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BMJ Open 2022 Jun 27;12(6):e057089. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.

Introduction: For more than 60 years, contraceptive pills have been prescribed to mostly healthy biological women. An emerging body of research concerning the possible physiological and psychological side effects of hormonal contraception has been published over the past two decades. Consequently, discontinuing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) as a conscious decision for reasons other than desired pregnancy has become increasingly common for menstruating individuals. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 27;12(6):e062869. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Research Institute of Midwifery, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.

Introduction: Pregnant women experience early labour with different physical and emotional symptoms. Early admission to hospital has been found to be associated with increased intervention and caesarean section rates. However, primiparous women often contact the hospital before labour progresses because they encounter difficulties coping with symptoms of onset of labour on their own. Read More

eNeuro 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095

The efferent pathway strengthens the auditory system for optimal performance by fine-tuning the response and protecting the inner ear from noise-induced damage. Although it has been well-documented that efference helps defend against hair cell and synaptic extinction, the mechanisms of its otoprotective role have still not been established. Specifically, the effect of efference on an individual hair cell's recovery from mechanical overstimulation has not been demonstrated. Read More

J Epidemiol Community Health 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)-KNAW/University of Groningen, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Background: This study investigates (1) whether different employment transition types (ie, unemployment, work disability, early retirement and regular retirement) are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence among older workers (50-64 years) and (2) whether occupational group moderates the association between employment transition type and MetS incidence.

Methods: A sample of 13 303 older Dutch workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank was examined using longitudinal data from two comprehensive measurement waves with a mean follow-up time of 3.7 years. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 27;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

A man in his late 30s developed non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy due to systemic cobalt toxicity associated with accelerated bearing surface wear from metal-on-metal hip resurfacing implanted in the previous 6 years. Following revision arthroplasty, the patient regained baseline cardiac function. Cobalt-induced cardiomyopathy is a grave condition that deserves early consideration due to potentially irreversible morbidity. Read More

BMJ Open Respir Res 2022 Jun;9(1)

Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University Appleton Institute, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.

Introduction: A new smartphone app (QUT Inspire) has been developed to detect inspiratory sound and deliver virtual incentive spirometry (ISy), a respiratory therapy technique used in postoperative recuperation, management of some chronic conditions and with potential applications in SARS-CoV-2 rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to compare the usability of this new app with a clinical ISy device as measured by effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.

Methods: In this mixed-methods randomised usability study, healthy volunteers (aged 39. Read More

Gut 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Objective: Prior studies identified clinical factors associated with increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, little is known regarding their time-varying nature, which could inform earlier diagnosis. This study assessed temporality of body mass index (BMI), blood-based markers, comorbidities and medication use with PDAC risk . Read More

Indian J Tuberc 2022 Jul 7;69(3):305-310. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Background: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis cases as compared to low risk pregnancies in a tertiary referral hospital.

Methods: A total of 15 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis over a period of two years who delivered in our unit was studied in the retrospective study. The maternal and perinatal outcome in them was compared with 191 low risk pregnancies who delivered at the same time in the hospital after taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Read More

Bull Cancer 2022 May;109(2S):2S19-2S30

CHU Besançon, Oncologie, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France; INSERM, UMR1098, F-25020 Besançon cedex, France; Université de Franche-Comté, UBFC, F-25020 Besançon, France. Electronic address:

Until recently, the first-line treatments used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma were based on first-generation anti-VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as monotherapy. Trials combining immunotherapy (IO) (anti-CTLA4 + anti-PD-1) or immunotherapy with TKIs showed striking results in the first-line setting with improvement in overall response rates, progression-free survival and overall survival versus sunitinib. This allowed the combinations to gain registration in the US and Europe in the first-line advanced or metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma setting. Read More

BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022 Jun;9(1)

Digestive Function: Basel, Laboratory and Clinic for Motility Disorders and Functional Digestive Diseases, Klinik Arlesheim AG, Arlesheim, BS, Switzerland

Recurrent and persistent bouts of hiccups impact the quality of life by interfering with eating, social interaction and work. Popular home remedies, such as breath holding and drinking ice water, target activity in the vagal and phrenic nerves that are thought to trigger these repetitive, myoclonic contractions. However, the pathophysiology of hiccups and the mechanism by which any of these methods work are unclear. Read More

BMJ Glob Health 2022 Jun;7(6)

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Introduction: High-income country (HIC) authors are disproportionately represented in authorship bylines compared with those affiliated with low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in global health research. An assessment of authorship representation in the global emergency medicine (GEM) literature is lacking but may inform equitable academic collaborations in this relatively new field.

Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of original research articles reporting studies conducted in LMICs from the annual GEM Literature Review from 2016 to 2020. Read More

CMAJ 2022 Jun;194(25):E868-E869

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (White, Hickey, Gilmour), Dalhousie University; IWK Health Centre (White, Hickey, Gilmour, Ansari); Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Ansari), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.

BMJ 2022 Jun 27;377:e069271. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Objective: To determine the effect of a user centered clinical decision support tool versus usual care on rates of initiation of buprenorphine in the routine emergency care of individuals with opioid use disorder.

Design: Pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (EMBED).

Setting: 18 emergency department clusters across five healthcare systems in five states representing the north east, south east, and western regions of the US, ranging from community hospitals to tertiary care centers, using either the Epic or Cerner electronic health record platform. Read More

BMJ 2022 Jun 27;377:e070876. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Departments of Medicine , NIAID, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America; Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. Electronic address:

Rationale: Much of our understanding of the targets of IgE comes from studies of allergy, though little is known about the natural immunogenic targets seen following parasitic worm infections. The use of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) allow for an unbiased, comprehensive characterization of the immunodominant antigens targeted by IgE in conditions (e.g. Read More

Eur J Dent 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Departement of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.

Objectives:  The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of lemongrass extract incorporated in a resorbable periodontal dressing on gingival wound healing microscopically, following gingivectomy in rats.

Materials And Methods:  Thirty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Gingivectomy was performed on anterior area of lower jaw in the labial surface of central incisive and, subsequently, wound areas were covered with povidone iodine gel (group P, positive control,  = 10), lemongrass resorbable dressing (group L,  = 10), and a cellulose-based dressing containing myrrh (group M, positive control,  = 10). Read More

Gene Expr Patterns 2022 Jun 24:119260. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China. Electronic address:

Walnuts (including those covered with a pellicle) are loved for their rich nutritional value. And the popular varieties of walnut cultivation are Juglans sigillata L. The pellicle (seed coat) of these walnut cultivars has different colors and has an indispensable influence on the walnut quality formation. Read More

Acta Biomater 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Iowa Technology Institute The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Electronic address:

We propose a new approach for constructing strain-based rupture criterion for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. The rupture metric is formulated using an effective strain, which is a measure of net strain that the collagen bundles experience after fiber uncrimping. The effective strain is a function of the total strain and the waviness properties of the collagen fibers. Read More

Infect Dis Now 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Centre de Référence en Infections Ostéoarticulaires complexes du Grand Ouest (CRIOGO), Academic hospital of Ponchaillou, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, Rennes, France.

Background: Optimal duration of antimicrobial regimen after reimplantation of two-stage procedures for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is poorly standardized. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of reimplantation microbiology with 6 weeks (2 stage positive culture) or 10 days (2 stage negative culture) of antibiotics in patients with complex chronic PJI and factors associated with microbiology at reimplantation.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center study including all consecutive complex PJI recipients managed by two-stage surgery in a referral centre, from 2015 to 2018. Read More

Contemp Clin Trials 2022 Jun 24:106840. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

University of Virginia School of Medicine, School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Tobacco use is increasing among youth in the U.S. The current study seeks to develop and pilot test a universal group-based Youth Brief Tobacco Intervention (Y-BTI) plus mobile phone automated text messaging (ATM) for 9th grade students to both prevent initiation among non-users and promote cessation among current users. Read More

Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022 Jun 24:101975. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India. Electronic address:

Colonoscopy is a safe and effective diagnostic modality for various ileo-colonic diseases. Though the procedure itself is a rare cause of ischaemic colitis. Fewer than 30 cases of ischaemic colitis caused by colonoscopy procedure have been reported in the literature to date. Read More

Semin Reprod Med 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University. Clayton, VIC, Australia.

Preconception health affects fertility, pregnancy, and future health outcomes but public awareness of this is low. Our aims were to rank priorities for preconception care (PCC), develop strategies to address these priorities, and establish values to guide future work in preconception healthcare in Australia. A Delphi technique involved two rounds of online voting and mid-round workshops. Read More

J Adv Res 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address:

Introduction: Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high-value functional biomaterials mainly produced by bacteria and fungi, with nutraceutical, therapeutic and industrial potentials.

Objectives: This study sought to characterize and assess the biological properties of the EPS produced by the yeast Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV.

Methods: After extracting the yeast's DNA and its molecular identification, the EPS from P. Read More

Toxicol In Vitro 2022 Jun 24:105424. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

University of Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, Rue Jean Souvraz SP18, F-62300 Lens, France. Electronic address:

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is localized at the brain microvascular endothelial cells. These cells form a tight barrier, limiting the access of cells, pathogens, chemicals, and toxins to the brain due to tight junctions and efflux transporters. As the BBB plays a role in the assessment of neurotoxicity and brain uptake of drugs, human in vitro BBB models are highly needed. Read More

Gene 2022 Jun 24:146692. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China. Electronic address:

SAUR (small auxin-up RNA) is an early auxin-responsive gene. In this study, a novel SAUR gene PtSAUR8 was cloned from poplar (Populus trichocarpa), and subcellular location analysis showed that it is targeted to the nuclear membrane. In addition, PtSAUR8 overexpression in Arabidopsis improved the plant resistance to drought stress. Read More

Microb Pathog 2022 Jun 24:105659. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China. Electronic address:

Biofilms formed by Yersinia pestis are able to attach to and block flea's proventriculus, which stimulates the transmission of this pathogen from fleas to mammals. In this study, we found that Nlp (YP1143) enhanced biofilm formation by Y. pestis and had regulatory effects on biofilm-associated genes at the transcriptional level. Read More

Drug Discov Today 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Drug resistance to chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies is a current challenge in cancer treatments. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and to drugs that target a specific molecule are not understood completely. In recent years, emerging evidence has frequently suggested that the dysregulation of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays important roles in the development of drug resistance. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China. Electronic address:

Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is the smallest known virus in shrimp, which causes runt-deformity syndrome (RDS) and leads to huge economic loss every year in penaeid shrimp farming. Previous studies have shown that the juvenile Penaeus vannamei is more susceptible to IHHNV infection than the adults, but the mechanism is still unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism of pathogenic differences in IHHNV infection of P. Read More

Cardiovasc Pathol 2022 Jun 24:107448. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA.

The key pathophysiological features in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and abnormalities in the mitral valve apparatus, but coronary microvascular dysfunction and ischemia have also been described. The small vessel disease changes could be reflected in the invasive measurement of the index of microvascular resistance, with prognostic potential. Read More