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PLoS One 2018 12;13(12):e0208330. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.

The aim of this study was to characterize the biochemical changes and microbiological processes involved in the sensory deviation of "sobretablas" wines during biological aging, which leads to the origin of special or rare "palo cortado" wines. Industrial trials of biological aging of "sobretablas" wines with the potential for the development of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were performed to study this phenomenon. The results showed that sensory deviation was due to the development of malolactic fermentation (MLF) together with an attenuated aerobic metabolism of "flor" yeast. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 13;2018:1286480. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Chinovo Laboratory, Beijing, China.

A point mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at nucleotide position 3243 A to G (mt.3243A>G) is involved in many common diseases, including maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS). However, the mutant level of mt. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 27;9:2899. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are representative members of multiple ecosystems on earth, displaying dynamic interactions within animal and plant kingdoms in respect with other microbes. This highly heterogeneous phylogenetic group has coevolved with plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, establishing either mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, or even parasitism-like behavior with their hosts. Depending on their location and environment conditions, LAB can be dominant or sometimes in minority within ecosystems. Read More

Cancer Manag Res 2018 20;10:6015. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

[This corrects the article on p. 5383 in vol. 10, PMID: 30464634. Read More

J Pharmacol Sci 2018 Nov 25. Epub 2018 Nov 25.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address:

Metformin is the most widely used drug among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, drug interaction on metformin will influence its glucose-lowering effect or increase its side effect of lactic acidosis. In this study, a randomized, two-stage, crossover study was conducted to unveil the potential drug interaction between metformin and the anti-hypertension drug, telmisartan. Read More

Mol Nutr Food Res 2018 Dec 11:e1801040. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

J.-H. Kwon, H. G. Lee, K.-H. Seo, H. Kim, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul.

Scope: This study aimed to determine the separate and combined effect of a prebiotic (Catechin-rich wine grape seed flour, GSF) and a probiotic (newly isolated kefir lactic acid bacteria, LAB) on hepatic steatosis of obese mice.

Methods And Results: High-fat (HF)-induced obese mice were fed HF diet containing 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control), 10% GSF, orally administrated LAB, or combination of GSF and LAB for 9 weeks. There was a significant reduction of body weight gain, and liver weights, plasma insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR in all experimental groups compared to control. Read More

Int J Oncol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant tumor type in Southern China and South‑East Asia. Cluster of differentiation (CD)38 is highly expressed in the human immune system and participates in the activation of T, natural killer and plasma cells mediated by CD2 and CD3 through synergistic action. CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, which was observed to mediate diverse activities, including signal transduction, cell adhesion and cyclic ADP‑ribose synthesis. Read More

QJM 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.

Microbiol Resour Announc 2018 Aug 16;7(6). Epub 2018 Aug 16.

ISVV, EA4577 Oenologie, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.

Oenococcus oeni is the most common species of lactic acid bacteria associated with malolactic fermentation in wine. Here, we report the genome sequence of the lytic phage OE33PA (vB_OeS_OE33PA). It has a morphotype similar to that of members of the Siphoviridae family, a linear 39,866-bp double-stranded genome with cohesive ends, and 57 predicted open reading frames. Read More

Microbiol Resour Announc 2018 Nov 21;7(20). Epub 2018 Nov 21.

ARSOA Research & Development Center, AOB Keioh Group Corporation, Hokuto, Yamanashi, Japan.

Lactobacillus kosoi NBRC 113063 is a fructophilic species isolated from kôso, a Japanese sugar-vegetable fermented beverage. The draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus kosoi NBRC 113063 is useful for understanding the carbohydrate metabolism of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. Read More

Microbiol Resour Announc 2018 Nov 1;7(17). Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and serve as probiotic bacteria when consumed in adequate amounts. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus reuteri Byun-re-01, isolated from mouse small intestine. Read More

Bioact Mater 2019 Mar 27;4(1):22-36. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.

The application of various materials in biomedical procedures has recently experienced rapid growth. One area that is currently receiving significant attention from the scientific community is the treatment of a number of different types of bone-related diseases and disorders by using biodegradable polymer-ceramic composites. Biomaterials, the most common materials used to repair or replace damaged parts of the human body, can be categorized into three major groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 23;9:2796. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.

belongs to the dominating lactic acid bacteria in indigenous meat fermentations, while diverse strains of this species have also been isolated from plant fermentations. We could recently show, that TMW 1.411 produces a high molecular weight dextran from sucrose, indicating its potential use as a dextran forming starter culture. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69000, Turkey. Electronic address:

A wide number of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) species produce α-glucans with their ability to synthesize glucansucrases (GS) which use sucrose as substrate for the glucan production. Recently another group of enzymes in LAB gained special interest for their ability to produce α-glucans targeting the substrates containing α1-4-linkages and synthesizing new (α1-6) or (α1-3)-linkages as α‑glucanotransferases. In this study, a putative 4,6‑α‑glucanotransferase (GTFB) from sourdough isolate Lactobacillus reuteri E81 was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.

Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. Read More

J Dairy Sci 2018 Oct 24. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Whey, the main by-product of the dairy industry, is frequently disposed of in the environment without any treatment due to the high cost of this process. Alternatively, whey can be used as a medium to culture lactic acid bacteria and produce value-added products such as bacteriocins. In this work, we attempted to improve bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus plantarum ST16Pa in a whey powder formulation supplemented with additional sources of carbon, nitrogen, and vitamin B at different levels and varying the agitation intensity according to a Plackett-Burman experimental design. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2018 Dec 3;35(6):1394-1400. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).

Background: patients with cervical cancer (CC) receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several gastrointestinal adverse effects.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of dietary symbiotic supplementation on fecal calprotectin (FCP), bacterial DNA levels, and gastrointestinal adverse effects in patients with CC.

Methods: clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2018 Dec 3;128:152-157. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

The aim of this study was to identify critical steps to protein stability during spray drying using two different nozzle types: a vibrating mesh nozzle and a standard two-fluid nozzle in a Büchi B-90 spray dryer. l-Lactic dehydrogenase was used as a model protein as it is a heat and shear stress sensitive protein. Trehalose was used as excipient because of its excellent stabilizing capacities. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China. Electronic address:

Fisetin is a natural flavonoid with promising antitumor activity, whereas its clinical application is limited by its hydrophobic property. In this study, we aimed to load fisetin into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles to increase fisetin's solubility and therapeutic efficacy. Based on spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (SESD) method, the formulation of PLA nanoparticles was optimized by two successive experimental designs. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China. Electronic address:

The effectiveness of pectin coatings enriched with clove essential oil (CEO), as new edible coatings were investigated to preserve bream (Megalobrama ambycephala) fillets during refrigeration over a period of 15 days. All samples were analyzed for physicochemical (pH, PV, TBA and TVB-N), microbiological (Total viable count, Psychrophilic bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., HS producing bacteria) and organoleptic attributes. Read More

Nano Lett 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

The targeted delivery of therapeutics to sites of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been a long-standing challenge. Inspired by the intrinsic inflammation-targeting capacity of macrophages, macrophage-derived microvesicle (MMV)-coated nanoparticle (MNP) was developed for targeting RA. MMV was efficiently produced through a novel method. Read More

J Appl Microbiol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

KU Leuven, Campus Geel, Lab4Food, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Geel, Belgium.

Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of three different fermentation systems on fermentation of enset into kocho.

Methods And Results: Nine enset plants were processed, mixed and fermented in either a pit, a bamboo basket or a Sauerkraut jar. Samples were taken on days 1, 7, 15, 31, 60 and 90. Read More

Anim Sci J 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

This study was aimed to examine the characteristics of three isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (HG24, M1, and TG1), and to evaluate their effects on fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility in a variety of substrates. The experiments were conducted with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schred. Read More

Data Brief 2018 Dec 12;21:1829-1832. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan.

This data article reports the chemical compositions (protein, fat, fiber, ash, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid) and fermentation quality, represented by V-value determined from the proportion of ammonia nitrogen in total nitrogen and volatile fatty acid contents, in silages prepared from low-market-value vegetables (carrot roots, cabbage leaves, and radish leaves). Potato protein concentrate, a byproduct of starch production from potato tuber, was used to supplement the protein contents in the silages. The first type of silage was produced by fermentation of a mixture of wheat bran and either carrot, cabbage, or radish without supplemental potato protein. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2018 Dec 13;36:231-234. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hairmyres, NHS Lanarkshire, East Kilbride, G75 8RG, Scotland, UK.

Introduction: Unexplained lactic acidosis (LA) in a critically ill patient often prompts investigations to rule out any reversible intra-abdominal cause. Equivocal results can lead to an emergency laparotomy (EL) with subsequent high morbidity and mortality rates. Our objective was to determine the clinical impact of urgent diagnostic laparoscopy (UDL) in such patients. Read More

Biotechnol Biofuels 2018 1;11:320. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

1Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People's Republic of China.

Background: The use of inedible lignocellulosic biomasses for biomanufacturing provides important environmental and economic benefits for society. Efficient co-utilization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived sugars, primarily glucose and xylose, is critical for the viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, the phenomenon of glucose repression prevents co-utilization of both glucose and xylose in cellulosic hydrolysates. Read More

Intest Res 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India.

Background/aims: Cronobacter sakazakii, an emergent pathogen is considered as a major concern to infants and neonates fed on reconstituted powdered infant milk formula. In conjunction with many other factors, biofilm forming capacity adds to its pathogenic potential. In view of the facts that infants are at highest risk to C. Read More

ACS Nano 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are widely implicated in cancer progression, and TAM levels can influence drug responses, particularly to immunotherapy and nanomedicines. However, it has been difficult to quantify total TAM numbers and their dynamic spatiotemporal distribution in a non-invasive and translationally relevant manner. Here, we address this need by developing a pharmacokinetically optimized, 64Cu-labeled polyglucose nanoparticle (Macrin) for quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of macrophages in tumors. Read More

Implant Dent 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Professor, Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.

Purpose: We investigated whether it was possible to perform a sinus lift maintaining absorbable screw material with biological activity.

Materials And Methods: Thirty rabbits were used. The screws used in this study were unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid (uHA/PLLA) (uHA/PLLA group) and titanium alloy (Ti group). Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:175-187

Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to human inflammation. Therefore, in the probiotics research field, controlling the mechanisms of LPS neutralization and elimination of inflammation of human intestines are important. This chapter presents a description of the identification of LPS elimination protein (LEP) in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), cloning of its protein, and its expression. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:167-174

Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can improve human intraintestinal conditions. One reason is that ingestion of LAB prevents bacterial diarrhea. Furthermore, inflammation of human intestines can be caused by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:145-157

Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan.

The gradual accumulation of heavy metals can have detrimental effects on health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are common microbes used as probiotics; various LAB strains are consumed in food products, especially in fermented foods. Many studies have suggested that LAB with high affinity to harmful heavy metals can be used as efficient detoxification tools. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:131-144

Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina.

Microorganisms with the ability to modulate the immune system (immunobiotics) have shown to interact with different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in nonimmune and immune cells and exert beneficial effects on host's health maintenance and promotion. Suitable assay systems are necessary for an efficient and rapid screening of potential immunobiotic strains. More than a decade of research have allowed us to develop efficient in vitro models based on porcine receptors and cells (porcine immunoassay systems) to study the immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:119-127

Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Hydroxyl fatty acids (HFAs) are used in widely diverse industrial applications, healthy functional foods, artificial food flavorings, and alcoholic beverages. A lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Lactobacillus sakei, hydroxylates oleic acid. Furthermore, the hydroxyl fatty acid was identified by GC-MS as 10-hydroxystearic acid. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:109-117

Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Fishy odor of fish flesh (meat) presents a severe problem for marine production. The main cause of fishy odor is trimethylamine (TMA), which increases during storage. It is produced from trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), an osmosis-regulating substance in fish cells that functions by a reduction reaction. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:95-107

Research Laboratories for Alcohol Beverages, Department of Fermentation and Microbiology Technology, Asahi Breweries, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis enables rapid and accurate detection of beer-spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Hop resistance genes, horA and horC, are utilized as genetic markers to determine the spoilage ability of LAB strains. PCR analysis of horA and horC, combined with multiplex PCR methods of 12 beer-spoilage species, enables simultaneous and comprehensive detection easily and inexpensively. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:85-94

Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan.

Polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria are divided into two classes based on their biosynthesis and structure. Nevertheless, the procedures for isolation, purification, and chemical analysis of these polymers are very similar. This chapter introduces the techniques that are used to prepare exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria; both large- and small-scale preparation methods are described. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:67-84

Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Production of exopolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria is a common phenomenon. Structural information of these widely diverse biopolymers is rendered by the monosaccharide composition, the anomeric configurations, the type of glycosidic linkages, the presence of repeating units and noncarbohydrate substituents, and finally the presentation of a chemical molecular structure or composite model. The detailed structural analysis of polysaccharides is a time-consuming pursuit, including the use of different techniques, such as chemical degradation methods (e. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:55-65

Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.

Viscous exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have received increasing interest in the dairy industry because of their capability to improve the texture and mouthfeel of fermented dairy products. To date, enormous efforts have been made to reveal the relationship between texture and EPS production in fermented milk products such as yogurt. However, the structure-rheology relationship of EPSs themselves is not yet well understood due to their low yields in general and their wide variety of chemical structures. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:45-54

Fermented Milk Development Department, Food Development Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan.

Yogurt is a popular fermented dairy product produced by lactic acid bacteria, including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. During yogurt production, these bacteria produce lactic acid, decreasing pH and causing milk protein to coagulate. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:33-41

Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.

It is important to assess acid tolerance in lactic acid bacteria, particularly for probiotics, although it involves multiple mechanisms. Measuring the difference between intracellular and extracellular pH (ΔpH) using the fluorescent probe CFDA-SE is particularly effective for such assessments because it gives direct information on the level of tolerance in the extracellular acidic pH range from 7 to 2.5. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:23-31

Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Fermented foods produced using edible microorganisms have been consumed worldwide since ancient times. Microorganisms produce some healthy functional substances. Recently, many people have been attracted to the notion that D-body amino acids have healthy functional effects. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:15-22

Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.

Bacteriocins ribosomally produced by lactic acid bacteria are antibacterial peptides expected to be used as a safe biopreservative and a fermentation controller in food industry. The modified agar-well diffusion method is most frequently used for antibacterial activity assay to screen for potentially bacteriocin-producing strains and to elementarily characterize their bacteriocins and the relatives. Here, I describe procedure of the modified agar-well diffusion assay in the details. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1887:3-13

Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is the first and crucial step to study possible roles of LAB in the environment, especially in food fermentation. This is also important to use the organisms for further application. LAB are diverse bacterial group and have diverse growth characteristics. Read More

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2018 ;7(4):169-175

Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey.

Macular Edema (ME) is a common complication, leading to severe vision loss in patients with Non-Infectious Uveitis (NIU). The treatment of uveitic ME is still very challenging for many ophthalmologists. Various agents, such as corticosteroids, anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, and immune-modulators, have been used for combatting uveitic ME. Read More

Saudi J Biol Sci 2018 Nov 1;25(7):1473-1477. Epub 2017 Apr 1.

Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.

The biochemical markers of rat under low oxygen concentration, including brain water level, lactic acid, necrosis and Na+-K+-ATPase, was detected to analyze the hypoxia-induced brain damage, and to analyze the mechanism of brain injury. Histopathological alteration in brain tissue induced by hypoxia were investigated through hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE). Hypoxia induced factor-1a (HIF-1a) expression level in the brain was carried out using immunohistochemistry. Read More

Indian J Pharmacol 2018 Jul-Aug;50(4):212-214

Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is nowadays universally available to patients with HIV/AIDS. This has led to increased longevity in people living with HIV/AIDS. However, these patients frequently face chronic and rarely acute life-threatening complications of HAART. Read More

Appl Environ Microbiol 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.

MR-1 is a facultative anaerobe that respires using a variety of electron acceptors. Although this organism is incapable of fermentative growth in the absence of electron acceptors, its genome encodes LdhA (a putative fermentative NADH-dependent d-lactate dehydrogenase; d-LDH) in addition to Dld (a respiratory quinone-dependent d-LDH). However, the physiological roles of LdhA in MR-1 are unclear. Read More

Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018 Nov 29;56:138-146. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Bacterial Physiology, Discovery, R&D, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.

In modern societies, conscious consumers demand healthy, fresh and natural foods devoid of added chemical preservatives and stabilizers. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to preserve food is one of the oldest and best characterized approach. Production of organic acids is the main feature LAB use to outcompete spoilage organisms, but several other mechanisms have been demonstrated. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Nov 7. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address:

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is an uncommon cause of intestinal ischemia and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients with acute MVT often present with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and other unspecific findings making the diagnosis challenging. This condition requires emergent treatment. Read More