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Circulation 2018 Aug;138(7):724-726

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (P.A.K., S.E.).

Eur Heart J 2018 Oct 25. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements have been published. This interdisciplinary paper, prepared with involvement of eight European scientific societies, aims to review the available trial evidence and to define the principles needed to guide decision making in patients with PFO. In order to guarantee a strict process, position statements were developed with the use of a modified grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Read More

Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018 Sep 4. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.

Judicious use of real-world data (RWD) is expected to make all steps in the development and use of pharmaceuticals more effective and efficient, including research and development, regulatory decision making, health technology assessment, pricing, and reimbursement decisions and treatment. A "learning healthcare system" based on electronic health records and other routinely collected data will be required to harness the full potential of RWD to complement evidence based on randomized controlled trials. We describe and illustrate with examples the growing demand for a learning healthcare system; we contrast the exigencies of an efficient pharmaceutical ecosystem in the future with current deficiencies highlighted in recently published Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) reports; and we reflect on the steps necessary to enable the transition from healthcare data to actionable information. Read More

EuroIntervention 2018 08 25. Epub 2018 Aug 25.

S. Filippo Neri Hospital - ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy.

The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements have been published. This interdisciplinary paper, prepared with involvement of eight European scientific societies, aims to review the available trial evidence and to define the principles needed to guide decision making in patients with PFO. In order to guarantee a strict process, position statements were developed with the use of a modified grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2018 Jul-Sep;61(3):414-417

Postgraduate Program in Public Health; School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.

Kyrle's disease (KD) is a rare skin pathology characterized by transepidermal elimination of abnormal keratin. The aim of this article is to report a rare case of KD associated with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and HIV. A 51-year-old male patient complained of diarrhea for 8 months. Read More

Thromb Res 2018 May 17;167:149-155. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:

Background: Dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a standard strategy in acute coronary heart disease; however, it confers a considerable bleeding risk. Single-antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) inhibits haemostatic system activation ex vivo to a similar extent as DAPT. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are procoagulant and contribute to haemostatic system activation. Read More

PLoS One 2018 28;13(3):e0193735. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Rehabilitation Clinic Tobelbad, Tobelbad, Austria.

Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Data on the risks during rehabilitation are inconsistent, and thromboprophylactic strategies are heterogeneous. We aimed to evaluate the thrombotic risk and bleeding events of SCI patients during rehabilitation. Read More

Haemophilia 2018 May 1;24(3):405-413. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Introduction: Data on clinical characteristics and the prevalence of underlying coagulopathies in patients with mild-to-moderate bleeding disorders (MBDs) are scarce.

Aim: We established the Vienna Bleeding Biobank (VIBB) to characterize and thoroughly investigate Austrian patients with MBDs.

Results: Four hundred eighteen patients (female = 345, 82. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2018 Sep 10;29(6):630-632. Epub 2018 Jan 10.

a Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy.

Background: Kyrle's disease (KD) is a primary perforating dermatosis that affects more commonly 30-50 year old females, and clinically characterized by pruritic hyperkeratotic and ulcerated nodules, papules and plaques, localized on extensor surface of upper and lower limbs, and on the trunk.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the treatment with oral isotretinoin in KD.

Methods: We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with hyperkeratotic, erythematous-brown nodules and plaques localized on arms and legs, intensely itching; some lesions were ulcerated and discharging. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Nov 1;2017. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bariatric Medicine, Narayana Health City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

J Thromb Haemost 2018 Jan 8;16(1):31-35. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Essentials Natural antibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes have antithrombotic properties. We evaluated the relation between natural IgM and IgG antibodies and the venous thrombosis risk. Risk of recurrent thrombosis was higher in patients with low natural IgM antibody levels. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2017 11 18;15(11):2270-2273. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

J Thromb Haemost 2017 07 18;15(7):1368-1374. Epub 2017 May 18.

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Essentials Data on long-term cancer risk are controversial in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). We assessed long-term rates and risk factors of cancer in patients with VTE. Cancer risk after anticoagulation is not higher in VTE patients than in the general population. Read More

N Engl J Med 2017 03 18;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18.

From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (J.I.W.), and the Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (P.S.W.) - both in Canada; Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Leverkusen (A.W.A.L., M.C.S.F., G.H., A.F.P., S.D.B.), Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt (R.B.), the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (R.B.), and the Department of Hematology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden (J.B.-W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Epidemiology and Technology Assessment, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.H.P.); the Division of Angiology and Hemostasis and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva (H.B.); the Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney (T.A.B.); the Department of Haematology and Oncology, King's College London (J.B.-W.), the Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, King's College Hospital (A.T.C.), and Thrombosis Research Institute and University College London (A.K.K.) - all in London; the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (B.L.D.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1408, Sainbiose U1059, Investigation Network on Venous Thromboembolism, Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Thérapeutique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France (H.D.); Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (B.B.); Vascular Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.); and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.P.).

Background: Although many patients with venous thromboembolism require extended treatment, it is uncertain whether it is better to use full- or lower-intensity anticoagulation therapy or aspirin.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study, we assigned 3396 patients with venous thromboembolism to receive either once-daily rivaroxaban (at doses of 20 mg or 10 mg) or 100 mg of aspirin. All the study patients had completed 6 to 12 months of anticoagulation therapy and were in equipoise regarding the need for continued anticoagulation. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2016 Sep-Oct;91(5 suppl 1):10-13

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

Perforating dermatoses are a group of skin diseases characterized by transepidermal elimination of dermal material. The disease is divided into two groups: the primary group and the secondary group. The classical or primary perforating dermatoses are subdivided into four types according to the eliminated dermal materials: Kyrle disease, perforating reactive collagenosis, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, and perforating folliculitis. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2017 05 11;15(5):1040-1043. Epub 2017 Mar 11.

Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Int J Psychoanal 2017 Jun 17;98(3):799-819. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstraße 110, D-70376, Stuttgart.

Starting with Freud's discovery of unconscious phantasy as a means of accessing his patients' internal world, the author discusses the evolution of the concept in the work of Melanie Klein and some of her successors. Whereas Freud sees phantasy as a wish fulfilling imagination, dominated by primary process functioning and kept apart from reality testing, Klein understands phantasies as a structural function and organizer of mental life. From their very beginnings they involve object relations and gradually evolve from primitive body-near experiences to images and symbolic representations. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2016 07;64(7):81-82

Professor, P.G. Department of Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh.

Kyrle's disease is a rare skin disorder which is characterized by hyperkeratotic papules and nodules with a central keratotic plug mostly located in lower limbs. Exact etiology of Kyrle's disease is unknown, but its association has been reported sparsely with renal disorders, uremic patients on dialysis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease and paraneoplastic syndromes, tuberculosis and some fungal diseases. We report Kyrle's disease in a middle aged female suffering from diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy on hemodialysis. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2016 12 19;14(12):2402-2409. Epub 2016 Nov 19.

Department of Medicine I, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Essentials Long-term recurrence risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain. We performed a prospective cohort study of 839 patients with first unprovoked VTE. VTE recurrence risk is high, particularly in men with proximal thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2016 Sep;75(3):e99-e101

Dermatology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

J Dermatol 2017 Jun 23;44(6):721-722. Epub 2016 Jul 23.

Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.

J Thromb Haemost 2016 07 7;14(7):1480-3. Epub 2016 Jun 7.

Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 Jul;95(27):e4145

aDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology bClinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine cDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Background: There is a need to optimize pharmacological treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome and concomitant atrial fibrillation, in particular with newer antithrombotic medicines. We have therefore studied if dual or triple combination of antithrombotic agents exert similar effects on coagulation activation in an in vivo model in the skin microvasculature and in an ex vivo perfusion chamber.

Methods And Results: Shed blood platelet activation (β-thromboglobulin [β-TG]), thrombin generation (thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT]) and volume as well as markers of thrombus size (D-dimer) and its platelet content (P-selectin) in a perfusion chamber were studied in a sequential, open-label, parallel group trial in 40 healthy male volunteers (n = 20 per group). Read More

Rom J Intern Med 2016 Jan-Mar;54(1):66-9

Acquired perforating disorders are a group of uncommon skin conditions characterized by transepidermal extrusion of altered dermal material, most often associated with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney failure. Delusional parasitosis is a primary psychiatric disorder in which affected patients have fixed, false beliefs that their skin is infested by parasites, in the absence of any evidence supporting their statements. A 69 year old malepatient addressed the Dermatology Department for a skin eruption consisting of multiple umbilicated keratotic papules with a generalized distribution. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2016 Jan-Apr;8(1):5-9. Epub 2016 Jan 20.

Dermatology Department, University Hospital, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.

Kyrle disease (KD) and Flegel disease (FD) are rare variants of primary perforating dermatoses, characterized by transepidermal elimination of abnormal endogenous materials. We describe a 6-year-old Yemeni girl with a 2-year history of generalized asymptomatic, small, reddish-brown keratotic papules with a lenticular central keratotic plug. Although these features are synonymous with FD, the histology of a punch biopsy was consistent with KD. Read More

Haematologica 2016 02 27;101(2):115-208. Epub 2016 Jan 27.

Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, the Netherlands.

The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at €23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2016 Feb 30;14(2):273-81. Epub 2016 Jan 30.

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Unlabelled: ESSENTIALS: In acute coronary syndromes, dual antiplatelet therapy inhibits platelets but confers a bleeding risk. Healthy male volunteers received clopidogrel or ticagrelor plus aspirin or clopidogrel or ticagrelor alone. The decrease in β-thromboglobulin in shed blood was comparable after single and dual antiplatelet therapy. Read More

Blood 2016 Feb 11;127(6):696-702. Epub 2015 Dec 11.

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, and the Karl Landsteiner Institute of Thrombosis Research, Vienna, Austria.

Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is regarded a chronic disease as it often recurs. DVT affects most frequently the lower limbs and hence DVT of the leg will be the focus of this article. Whereas algorithms were developed and validated for the diagnosis of a first DVT, no such well-defined strategies exist in the case of recurrence of DVT. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2015 Sep;105(5):451-5

We report two cases of biopsy-confirmed Kyrle disease. Kyrle disease is one of the perforating dermatoses associated with diabetic patients undergoing renal dialysis. In this report, we describe the clinical and histopathologic features, the differential diagnoses, and successful treatment of this unusual disorder. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2015 Jul-Aug;60(4):423

Department of Dermatology, Command Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

A 24-year-old lady presented with the complaints of asymptomatic dark, raised lesions over her body since past 4 years. Dermatological examination revealed hyperkeratotic, hyperpigmented papules in a Blaschkoid distribution over trunk and extremities. The hyperkeratotic lesions could be removed leaving behind a small crater. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2015 Oct 7;13(10):1815-22. Epub 2015 Sep 7.

Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Background: Previous analyses reported a higher risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in men than women.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the risk of recurrence in men compared with women whilst taking female reproductive risk factors (oral contraception, postmenopausal hormone therapy and pregnancy) into account. In addition, we hypothesized that the sex difference in venous thrombosis was related to F9 Malmö, an X-linked prothrombotic factor. Read More

Haematologica 2015 Aug 22;100(8):1031-7. Epub 2015 May 22.

Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Oncology, University of Calgary, Southern Alberta Rare Blood and Bleeding Disorders Comprehensive Care Program, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Canada.

Standard treatment for Glanzmann thrombasthenia is platelet transfusion. Recombinant activated factor VII has been shown to be successful in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia with platelet antibodies or who are refractory to platelet transfusions. The Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry prospectively collected worldwide information on the effectiveness and safety of platelet transfusion, recombinant activated factor VII and/or antifibrinolytics for the treatment of bleeds in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Read More

Haematologica 2015 Aug 22;100(8):1038-44. Epub 2015 May 22.

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Regional Reference Center for Coagulation Disorders, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Standard treatment for Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a severe inherited bleeding disorder, is platelet transfusion. Recombinant factor VIIa is reported to be effective in Glanzmann thrombasthenia with platelet antibodies and/or refractoriness to platelet transfusions. We aimed to evaluate recombinant factor VIIa effectiveness and safety for the treatment and prevention of surgical bleeding in patients, with or without platelet antibodies and/or refractoriness, using data from the Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Registry, an international, multicenter, observational, post-marketing study of rFVIIa. Read More

Cleve Clin J Med 2015 Apr;82(4):216

Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatopathology and Cutaneous Immunopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. E-mail:

J Family Med Prim Care 2015 Apr-Jun;4(2):284-6

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pramukshwami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.

Kyrle's disease (KD) is an acquired perforating dermatosis associated with an underlying disorder such as diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure. It presents as multiple discrete, eruptive papules with a central crust or plug, often on the lower extremities. A keratotic plug is seen histologically in an atrophic epidermis and may penetrate the papillary dermis with transepidermal elimination of keratotic debris without collagen or elastic fibers. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2015 May 12;13(5):775-81. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Background: In order to stratify patients with a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) according to their recurrence risk and to identify those who would actually benefit from indefinite anticoagulation, three prediction models have been developed so far; none of them has been yet externally validated.

Objective: To externally validate the Vienna Prediction Model (VPM), a prediction guide for estimating the recurrence risk after a first unprovoked VTE developed through Cox modeling and including sex, D-dimer and index VTE site as predictors.

Patients/methods: Nine hundred and four patients pooled from five prospective studies evaluating the prognostic value of D-dimer for VTE recurrence served as the validation cohort. Read More

Wien Klin Wochenschr 2014 Dec 3;126(23-24):792-808. Epub 2014 Oct 3.

Klin. Abt. für Hämatologie u. Hämostaseologie, Univ.-Klin. f. Innere Medizin I, MedUni Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich,

The introduction of new direct oral anticoagulants has changed the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. However, these changes are not yet fully reflected in current guidelines.This consensus statement, endorsed by six Austrian medical societies, provides guidance to current prophylactic approaches of thromboembolic events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on the basis of current evidence and published guidelines. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2014 Nov 16;12(11):1850-60. Epub 2014 Oct 16.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Patients with acute coronary syndrome and concomitant atrial fibrillation may require antithrombotic triple therapy but clinical evidence of safety and efficacy is poor. We have therefore studied the combination of different antithrombotic medicines for coagulation activation in an in vivo model in the skin microvasculature.

Methods And Results: Platelet activation (β-thromboglobulin [β-TG]) and thrombin generation (prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 [F1+2 ], thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT]) were studied in an open-label, randomized, parallel group trial in 60 healthy male subjects (n = 20 per group) who received ticagrelor and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in combination with dabigatran (150 mg bid), rivaroxaban (20 mg od) or phenprocoumon (INR 2. Read More

Wien Klin Wochenschr 2014 Sep 20;126(17-18):503-8. Epub 2014 Aug 20.

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,

Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is licensed for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee and hip replacement, the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. As dabigatran has a favourable benefit-risk profile, it is being increasingly used. Dabigatran differs from vitamin K antagonists as regards its pharmacological characteristics and its impact on certain laboratory tests, and also in the lack of a direct antagonist that can reverse dabigatran-induced anticoagulation. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2014 Apr 30;26(2):162-71. Epub 2014 Apr 30.

Department of Dermatology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is histopathologically characterized by transepidermal elimination of materials from the upper dermis. APD can be divided into four diseases: Kyrle's disease, perforating folliculitis, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, and reactive perforating collagenosis. APD is usually associated with systemic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure. Read More

Thromb Res 2014 May;133 Suppl 2:S17-22

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Thrombosis Research, Vienna, Austria.

The association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is well-established. Many clinical and laboratory risk factors of a first cancer-associated VTE have been identified. In contrast, the pathogenesis of recurrent VTE in cancer patients is less well studied. Read More

Pol Arch Med Wewn 2014 ;124(4):216

J BUON 2014 Jan-Mar;19(1):317-8

Dept. of Dermatology, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece.

J Thromb Haemost 2014 May;12(5):635-40

Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Background: The optimal duration of anticoagulation for women who had venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with estrogen use is unknown.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that women who had a first VTE while using estrogens have a low risk of recurrence.

Methods: A Prospective cohort study of 630 women (333 estrogen users, 297 non-users) with a first VTE, who were followed for an average of 69 months after anticoagulation withdrawal. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2013 Nov-Dec;23(6):864-71

Dermatology Clinic.

Background: Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is a rare group of skin disorders characterized by transepidermal elimination of dermal tissue material. There are only a few studies of APD.

Objective: We aimed to review the clinicopathologic features of patients with APD and evaluate the outcomes of treatments. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2013 Oct-Dec;56(4):355-8

Department of pathology, K. J. Somaiya Medical College and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Perforating disorders of the skin, is an often overlooked entity characterized by transepidermal elimination of material from the upper dermis and are classified histopathologically according to the type of epidermal disruption and the nature of the eliminated material. They include Kyrle's disease, perforating folliculitis, reactive perforating collagenosis, and elastosis perforans serpiginosa.

Aim: The aim of this study was to delineate the clinical and histopathological features of perforating disorders of the skin. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2014 Jan 15;2014. Epub 2014 Jan 15.

Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey.

Kyrle's disease (KD) is a dermatosis which was first described by Kyrle as "hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans" in 1916. Perforating dermatoses are a heterogeneous disorder group characterised by transepithelial elimination. KD has been seen in association with multiple disorders, including diabetes mellitus, renal and liver diseases, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidaemia, infective diseases and abnormal metabolism of vitamin A. Read More

Pol Arch Med Wewn 2014 23;124(1-2):65-9. Epub 2013 Dec 23.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic disease. Recurrence can be prevented by anticoagulants, albeit at the cost of bleeding. Assessing the risk of recurrence is important to balance the risks and benefits of anticoagulation. Read More