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J Glaucoma 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Glaucoma and anterior segment, Dr. Shroff's charity eye hospital, Delhi.

Ectodermal dysplasia is a disorder that occurs due to abnormalities of ectodermal structures such as skin, teeth, hair, nails, and eccrine glands. Approximately 200 different conditions have been identified as ectodermal dysplasia, the most common being hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). It is characterized by hypotrichosis (sparse scalp or body hair), hypodontia (absent or malformed teeth) and hypohidrosis (reduced ability to sweat). Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1901:103-112

UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by dry mouth/dry eye symptoms as a result of the destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Patients with pSS may be at risk for the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Testing of autoantibodies in the oral fluid of patients with pSS or MALT lymphoma using immunoassays may lead to a simple and noninvasive clinical tool for diagnostic or prognostic applications. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2018 Aug;146(8):890-893

Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile.

Background: Primary care units of ophtalmology (UAPO) were incorporated in 2003 into the healthcare system of the Ministry of Health, in response to the high demand for hospital care. Three of these primary care units were incorporated to provide a network care with the ophthalmology service of a tertiary care hospital.

Aim: To report the public health impact of networking. Read More

Cureus 2018 Oct 1;10(10):e3393. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and causing the decreased function of lacrimal and salivary glands. We describe a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with Sjögren's syndrome presenting as myopathy and sensorimotor neuropathy. His creatinine kinase levels were elevated with positive anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies and anti-Sjögren's syndrome Type B autoantibodies. Read More

Bone Marrow Transplant 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in more than half of patients who develop chronic GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), causing prolonged morbidity, which affects activities of daily living and quality of life. Here we provide an expert review of ocular GVHD in a collaboration between transplant physicians and ophthalmologists through the Late Effects and Quality of Life Working Committee of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and the Transplant Complications Working Party of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Recent updates in ocular GVHD, regarding pathophysiology, preclinical models, risk factors, prevention, screening, diagnosis, response criteria, evaluation measures, and treatment are discussed in this review. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients complaining of tearing after receiving chemotherapy.

Methods: The clinical records of patients who complained of tearing between August 2014 and February 2016, and underwent or were undergoing chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical measurements were as follows: LipiView interferometer (lipid layer thickness and meibography), lacrimal drainage examinations (syringing), and outcomes at 6 months after treatment. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;54(12):897-901

The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.

To report the efficacy of fornix reconstruction with conjunctival inclusion cyst marsupialization in severe symblepharon. Retrospective cases series study. Four patients (4 eyes) with Conjunctival Inclusion Cyst Marsupialization and severe Symblepharon during June 2016 to June 2018 at the PLA General Hospital were included. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital.

A study on immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) with destructive changes in periorbital soft tissues was presented. The patient was an 89-year-old-man who developed a left-sided orbital lesion involving the globe, lacrimal gland, and extraocular muscles. A diagnosis of definite IgG4-ROD was made based on clinical and histopathologic findings. Read More

Front Genet 2018 16;9:542. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have myriad functions during development of both non-vertebrate and vertebrate organisms. One of these family members, , is largely expressed in mesenchymal tissues and is essential for postnatal life because of its critical role in development of the craniofacial complex, as well as in lung branching. Here, we review the function of FGF10 in morphogenesis of craniofacial organs. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2018 Sep-Dec;11(3):297-299

Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Giridhar Eye Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease also called as Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy is a rare, benign, idiopathic histiocytic proliferative disorder that occurs predominantly in children and young adults. Orbital involvement can occur in 11% of cases. Isolated lacrimal gland involvement without any local or systemic recurrence is very rare. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 14;53(6):605-608. Epub 2018 Jul 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate a novel, simple, noninvasive method (known as the "bitter taste test") of establishing nasolacrimal duct patency in healthy asymptomatic eyes.

Design: Double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study.

Participants: Healthy asymptomatic medical students, residents, and allied health staff at our institution. Read More

Orbit 2018 Dec 5:1-4. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

a Oculoplastic, Facial Cosmetic, and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , Wisconsin , United States.

A 59-year-old Caucasian woman with past medical history significant for Natural Killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the right nasal septum in remission for nine months presented after surveillance PET-CT imaging revealed increased metabolic activity in the right nasolacrimal duct. She also reported ipsilateral epiphora starting around this time. The lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal ductal mucosa were biopsied via an external approach. Read More

Eur J Appl Physiol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Extracellular Vesicles and the Endothelial Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada.

Purpose: Physiological markers that estimate sympathetic activation may be used to infer pain and stress in humans. To date, effective reproducible methods are invasive and pose an undesired risk to participants. Previous work in animal models has used infrared thermography to measure the temperature of the lacrimal caruncle region and may be a promising method for measuring stress and pain non-invasively. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 8;12:2277-2283. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Center for Sight, Sarasota, FL, USA,

Purpose: A new cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xlHA) gel occlusive device was assessed for safety and efficacy in the treatment of dry eyes.

Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved, single-site, open-label, prospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of placing the xlHA gel in the lower canaliculus. Seventy-four participants aged 25-95 years with dry eyes, who failed treatment with artificial tears, were included. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2018 ;134(5):54-60

City Clinical Hospital #10, 47 Koltsevaya St., Ufa, Russian Federation, 450112.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma based on specific biochemical markers of neurotrophy and neurodegeneration.

Material And Methods: In the course of the study, lacrimal fluid (LF) of 23 patients (46 eyes) with stage I-II primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) aged 66.3±10. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2018 ;134(5. Vyp. 2):270-275

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Chair of Ophthalmology, 8-2 Malaya Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.

The article reviews the literature devoted to modern intraoperative methods of preventing cicatricial process at the site of dacryostoma after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Despite the constant improvement of the surgery technique, complications in the postoperative period still occur. They include the formation of granulation tissue at the sites of dacryostoma, synechiae in the nasal cavity, or narrowing of the dacryostoma, which ultimately leads to a relapse of the disease. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2018 ;134(5. Vyp. 2):148-155

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.

Purpose: To analyze the condition of the lacrimal gland in patients confirmed to have sarcoidosis.

Material And Methods: The study included 46 patients (92 orbits) with verified diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis that were examined during the period of 2009 to 2014. The age of patients ranged from 23 to 65 years and the average was 45. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.

Purpose: To examine the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) who showed asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement.

Methods: Sixteen patients were included in this retrospective, observational case series. The following data were collected: sex, age, laterality, past medical history, laboratory results for thyroid function and other autoimmune disorders, pathological results, other systemic lesions related to lacrimal gland pathology, and the clinical course after treatment. Read More

Interv Neuroradiol 2018 Nov 28:1591019918815286. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

1 Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

We report the intentional occlusion of the middle meningeal artery arising from the lacrimal artery, a novel technique to improve drug delivery in a 14-month-old boy with a history of right sporadic unilateral cavitary retinoblastoma group D. The patient was referred to our institution for intra-arterial chemotherapy after two systemic chemotherapy treatments. The digital subtraction angiography showed a large middle meningeal artery arising from the right lacrimal artery and decrease choroidal enhancement thus decreased flow to the tumor. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018 Sep-Dec;9(3):449-456. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate iris morphological features in 360° angle-closure neovascular glaucoma (NVG) by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective, clinic-based, comparative study, 14 patients with 360° angle-closure NVG and 14 healthy age-matched control subjects were enrolled. All patients enrolled had no prior glaucoma surgery but underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Read More

Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophtalmology, Samsun, Turkey.

Objective: To examine the effect of pregnancy on the lacrimal system through tear osmolarity measurement and the Schirmer test.

Material And Method: The study consisted of two groups of 30 women between 20 and 40 years old; the women in the study group were in their first trimester of pregnancy, and the women in the control group were not pregnant and did not have any diseases other than refractive error. Tear osmolarity measurement with the TearLab osmolarity system and tear function test Schirmer 1 were carried out on one, randomly chosen eye of each participant. Read More

Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018 Nov 28:1945892418815044. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Although several studies have commented on causes of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure, detailed description of anatomical findings in such cases remains insufficient.

Objective: Our objective was primarily to analyze radiologic, endoscopic, and intraoperative findings in patients presenting with failed DCR and secondarily to assess the outcome of revision endoscopic DCR (endo-DCR) carried out at our institution.

Methods: Twenty-four failed DCRs presenting to our tertiary care center were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Oct-Nov;97(10-11):E32-E35

Department of Otolaryngology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 380-8550, Japan.

Lacrimal sac tumors are rare and difficult to diagnose. We present a case of coexisting lacrimal sac adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma in a 73-year-old woman who presented with swelling of the inner canthus. Biopsy identified the growth as an adenocarcinoma. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(14):DES192-DES199

Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.

Purpose: Dry eye is a major ocular pathology worldwide. Although dry eye is a multifactorial disease, recent studies have shown that chronic immunologic processes have a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, characterized by the infiltration of immune cells in the lacrimal glands, elevated levels of tear inflammatory cytokines, and increased density of immune cells in the cornea and conjunctiva. This review describes the recent advances in understanding the relationship between dry eye and inflammation. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(14):DES174-DES182

Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The lacrimal glands produce tears to support a healthy homeostatic environment on the ocular surface. The lacrimal gland dysfunction characteristic of dry eye disease causes ocular discomfort and visual disturbances and in severe cases can result in a loss of vision. The demand for adequate restoration of lacrimal gland function has been intensified due to advances in stem cell biology, developmental biology, and bioengineering technologies. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(14):DES169-DES173

Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease that is one of the most common diseases worldwide. A major cause of dry eye is the deficiency of aqueous tears, which are mainly secreted from the lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland plays an important role in maintaining the health of the ocular surface and protecting it from environmental exposure. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(14):DES130-DES137

Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The use of video display terminals (VDT) and staring at screens of technologic devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones have become ubiquitous in a wide range of age groups because of the rapid advance of network culture-mediated communications. The incidence of dry eye is particularly high in workers that work with VDT. To facilitate an understanding of the mechanisms of VDT-associated dry eye, as well as to develop novel treatment approaches, a VDT worker dry eye model was created. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(14):DES109-DES115

Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.

Post-LASIK dry eye is the most common postoperative dry eye after ophthalmic surgeries. The clinical signs of post-LASIK dry eye include positive vital staining of the ocular surface, decreased tear breakup time and Schirmer test values, reduced corneal sensitivity, and decreased functional visual acuity. The symptoms and signs usually last for about 1 month after LASIK. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(14):DES41-DES47

Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Confocal microscopy is a new, emerging, noninvasive technology that can aid in the in vivo assessment of structural changes in several ocular surface diseases at the cellular level. In the dry eye field, in vivo confocal microscopy has been applied to the examination of the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, Meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland. The device can assess the morphology, including superficial/wing/basal epithelial cell density, stromal keratocyte density, endothelial cell density, nerve fiber density, the number of beadings, nerve tortuosity, nerve reflectivity, and inflammatory cell density in the cornea. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in more than half of patients who develop chronic GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), causing prolonged morbidity which affects activities of daily living and quality of life. Here we provide an expert review of ocular GVHD in a collaboration between transplant physicians and ophthalmologists through the Late Effects and Quality of Life Working Committee of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and the Transplant Complications Working Party of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Recent updates in ocular GVHD, regarding pathophysiology, preclinical models, risk factors, prevention, screening, diagnosis, response criteria, evaluation measures, and treatment are discussed in this review. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Nov;59(13):5599-5614

Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Purpose: Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease that occurs primarily in women, and is associated with lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous-deficient dry eye. We hypothesize that sex-associated differences in lacrimal gland gene expression are very important in promoting lymphocyte accumulation in this tissue and contribute to the onset, progression, and/or severity of the inflammatory disease process. To test our hypothesis, we explored the nature and extent of sex-related differences in gene expression in autoimmune lacrimal glands. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Adelaide Eye and Skin Centre, Adelaide, Australia.

Arch Plast Surg 2018 Nov 15;45(6):598. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Orbital Plastic and Lacrimal Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.

Am J Med Genet A 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Research and Knowledge Center in Sensory Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

TARP syndrome (talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect, Robin sequence, and persistence of the left superior vena cava) is a rare X-linked syndrome often resulting in pre- or post-natal lethality in affected males. In 2010, RBM10 was identified as the disease-causing gene, and we describe the first adult patient with TARP syndrome at age 28 years, hereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Our patient had Robin sequence, atrial septal defect, intellectual disability, scoliosis, and other findings previously associated with TARP syndrome. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Nov 17;19(11). Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by extensive lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal gland (LG), resulting in acinar cell destruction and organ dysfunction. The underlying pathogenesis of SS remains largely unknown, and studies historically focus on defining late-stage disease. Here, we identify tissue programs associated with disease onset using transcriptomic and immunohistological analysis of LGs from 5- and 7-week-old mice deficient in autoimmune response element (Aire). Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2018 Nov 16. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University.

To identify reference values for the Schirmer tear test I (STT I) in Japanese black cattle, investigate the effects of variables (sex, age, time of day, and environment in the barn including environmental temperature, humidity, illuminance, and ammonia concentration) on tear production, and determine total tear protein concentration. One-hundred-and-thirty-seven Japanese black cattle (67 females and 70 males, age 3-90 days) were evaluated. The mean STT I values was 18. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Nov 16;8(1):16936. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Singapore Eye Research Institute, Discovery Tower Level 6 The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.

There are no reliable biomarkers to predict thyroid eye disease (TED) in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) currently. Several evidences support the involvement of the lacrimal gland in TED. The aim of our study was to quantitatively correlate the changes in tear protein profile with increasing severity of TED. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan.

The Lazy-T procedure is used to correct moderate-to-severe punctal ectropion in the lower eyelid. It includes full-thickness wedge resection of the medial lower eyelid and horizontal tarso-conjunctival diamond excision inferior to the lower punctum. However, the skin wound vertical to the relaxed skin tension lines is often conspicuous and horizontal excision of a part of the tarsus may impair function of the meibomian gland. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan.

Purpose: To describe the clinical course of patients with traumatic orbital compartment syndrome who underwent bony orbital decompression due to persistently abnormal pupillary light reflex after lateral canthotomy and cantholysis.

Methods: Four consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. The authors performed bony orbital decompression as there was no improvement in the pupillary light reflex and a tight orbit persisted even after lateral canthotomy and cantholysis. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital.

Sarcoidosis rarely develops in the lacrimal sac. Lacrimal sac sarcoidosis may be associated with sarcoidosis-related rhinosinusitis. The anatomical and histological relationship between the lacrimal drainage system and nasal mucosa has been indicated as a predisposing factor for this concomitance. Read More

Orbit 2018 Nov 15:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

a Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery , Aichi Medical University Hospital , Aichi , Japan.

A healthy 18-year-old girl presented with a superotemporal epibulbar mass that was present since birth. Computed tomography revealed a cystic mass with fat-like low-density and a central oval-shaped mass that was isodense to the bone in the superotemporal region of the globe. Histopathology of the excised tumour revealed osseous choristoma and dermolipoma. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 31;9:2362. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular cells is a feature of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, the cause of this ectopic expression and its potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease remains elusive. Here, we report that ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular cells represents an early presymptomatic event in a mouse model of pSS induced by immunization of Ro60_316-335 peptide emulsified in TiterMax® as an adjuvant. Read More

Orbit 2018 Nov 13:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

a Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to perform a histopathological assessment of the efficacy of sclerosing agents in dacryocystosclerotherapy (DCST) and to evaluate its role as an alternative to dacryocystectomy (DCT) in a specific group of patients.

Methods: Thirteen lacrimal drainage systems of 10 patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) were studied. All patients were awaiting a DCT, indications being repeated attacks of dacryocystitis with severe systemic or ocular co-morbidities and/or refusal for a dacryocystorhinostomy. Read More

Mod Rheumatol 2018 Nov 14:1-44. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

a Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section , Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , USA.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is estimated to affect 35 million people worldwide. Hallmarks of the disease are a loss of salivary and lacrimal gland function as well as lymphocytic infiltration, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and circulating autoantibodies. Patients often experience significant fatigue and a decrease in their quality of life. Read More

Curr Rheumatol Rev 2018 Nov 12. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Joint, bone and connective tissue research center, Golestan University of medical Sciences, Gorgan. Iran.

Background And Aim: Lymphoid cell infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands, specifically lacrimal and salivary glands are characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). An etiological role has been proposed for Helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori), interacting in the clinical course and complications of SS (including gastric cancer and lymphoma). Read More

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;27(1):105-118

Kellogg Eye Center, Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.

Options for periorbital reconstruction include primary wound closure, local flaps, regional/distant flaps, or full-thickness skin grafts. Optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes are achieved by assessing regional contours, skin type, and facial aesthetic units. Like tissue should replace like tissue; for example, skin with skin, tarsus with tarsus (or equivalent material, eg, hard palate, ear cartilage, or autologous substitute), and conjunctiva with mucous membrane or like substitute (buccal mucous membrane, amniotic membrane). Read More