl 3:71-81

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Bayat Research Group, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Dermatology Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester,  Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M23 9LT, U.K.

Keloid disease (KD) is a common, benign, dermal fibroproliferative growth of unknown aetiology. Lesions tend to grow over time; they often recur following therapy and do not regress spontaneously. KD causes considerable discomfort due to pain, pruritus and inflammation, and a significant psychosocial impact with reduced quality of life. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2013 Oct 16;19(10):20027. Epub 2013 Oct 16.

Fort Belvoir Community Hospital.

The divided or kissing nevus is an unusual congenital melanocytic nevus. By definition, these nevi appear on skin that separates during embryological development. These lesions have been reported on the eyelids, fingers, and rarely the penis. Read More

J Cutan Med Surg 2013 Mar-Apr;17(2):139-42

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Policlinico Casilino, University of Tor Vergata in Rome, Italy.

Background: Skin resurfacing with the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser is currently a popular means of improving rhytides and scars and has been reported useful in the treatment for photodamaged skin, including precancerous and benign skin lesions, as well as superficial benign pigmented lesions.

Methods: We describe a 68-year-old man who developed rapid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the resurfaced areas 3 weeks following CO(2) laser resurfacing.

Results: Rapid occurrence of SCC should be considered a rare complication, and we recommend carefully considering CO(2) laser resurfacing after excision of an SCC and surveying any cancer recurrences. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2012 Nov;11(11):1327-30

Scripps Clinic Laser and Cosmetic Dermatology, San Diego, CA, USA.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel long-pulse alexandrite laser with contact cooling in the treatment of benign pigmented lesions.

Methods: Five patients were enrolled in the study. All patients presented with epidermal pigmented lesions on the arms, hands, chest, or legs. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2012 Feb 3;44(2):112-6. Epub 2012 Jan 3.

Dermatology Laser and Cosmetic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

Solar lentigines are considered one of the earliest signs of photoaging and are an extremely common cosmetic complaint. Successful removal of these lesions can be achieved with laser and non-laser light sources, and is one of the most frequently performed cosmetic procedures in laser centers. Distinguishing a benign lentigo from other pigmented lesions can sometimes be challenging, even for a trained dermatologist. Read More

Curr Probl Dermatol 2011 16;42:81-96. Epub 2011 Aug 16.

Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Benign pigmented lesions are a frequent complaint in dermatological patients, especially those seeking advice and therapy in a laser or cosmetic practice. Significant advances in laser technology over the last decades now allow us to effectively and safely treat various benign pigmented lesions. However, a thorough understanding of the biology of the lesion to be treated, the physical properties of the lasers to be used, and laser-tissue interactions is crucial for a successful and safe treatment. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2010 Dec;42(10):705-9

Division of Dermatology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA.

Background: The 595-nm pulsed dye laser has been used for the treatment of benign epidermal pigmented lesions (EPLs), but there is a risk of inducing undesirable purpura with treatment.

Objective: To compare a 607-nm laser with a commercially-available 595-nm laser for the treatment of EPLs.

Materials And Methods: Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to characterize laser interaction with skin. Read More

Laser Ther 2011 ;20(1):23-8

Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Fifteen years have passed since the first Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) devices were introduced into the market. A variety of devices that use light energy for aesthetic puposes are currently manufactured by several companies, and newer devices offering improved performance and features are periodically being introduced. Herein we present our experience with the MP-22 device (Lumenis Ltd. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2010 ;18(3):185-9

University Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, Zagreb, Croatia.

Although frequently performed, laser removal of pigmented lesions still contains certain controversial issues. Epidermal pigmented lesions include solar lentigines, ephelides, café au lait macules and seborrheic keratoses. Dermal lesions include melanocytic nevi, blue nevi, drug induced hyperpigmentation and nevus of Ota and Ito. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2010 ;18(3):176-80

University Hospital Center Zagreb , Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, Zagreb, Croatia.

Skin aging includes intrinsic aging, a universal and inevitable process attributable to the passage of the time alone; and photoaging, changes attributable to chronic sun exposure, which are neither universal nor inevitable. The major clinical features of aging skin include xerosis, laxity, wrinkles, slackness, and the occurrence of benign neoplasms such as seborrheic keratoses and cherry angiomas. Photoaging is characterized by dryness (roughness), actinic keratoses, irregular pigmentation (freckling, lentigines, guttate hypomelanosis, persistent hyperpigmentation), wrinkling, stellate pseudoscars, elastosis (fine nodularity and/or coarseness), inelasticity, telangiectasia, venous lakes, purpura (easy bruising), comedones (maladie de Favre et Racouchot) and sebaceous hyperplasia. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2009 Aug 31;21(3):255-60. Epub 2009 Aug 31.

Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM) is a dermal pigmented lesion common in individuals of Oriental origin. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) has been used successfully to treat a variety of benign, dermal, pigmented lesions, including nevus of Ota lesions. The similarity between ABNOM and nevus of Ota suggested that QSNYL may also be effective in the former. Read More

Int J Med Sci 2009 Nov 24;6(6):358-64. Epub 2009 Nov 24.

Department of Dental Sciences and Surgery, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 980 nm diode laser for the treatment of benign facial pigmented and vascular lesions, and in oral surgery.

Materials And Methods: 20 patients were treated with a 980 nm diode laser. Oral surgery: 5 patients (5 upper and lower frenulectomy). Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2009 Feb;8(2):138-44

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser skin resurfacing has been a mainstay of facial rejuvenation since its introduction in the mid 1990s. Recently, a new generation of fractional or microablative CO2 lasers has been introduced to the marketplace. According to the concept of fractional photothermolysis, these lasers ablate only a fraction of the epidermal and dermal architecture in the treatment area. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2009 Jan;41(1):10-6

Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Jamaica Plains Campus), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background And Significance: Melanoma accounts for 3% of all skin cancers but causes 83% of skin cancer deaths. The first step in treatment of melanoma is the removal of the lesions, usually by surgical excision. Currently most lesions are removed without intraoperative margin control. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2007 Jun;6(6):653-6

Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Indiana, Carmel, IN 46032, USA.

Benign pigmented lesions can be effectively treated with multiple modalities including lasers. The treatment of pigmented lesions in phototype IV skin is more complicated and challenging given the risk of pigmentation changes and scarring. We present the novel use of the long-pulsed Alexandrite 755 nm laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in sun-reactive phototype IV skin of patients of Japanese decent. Read More

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2007 Aug;15(3):367-80, vii

Department of Dermatology, Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Individuals of Asian heritage are predisposed to congenital and acquired pigmentary disorders. Cosmetic enhancement is frequently the primary treatment goal for these benign lesions. Accurate diagnosis of the nature of the pigmentary disorder is fundamental for administering safe and effective therapy. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2006 Feb;141(2):383-6

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an argon laser in the ablation of benign conjunctival pigmented nevi.

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: We conducted argon laser ablations for conjunctival pigmented nevus in 30 eyes of 28 patients. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2003 Jan;1(1):47-50

Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main.

Background: The increasing use of lasers for the removal of pigmented skin lesions has led to a growing risk of erroneously treated malignant melanocytic tumours.

Patients And Methods: In two patients, both of whom developed a melanoma, the lesions were initially misdiagnosed clinically as a benign naevus and treated with laser vaporisation.

Results: On recurrence of the tumours, the diagnosis of melanoma was finally established by histological examination of the excised tumours in which differentiation from pseudomelanoma remained difficult. Read More

J Clin Pathol 2005 Nov;58(11):1206-10

Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10-2N212, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD 20896, USA.

Background: Although nucleic acid derangements are the hallmark of melanocytic dysplasia, the gold standard for its diagnosis remains the microscopic evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin stained slides. However, light microscopy is subjective and crucial genomic changes do not always show as changes in histology.

Aims: To introduce the nucleic acid index (NAI) as a means of analysing nucleic acid derangements in histological sections at the level of the individual cell and within the context of its microenvironment. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2005 Sep;16(5):908-14

Division Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

Congenital nevi are benign proliferations present at birth that consist of cells normally present in the skin. Many of these lesions are disfiguring and a source of psychosocial impairment. Because of location or extent of the lesion, surgical excision of the nevus may leave a defect without favorable reconstructive options. Read More

Photomed Laser Surg 2005 Jun;23(3):324-7

Multilaser D. Therapy, Trieste, Italy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness and safety of the 808-nm wavelength for use on benign lesions of the oral cavity that are stained with toluidine blue solution.

Materials And Methods: The toluidine blue solution according to Mashberg is used in stomatology for the detection of leuko-erythroplasic lesions. In our experience, we have used it to stain even serous cysts, angiomas, and fibromas. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2004 Sep;30(9):1261-4

Vulval Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: A pigmented follicular cyst is an uncommon epithelial cyst, typically occurring as a single asymptomatic pigmented papule or nodule on the head and neck of adult men. To the authors' knowledge, no previous cases of vulvar pigmented follicular cyst have been reported. Although benign, pigmented follicular cyst can affect quality of life when multiple and symptomatic. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2004 Jan-Feb;21(1):88-90

Br J Plast Surg 2003 Sep;56(6):607-10

Laserlight Clinic for Laser & Plastic Surgery, P. Stavrou 13, GR11524 Athens, Greece.

A 28-year-old female patient suffering from LEOPARD syndrome presented, asking for the removal of lentigines (covering her face and most of her body) for aesthetic reasons. Intense pulsed light technology has been already used successfully for the removal of various benign pigmented lesions and it proved effective in this very rare case as well. Read More

Hautarzt 2003 Jul 23;54(7):594-602. Epub 2003 May 23.

Universitätshautklinik Heidelberg.

The medical indications for laser therapy have been somewhat overlooked, perhaps because of the success of cosmetic laser therapy. As a result, many effective medical treatments are not covered by insurance companies. Lasers are helpful in many aspects of dermatologic treatment. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2003 Apr;48(4):584-91

Department of Dermatology, Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Thailand.

Background: Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (Hori's nevus) is a dermal pigmented lesion commonly seen in middle-aged women of Asian descent. The Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) has been used successfully to treat a variety of benign pigmented lesions. Multiple, sequential treatments are typically required for complete clearance of the dermal pigmented dermatoses. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2003 ;32(2):78-87

Laserklinik Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Background And Objectives: Intense pulsed light (IPL) systems are high-intensity light sources, which emit polychromatic light. Unlike laser systems, these flashlamps work with noncoherent light in a broad wavelength spectrum of 515-1,200 nm. These properties allow for great variability in selecting individual treatment parameters and adapting to different types of skin types and indications. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2003 Jan;148(1):80-5

Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders and Department of Dermatology, IWO-Building/Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 35, The Netherlands.

Background: Acquired junctional melanocytic naevi are harmless pigmented lesions of the epidermis, which can be of cosmetic concern. Various therapeutic approaches have been used in the treatment, but all these methods produce postoperative scarring or alterations in skin texture. Pigment laser treatment of benign pigmented lesions has shown a low potential for scarring by selectively targeting melanosomes in melanocytes and keratinocytes. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2001 Jun;12(2):91-6

Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Clinical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.

Aim: There are still insufficient clinical reports concerning quality-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) in the treatment of superficial pigmented lesions in Asians. The purpose of this study was to analyse the efficacy and side effect profiles of QSNYL-assisted pigment removal in brown skin.

Methods: A total of 71 patients, presenting a wide gamut of superficial epidermal lesions, were treated with QSNYL. Read More

Arch Dermatol 2001 Jul;137(7):923-9

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Background: Near-infrared confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) represents a novel imaging technique for in vivo microscopic analysis of skin lesions, including pigmented lesions.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of detecting a clinically amelanotic malignant cutaneous melanoma using CSLM and to explore the use of this technique for assessing its margins.

Patients And Methods: Two lesions from 2 patients were imaged and analyzed using CSLM. Read More

J Cutan Laser Ther 2000 Dec;2(4):177-81

Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, Univeristy Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark.

Objective: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiator system for the treatment of benign pigmented lesions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 18 patients with lentigo solaris and eight patients with melanocytic nevi were treated once with an IPL system. After 2 months, the effect was evaluated on close-up photographs. Read More

Semin Cutan Med Surg 2000 Dec;19(4):232-44

Laser & Skin Surgery Center of Northern California and the University of California, Sacramento 95816, USA.

Benign pigmented lesions and tattoos are often very responsive to laser treatment. The chromophore in most cases is melanin, although other endogenous and exogenous pigments can be targeted. The chromophore and its distribution in the skin, as well as the underlying biological processes, all help determine the best laser, if any, for a given pigmented lesion. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2000 Apr;27(2):193-8

Lasers are powerful tools in the treatment of benign pigmented lesions. Their role in the treatment of pigmented lesions other than those which are benign has not been defined. As with other ablative treatments, avoidance of lesions with malignant potential is essential. Read More

Hautarzt 2000 Mar;51(3):152-8

Praxis für Dermatologie, Phlebologie und Allergologie Dr. C. Raulin und Laserklinik Karlsruhe.

The neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet-(Nd:YAG) laser is one of the most versatile and interesting lasers in dermatological laser medicine. Almost no other laser has such a wide spectrum of applications. Depending on wave length (1064 nm, frequency-doubled 532 nm) and mode (continuous, Q-switched, long-pulsed), benign pigmented lesions (tattoos, traumatic tattoos, naevus of Ota, cafe-au-lait-macules, lentigines) and vascular lesions (hemangiomas, portwine stains, essential teleangiectasias, angiomas) can be treated. Read More

Dermatol Surg 1999 Oct;25(10):806-15

Dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons have played major roles in the development and refinement of many office-based cutaneous surgical procedures. The comprehensive scientific education in the structure and function of skin that dermatologists receive during formal residency training programs has contributed directly to these advances. This long tradition of comprehensive training and strong basic research activities in skin biology has supported a scholarly approach to cutaneous surgery. Read More

Arch Ophthalmol 1999 May;117(5):601-8

Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Background: Neoplasms of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are rare, and little is known about their clinical variations, clinical course, and prognosis. Although most are benign, they can simulate choroidal melanoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, pathological features, and prognosis of acquired neoplasms of the RPE (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) and to define clinical features that help differentiate them from uveal melanoma. Read More

Arch Dermatol 1999 Mar;135(3):290-6

Dermatology Laser Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of normal-mode and Q-switched ruby laser light (694 nm) on nevomelanocytes of benign, atypical, and congenital nevi.

Design: Half of the lesion of each of 31 nevi was treated with either the Q-switched ruby laser or the normal-mode ruby laser or both; the other half of the lesion was covered with aluminum foil and was not treated.

Setting: A university-affiliated, hospital-based laser center. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 1998 Nov;41(5):555-65

Laserklinik, Karlsruhe, Germany.

The Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm, 25-40 nsec) is an effective and safe therapeutic device for the treatment of tattoos and well-defined, benign, pigmented epidermal and dermal lesions. Because of its selective mode of action, dermal pigments of natural and artificial origin are destroyed photothermically and removed without scar. This method is exceptionally suited for the elimination of lay and professional tattoos, traumatic tattoos, and permanent makeup. Read More

Dermatol Surg 1998 Mar;24(3):345-50

Hospital Asepeyo, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: The Q-switched neodymium (Nd):YAG laser with quadruple frequency is very effective for the treatment of tattoos, pigmented lesions, and vascular, benign lesions. It is also an option for treating rhytides, scars, and facial pigmentations.

Objectives: This paper is based on a series of patients with periocular and perioral rhytides, postacne scars, and melanic and vascular eyelid pigmentation who were treated with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with quadruple frequency. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 1998 ;22(2):103-8

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden.

Background And Objective: It is well known that the Q-switched Nd:Yag (QSNd:YAG) laser works well in the treatment of blue-black tattoos and benign pigmented lesions. It is less well known that this laser can also treat traumatic tattoos after accidents.

Materials And Methods: Twelve patients with traumatic tattoos were treated with a QSNd:YAG laser, 1064 nm. Read More

Aust Fam Physician 1997 Sep;26(9):1037-40

Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW.

Lasers have been used in surgery for over 20 years. Their application has expanded enormously due to a better understanding of laser/tissue interactions and the development of sophisticated delivery systems. Resurfacing techniques using a carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of acne scarring and wrinkles has proved to be a very effective tool. Read More