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Dermatol Ther 2018 Dec 6:e12800. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

DISSAL Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa-IRCCS, AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolic product prostaglandin E (PGE ) are induced in response to growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, tumour promoters, activated oncogenes and, in the skin, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the COX-2/PGE pathway in tumourigenesis in various tissue types including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. There is also strong evidence for a role in the development of actinic keratoses (AKs) - common dysplastic lesions of the skin associated with UV radiation overexposure - considered as part of a continuum with skin cancer. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung.

Background: Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a widely used treatment for various dermatoses. The risk of skin cancer following long term NB-UVB phototherapy has rarely been explored in skin phototypes III-V.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide matched cohort study and identified a total of 22,891 psoriasis patients starting NB-UVB phototherapy from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database during the period 2000-2013. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address:

Background: There is lack of uniformity in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) terminology for non-melanocytic lesions (NMLs).

Objective: To review published RCM terms for NMLs and identify likely-synonymous terms.

Methods: Systematic review of original research articles adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted until August 19, 2017. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (dlPDT) is a painless and increasingly cost-effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). New protocols avoid incubation minimizing pain and adverse events. However, it is time-consuming and dependent on specific weather conditions. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Melanomas and nevi displaying regression features can be difficult to differentiate. To describe reflectance confocal microscopy features in benign and malignant pigmented skin lesions characterized by regression features in dermoscopy. Methods: Observational retrospective study. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Private practice, St Albans, UK.

Rev Prat 2017 12;67(10):1084-1088

Service de gériatrie - plaies et cicatrisation, hôpital Rothschild, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.

Actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in the elderly. The increase in life expectancy and the change in the habits of the population with respect to UV exposure have led to an increase in the incidence of actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There is no specific recommendation for the "frail" elderly, but they would not differ much from the recommendations of the younger subjects. Read More

J Healthc Qual Res 2018 Nov - Dec;33(6):360-369. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, España; Departamento de Salud Alicante Sant Joan, Alicante, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), España.

Objective: To analyse barriers limiting an integral approach in the care process of patients with actinic keratosis, and to validate a questionnaire of their perception in order to assess this approach.

Method: A qualitative study (Focus Group) was conducted to assess the perception of the healthcare process of professionals (dermatologists, family doctors, nurses, pharmacists and managers), and patients. A validation study of a new tool was conducted, defining the scope and contents of a questionnaire of perceived quality. Read More

Laryngoscope 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Coastal Ear, Nose and Throat, Neptune, New Jersey; and the Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, New Jersey, U.S.A.

Objectives/hypothesis: Meticulous scrutiny of laryngeal lesions with laryngoscopes and microscopes often identify angiogenic activity, one of the hallmarks of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between laryngoscopic appearance and histopathology of laryngeal lesions based on operative biopsies.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Nov/Dec;93(6):916-928

Board of directors of the Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.

Background: Dermatological diseases are among the primary causes of the demand for basic health care. Studies on the frequency of dermatoses are important for the proper management of health planning.

Objectives: To evaluate the nosological and behavioral profiles of dermatological consultations in Brazil. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Nov 27;24:8583-8591. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND UV-related skin disease such as actinic keratosis is a major concern in public health. In view of the cell injury induced by UVB, Klotho protein it is an ideal therapy to eliminate UVB-induced cell damages and the associated signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS To gain insights into the potential role of Klotho and the underlying molecular mechanism, we constructed a Klotho-overexpress HaCaT cell line and assessed the protection against UVB insults. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92122, California.

Benign pigmented lesions are among the most common dermatologic diagnoses that patients seek treatments for. Treatment modalities range from cryotherapy to light and laser-based technologies. These treatments have been shown to be effective, yet may lead to dyschromia or significant downtime. Read More

Dermatol Pract Concept 2018 Oct 31;8(4):322-323. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Vemurafenib, a selective BRAF kinase inhibitor, has been found to induce several cutaneous adverse effects, ranging from a keratosis pilaris-like reaction to squamous cell carcinoma. While photosensitivity has been well described as one of these manifestations, we report a case of a 6-year-old boy on vemurafenib who developed a severe blistering sunburn after only two 30-minute episodes of sun exposure. A brief review of other common cutaneous adverse effects of vemurafenib is also provided. Read More

Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.

Although most cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) develop from actinic keratoses (AK), the key events in this evolution remain unclear. We have combined the results of different genomic and expression array platforms on matched concomitant samples of sun-exposed skin (SES), AK and cSCC from ten immunocompetent patients. Gene expression analysis and copy number alterations were assessed using GeneChip Human Gene 2. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Centro de Dermatología «Dona Libânia», Fortaleza, Brasil.

Comput Med Imaging Graph 2018 Nov 3;71:19-29. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. Early detection is important as it significantly improves survival rates. Consequently, accurate discrimination of malignant skin lesions from benign lesions such as seborrheic keratoses or benign nevi is crucial, while accurate computerised classification of skin lesion images is of great interest to support diagnosis. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

Background: The effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil compared to imiquimod for preventing keratinocyte carcinoma is unknown.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod in preventing keratinocyte carcinoma in a real-world practice setting.

Methods: We identified 5,700 subjects who filled prescriptions for 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod for actinic keratosis treatment in 2007. Read More

Australas J Dermatol 2018 Nov 18. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.

Background/objectives: Lichen planus-like keratoses (LPLK) are benign skin lesions that can mimic malignancy; the clinical and dermoscopic features distinguishing lichen planus-like keratoses from skin tumors have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to identify dermoscopic features that may prevent unnecessary biopsies of lichen planus-like keratoses.

Methods: Retrospective, observational study of biopsied skin lesions. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(11):1835-1841. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China.

Aim: To describe the histopathologic and clinical features of eyelid tumor cases from Tianjin Eye Hospital during 2002 to 2015.

Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 2228 cases of eyelid tumors with pathologic diagnoses were enrolled. The eyelid tumors were classified into three groups according to tumor origin: epidermal, adnexal and miscellaneous, including melanocytic, neural and vascular lesions. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany.

Background: Actinic keratoses (AK) are early in situ carcinomas of the skin due to cumulative sun exposure. Cryosurgery is an easy and practicable lesion-directed approach for isolated lesions.

Objectives: To investigate if an upfront combination of cryosurgery with a topical intervention is superior to cryosurgery alone for AK. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2018 Nov 14;18(11). Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Department of Agricultural Machinery, University of Applied Science, Brodaer Straße 2, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the severity of hyperkeratosis (HK) in the teats of dairy cows can be assessed by a dielectric measurement. The study focused on surveying the occurrence of hyperkeratosis in a total of 241 teats of lactating dairy cows. A scoring system consisting of four categories was used to macroscopically assess the severity of HK. Read More

Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018 Jul;2018:1263-1266

Automatic skin lesion analysis involves two critical steps: lesion segmentation and lesion classification. In this work, we propose a novel multi-target deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to simultaneously tackle the problem of segmentation and classification. Based on U-Net and GoogleNet, a single model is constructed with three different targets of both lesion segmentation and two independent binary lesion classifications (i. Read More

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018 Sep-Oct;8(5):396-401. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Objective/aim: The aim of this study is to measure the association between oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) and habit of tobacco and alcohol in the population of Guntur city, Andhra Pradesh, South India.

Material And Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 participants in Guntur city with the habit of tobacco and alcohol consumption in various forms who were selected by stratified cluster random sampling technique. Guntur city was divided into four zones, that is, North, East, South, and West; and two administrative wards were randomly selected from each zone as clusters. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Nov 9. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Dermatology and Venereology Department, General Hospital, Alessandria, Italy -

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK), a hyperkeratotic lesion induced by solar exposure, is the precancerous lesion that most frequently develops into squamous cell carcinoma. Cryotherapy, topical fluorouracil 5, topical diclofenac 3% gel and, more recently, ingenol mebutate are used in addition to surgery. However, these treatments have varying degrees of effectiveness and are not always tolerated due to side effects. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Dec;79(6):1148-1150

Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Br J Dermatol 2018 Nov 12. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.

Background: Data on dermatological manifestations of Noonan syndrome (NS) remain heterogeneous and based on little dermatological expertise.

Objectives: To describe the dermatological manifestations of NS, compare them with the literature findings, and test for dermatological phenotype-genotype correlations with or without the presence of PTPN11 mutations.

Methods: We performed a large, 4-year, prospective, multicentric, collaborative dermatological and genetic study. Read More

Semergen 2018 Nov 8. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Ciudad Real I, Ciudad Real, España.

Objective: To determine the degree of correlation between the clinical diagnosis prior to the minor surgery process and its concordance with the results of histopathology report, as well as to determine the surgical data of little clinical importance compared to that which is really necessary and cost-effective.

Material And Method: A descriptive, observational, retrospective and transversal study was conducted of the Minor Surgery Activities of a clinic in the Ciudad Real Health Centre I.

Results: A total of 124 surgical specimens were sent for clinical diagnostic comparison, of which, the main clinical diagnoses were: intradermal melanocytic nevi (34. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) is suggested to be effective for actinic keratosis (AK). We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of dPDT versus conventional photodynamic therapy (cPDT) in patients with AK. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2018 Oct 13;4(4):291-295. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.

Background: Data about the contribution and the implications of dermoscopy in trichostasis spinulosa (TS) are lacking in the literature.

Objective: To describe dermoscopic features of TS in a large sample of patients and to correlate dermoscopy with clinical characteristics of the patients and therapeutic responses to medical treatments.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted (from October 2015 to June 2016) at the Department of Dermatology of Fez in Morocco. Read More

Curr Med Res Opin 2018 Nov 8:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

c Direzione Medica Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper Caronno Pertusella ( VA ), Italy.

Background: Treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) and field cancerization with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective therapeutic approach with a significant reduction in the number of AK lesions (-75% or more) associated with a significant cosmetic improvement of the photodamaged skin. Recently, also, the daylight PDT (DL-PDT) has proven to be as effective as the conventional PDT (C-PDT), but with a better tolerability. After C-PDT and DL-PDT it is advised to use photoprotection strategies to improve the clinical evolution and prevent the appearance of new AK lesions that usually appear 3-6 months after the last phototherapy session. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Aug;28(4):566-567

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Alameda de Santo António dos Capuchos, 1169-050 Lisbon, Portugal.

Med Lett Drugs Ther 2018 Sep;60(1556):157-158

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Dec 28;24:342-348. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen, Hungary.

The use of photodynamic therapy is extensive, due to its antitumoral, antibacterial and photorejuvenation effects. It destroys tumor via direct cell destruction and indirectly via vascular shutdown, induction of acute local inflammatory response and activation of the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the immunological effects of photodynamic therapy. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Oct 26. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.

Background: Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis, particularly for patients with large areas of field cancerization. Among the approved protocols in Europe, the most widely used requires irradiation with the Aktilite CL 128 lamp. However, pain during irradiation and the suboptimal adaptability of the lamp relative to the treatment area are two limiting factors of this protocol. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2018 Oct;17(10):1092-1098

Objective: Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) may present in any non-glabrous skin, but data are limited on the response to treatment as based on the SK location. We aimed to understand the relationship between SK location and clearance with up to 2 treatments of 40% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide topical solution (HP40).

Methods: We conducted a sub-analysis of data pooled from two randomized, double-blind, vehicle (VEH)-controlled clinical trials, including 937 patients, each with 4 target SKs (N=3,748 SKs), with at least 1 on the face and 1 on the trunk or extremities. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2018 Oct 25. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Diagnosis of actinic keratosis (AK) based only on clinical findings can be misleading, and histopathological diagnosis results in scars. Dynamic thermal imaging is a potential non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of AK. This imaging technique quantifies the infrared (IR) radiation emitted by a subject after exposure to external thermal stimuli, such as heat or cold. Read More

F1000Res 2018 6;7:1420. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is considered a rare syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and aggressively progressing periodontitis that finally leads to premature loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth. A four-year-old Egyptian boy presented with a maternal complaint that her child suffers from early loss of many teeth, presence of loose teeth along with an asymptomatic swelling related to the upper anterior area. The patient was diagnosed with PLS. Read More

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018 12;11:485-490. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

Background: Photosensitizing diuretics use (especially thiazide compounds) is associated with a significantly higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor of SCC.

Study Aim: To evaluate in a prospective cohort study the efficacy of topical piroxicam 0. Read More

Pediatr Int 2018 Oct;60(10):987-989

Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Dermatology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Br J Dermatol 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Germany.

Palmoplantar keratoderma punctata type 1 (PPKP1, MIM 148600), also known as the Buschke-Fischer-Brauer type, is a hereditary disorder of keratinization, characterized by multiple hyperkeratotic papules with central indentation irregularly distributed on the palms and soles. The lesions gradually progress in size and number with age and can be painful during ambulation. Although it is considered as a rare entity, mild presentations are probably underdiagnosed and the real number of affected individuals is underestimated. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Dec 15;24:366-371. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Background: Conventional photodynamic therapy (C-PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) in Asia, with some unmet needs. Severe PDT-associated pain results in low treatment willingness. Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) is a more simple and tolerable treatment that has the same efficacy as C-PDT in Europe. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Oct 17. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Department of Dermatology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Lahti, Finland.

Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) with methyl-5-aminolevulinate (MAL) is an effective treatment for mild and moderate actinic keratosis (AK).

Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy, tolerability and cost-effectiveness of BF-200 ALA compared with MAL in DL-PDT for grade I-II AKs.

Methods: This non-sponsored, prospective randomized double-blind multicentre trial included 69 patients with 767 grade I-II AKs located symmetrically on the face or scalp. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2018 Nov;154(11):1281-1285

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

Importance: Actinic keratosis is prevalent and has the potential to progress to keratinocyte carcinoma. Changes in the use and costs of actinic keratosis treatment are not well understood in the aging population.

Objective: To evaluate trends in the use and costs of actinic keratosis destruction in Medicare patients. Read More

Exp Dermatol 2018 Dec;27(12):1399-1402

Dermatology Practice, Friedrichshafen, Germany.

Background: It is important to collect data about the risk of transformation of an actinic keratosis (AK) lesion into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after a single photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-ALA patch for a longer follow-up period under daily routine.

Questions Addressed: The purpose of this non-interventional study (NIS) was to collect data on the frequency of occurrence of SCCs in the treated area during an interval of 2 years after a single 5-ALA patch-PDT.

Experimental Design: This prospective observational case-only study included patients with mild AK lesions on the head and face treated with 5-ALA patch-PDT according to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). Read More

Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018 4;14:1879-1885. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Fiorini Hospital, Polo Pontino, 04019 Terracina, Italy,

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are epidermal cutaneous neoplasia observed predominantly in middle-aged and older subjects with mainly photo type I and photo type II on sun-exposed surfaces as a result of DNA damage. AKs have historically been characterized as being "precancerous"; however, now it is considered by many authors a carcinoma in situ that can persist or progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with metastatic potential. Despite the advances in the recognition of typical clinic, dermoscopic and histologic patterns, currently it is not yet possible to predict which AKs will progress to SCC. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2018 Sep 1;11(9):28-31. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Dr. Del Rosso is with JDR Dermatology Research/Thomas Dermatology in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Ad-hoc reports within clinical studies of imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) have suggested the drug can improve both skin texture and overall signs of photodamage. We sought to assess the efficacy and tolerability of imiquimod 3.75% and 2. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2018 Oct 14:e12772. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

Eur J Pharm Sci 2018 Dec 11;125:223-231. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy. Electronic address:

Imiquimod (IMQ) is an immunostimulant drug topically used for the treatment of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. IMQ formulation and skin delivery is difficult because of its very low solubility in the most of pharmaceutical excipients and very poor skin penetration properties. The purpose of this study was to develop a microemulsion to optimize imiquimod skin delivery using d‑α‑tocopherol polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS) as surfactant (so as to take advantage of its thickening properties) and isostearic acid as oil phase. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common sun-induced skin disorder that can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is still no reliable method to predict high-risk AK.

Aim: To identify markers that reflect the biological behaviour of AK and to understand the pathogenesis of AK. Read More