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Fetal Diagn Ther 2022 7;49(1-2):29-35. Epub 2022 Jan 7.

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

Introduction: Without fetal or perinatal intervention, congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a fatal anomaly. The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure has been used to secure the fetal airway and minimize neonatal hypoxia but is associated with increased maternal morbidity.

Case Presentation: A 16-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0) was referred to our hospital at 31 weeks gestation with fetal anomalies, including echogenic lungs, tracheobronchial dilation, and flattened diaphragms. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 26;11:619781. Epub 2021 Jul 26.

Department of Radiology, RuiJin Hospital/Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background: This study aims to assess the feasibility of a novel metallic segmented transcordal stent modified with three-dimensional (3D) printing for treating inoperable malignant laryngotracheal stenosis and the tolerability of the stent.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. The stents were individually customized with the aid of 3D printing model based on the anatomic features of each patient's airway. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022 May 20;131(5):562-566. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei.

Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IVA usually results in airway obstruction due to thoracic cage deformity and crowding of intrathoracic structures, causing tracheal compression by the tortuous innominate artery.

Objectives: To offer an alternative and effective method in dealing with the challenged deformity of the airway in patients with MPS type IVA.

Methods: We present 3 patients with MPS type IVA who underwent airway stenting using Montgomery T-tube stents. Read More

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2021 Jun 12;29(5):431-433. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.

The optimal placement of a tracheal tube following percutaneous dilator tracheostomy is technically demanding in patients with tracheal stents. We report a successful technique of tracheostomy tube placement with PercuTwist in an intubated patient with a tracheal stent for malignant stenosis. The endotracheal tube was replaced with a laryngeal mask, a 9. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2021 02 15;12(4):484-490. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

The Pulmonary Division, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Background: Central airway obstruction and fistula are treated with a tracheobronchial Y stent. In the currently used self-expandable metal Y stents, the delivery system is 8 mm in diameter and requires either a 9 mm tracheal tube or rigid bronchoscope to enable airway control during insertion. In this study we present a novel technique of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) assisted Y stent insertion, enabling airway control during deployment of the Y stent. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2021 10 21;112(4):1101-1108. Epub 2020 Nov 21.

Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Background: Management of multisegmental tracheal stenosis is challenging. In this 24-year longitudinal single-center study, we present an algorithmic treatment approach.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2167 patients with postintubation tracheal stenosis indicated 83 (3. Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2020 ;91:239-247

Aim: In the last twenty years, the statement of the CO2 laser in laryngeal microsurgery has proved particularly useful in the surgical treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis. The Authors report their surgical experiences and discuss them considering the location, size and pathologic features of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results that may be obtained in the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis by endoscopy using the CO2 laser, and analyze the advantages and limitations of surgical methods implemented. Read More

Laryngoscope 2021 02 24;131(2):E631-E634. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Objective/hypothesis: To assess the long-term decannulation outcomes of bioresorbable microplates as an external stent for pediatric tracheostomy patients with suprastomal collapse.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Hospital records of all patients who underwent a bioresorbable microplate for suprastomal collapse from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed at a single institution. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jun 24;162(6):950-953. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

In this study, we sought to explore the feasibility of using ultrasonography to evaluate airway anomalies in awake children with previous airway reconstruction. For the month of December 2018, we reviewed the medical records of patients aged <18 years old with prior airway reconstruction who had an outpatient appointment and a microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy within 24 hours of each other. Four patients met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2020 Feb;70(Suppl 1)(2):S60-S64

Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Laryngotracheal trauma is rare but can pose serious threats to one's life. Presenting symptoms vary according to the severity of injury. Immediate Airway control is first step in the management, intubation should be considered by a senior member of the trauma team if the injury is minor while tracheostomy should be reserved for more severe injuries. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Dec 17;19(1):1060. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.

Background: To enhance awareness of the clinical features and prevention of endotracheal myiasis.

Case Presentation: A case of intratracheal myiasis is reported. A 61-year-old male patient with a history of laryngectomy was admitted to hospital due to tracheostomal hemorrhage of 3 h duration. Read More

Clin Respir J 2020 Jan 23;14(1):40-46. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a common procedure for management of tracheomalacia. However, the limitation to speak related to tracheostomy cannula could affect the quality of life.

Objectives: we reported a new minimally invasive procedure to replace tracheostomy cannula with Montgomery T-tube to improve the ability of speaking. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2019 11 9;108(5):1471-1477. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

Background: To evaluate the management, complications of treatment, and outcomes of postintubation tracheal stenosis.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of records from a prospective database of all patients undergoing tracheal or laryngotracheal resection from 1993 to 2017 for postintubation tracheal stenosis. Redo operations after failure of initial resection and reconstruction for postintubation tracheal stenosis were included. Read More

Vet Surg 2019 Jul 21;48(5):825-834. Epub 2019 May 21.

Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.

Objective: To describe the surgical placement of a continuous extraluminal tracheal prosthesis (CETP) and report the subsequent postoperative clinical outcomes in dogs with tracheal collapse.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Fifty-four dogs. Read More

Biomater Sci 2019 Apr;7(5):1863-1874

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Objective: Develop a drug-eluting stent construct with a reliable drug-release profile and adequate mechanically stability for a trial in a small animal model of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), a debilitating pathologic narrowing of the airway leading to significant shortness of breath.

Methods: Biodegradable, biocompatible stents containing 1.0% rapamycin made of PLLA-PCL (70% Poly-l-Lactide and 30% Polycaprolactone blend) and 50 : 50 PDLGA (Poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)) were compared. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2019 Mar 26;14(3):377-380. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Ospedale S.Giovanni Battista, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.

As an alternative treatment to immediate surgical repair, endotracheal stent placement has been recently proposed in cases of iatrogenic tracheal damages. We report a case of a 91-year-old male who developed sudden subcutaneous emphysema during a total laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma. A tracheal tear at the distal third of the posterior tracheal wall was endoscopically assessed about 2 cm above the carina; CT confirmed the breach approximately 4 cm in length with associated pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax. Read More

J Burn Care Res 2019 02;40(2):189-195

Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Inhalation injury is an independent risk factor in burn mortality, imparting a 20% increased risk of death. Yet there is little information on the natural history, functional outcome, or pathophysiology of thermal injury to the laryngotracheal complex, limiting treatment progress. This paper demonstrates a case series (n = 3) of significant thermal airway injuries. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 19;115:58-60. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Pacific Coast Medical Inc, USA.

A 16-month old female was referred to our practice for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) for acquired subglottic stenosis (SGS) diagnosed at 4 weeks of age due to prolonged intubation. She has a history of open thoracic repair of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula that was complicated by a pneumothorax and phrenic nerve paralysis. We performed a variation of an anterior and posterior cricoid split LTR with tracheal stenting in order to avoid risks of pulmonary morbidity from costochondral cartilage harvesting. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jun;97(22):e10907

Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.

Rationale: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) refers to the weakening trachea or the trachea loss of structural integrity of airway cartilaginous structures. It causes tracheal stenosis, resulting in significantly high rates of mortality. Bronchoplasty by high-pressure balloon dilation under general anesthesia is a simple but effective and safe method to treat tracheobronchial stenosis. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2018 Jul 30;34(7):701-713. Epub 2018 May 30.

National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Congenital malformations of the trachea include a variety of conditions that cause respiratory distress in neonates and infants. A number of anomalies are self-limiting while others are life-threatening and require immediate therapy. The prevalence of congenital airway malformations has been estimated to range between 0. Read More

JAMA 2018 06;319(21):2212-2222

Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpitaux Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.

Importance: Airway transplantation could be an option for patients with proximal lung tumor or with end-stage tracheobronchial disease. New methods for airway transplantation remain highly controversial.

Objective: To establish the feasibility of airway bioengineering using a technique based on the implantation of stented aortic matrices. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Nov;31(22):1711-1715

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcome of radiofrequency coblation combined with silicon stent implantation in the treatment of recurrent laryngeal papilloma with extensive lesions. From March 2009 to April 2016, a total of 13 patients (8 males, 5 females; aged 28-67 years) who suffered recurrent laryngeal papilloma were enrolled in this retrospective study. All the cases had undergone at least one operation at other hospitals before this hospitalization. Read More

Expert Rev Respir Med 2018 06 8;12(6):509-520. Epub 2018 May 8.

a Interventional Pulmonology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA.

Introduction: Rigid bronchoscopy is an invaluable tool for the management of airway disorders and an essential skill for an interventional pulmonologist. Since its introduction in the late 19th century, it has remained an important technique for the management of central airway obstruction, foreign body aspiration and massive hemoptysis. Areas covered: This article will review the history, indications, contraindication, technique and complications of rigid bronchoscopy. Read More

Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2018 Mar;7(2):210-216

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Laryngotracheal trauma is a rare but potentially life-threatening injury. It is usually seen in multiple-trauma patients and can go unrecognized and undertreated due to its scarcity. The presenting symptoms often do not correlate with the severity of the injury and injuries may range from an endolaryngeal hematoma to a complete tracheal transection. Read More

Thorac Surg Clin 2018 May;28(2):177-187

Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH 1011, Switzerland. Electronic address:

The management of pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis remains a challenging problem for the surgeon. The complexity of the various preoperative situations implies that no single treatment modality can solve the problem. This article focuses on the yield of partial cricotracheal resection and extended cricotracheal resection for the most severe grades of stenosis. Read More

Respiration 2018;95(6):441-448. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, North Hospital of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.

Background: Benign stenosis involving laryngeal and upper tracheal structures represents a therapeutic challenge. Open surgery and endoscopic management have to be discussed by a multidisciplinary board in order to evaluate the risk and benefit for each patient.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to report the experience of two French centers with transcordal silicone stents (TSS) in the endoscopic management of benign laryngotracheal stenosis (BLTS) in adults, with focus on efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 May 15;108:46-48. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: For pediatric patients with laryngotracheal stenosis, the ultimate goal is creation of a safe, functional airway. Unfortunately, wound healing in a hollow structure can complicate repair attempts, leading to restenosis. Herein, we present our experience using skin-grafting techniques in two complex pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis cases, leading to successful decannulation or speech production. Read More

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018 May 7;62(5):600-607. Epub 2018 Jan 7.

Department of Anesthesia, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Stenting of airway stenosis is a common procedure in specialized centers. The aim of this study was to summarize our clinical experience in ventilation strategy and anesthesia management of patients undergoing urgent tracheal stenting.

Methods: Clinical data of 22 patients with severe tracheal stenosis who underwent urgent endoscopic placement of a tracheal stent during a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2017 16;10:4997-5004. Epub 2017 Oct 16.

Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Background: Tracheal and bronchial stenosis is a life-threatening condition causing difficulty in breathing and even severe respiratory distress. The silicone tracheobronchial stents were placed using the rigid bronchoscopy into the trachea of severe dyspneic patients and they exhibited symptomatic improvement as well as a rise in the saturation of oxygen. The bronchial stents were applicable to many extensive malignant airway stenosis patients, such as those with esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer. Read More