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Microb Pathog 2022 Jun 23:105654. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. Electronic address:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and is the major cause of corneal infections in India and worldwide. The increase in antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas has prompted rise in significant research to develop alternative therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as potent alternatives to combat bacterial infections. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Jun 8;11(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.

spp. are the causative pathogens of several infections, including amoebic keratitis (AK), a vision-threatening infection. Acanthamoebae from corneal specimens of patients with AK harbor bacterial endosymbionts, which may increase virulence. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Jun 4;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.

The extensive use of ophthalmic antibiotics is contributing to the appearance of resistant bacterial strains, which require prolonged and massive treatments with consequent detrimental outcomes and adverse effects. In addition to these issues, antibiotics are not effective against parasites and viruses. In this context, antiseptics could be valuable alternatives. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 May 25;10(6). Epub 2022 May 25.

Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

While primarily Gram-positive bacteria cause bacterial eye infections, several Gram-negative species also pose eye health risks. Currently, few studies have tried to understand the pathogenic mechanisms involved in eye infections. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the pathogenic potential of strains isolated from eye infections. Read More

Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2022 Jun 17:101725. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University (ANU), 131 Garran Rd, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.

Bacterial keratitis (BK) presentations are often treated using the commercially available second-generation fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin 0.3% and ofloxacin 0.3% as monotherapy. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10264. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Empirical antimicrobial therapy is linked to a surge in antimicrobial resistant infections. However, an insight on the bacteria etiology of ocular infections is essential in the appropriation of choice of antimicrobial among clinicians, yet there remains a dearth of data from Ghana. We investigated the bacteria etiology of external ocular and periocular infections and antimicrobial treatment patterns among a Ghanaian ophthalmic population. Read More

Vet Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK.

Objective: To assess in vitro antibacterial efficacy of three cross-linking (XL) protocols on bacteria associated with canine ulcerative keratitis.

Methods: Three XL protocols: UVA 3 mW/cm for 60 min, UVA 3 mW/cm for 30 min, and UVA 30 mW/cm for 3 min with and without application of riboflavin and a riboflavin-only protocol were performed in vitro on the four most common bacterial genera isolated from cases of canine ulcerative keratitis treated at Dick White Referrals, UK. Zones of bacterial growth inhibition (GIZ) associated with treatment were measured and compared. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2022 10;15:3005-3012. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: To describe the etiology and spectrum of isolated pathogens in endophthalmitis over 10 years from an ophthalmic hospital in North China and report their antimicrobial susceptibilities.

Patients And Methods: The data covered the patients with endophthalmitis treated at Qingdao Eye Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020. Patients' medical history, pathogenic factors, bacterial and fungal culture results of intraocular specimens, and in vitro drug sensitivity test results were assessed. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022 Jun;58(6):433-440

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.

To analyze the etiological changes of children with infectious keratitis. Retrospective study. Data of patients diagnosed as bacterial, fungal, and amoebic keratitis from 2007 to 2016, aged no more than 14 years old, were collected in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies, trends, and antibiotic resistance of bacteria collected from ocular surface or contact lens material in a German tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019.

Methods: Microbiological data from 2009 to 2019 was analyzed. Culture-dependent microbial identification and analysis of antibiotic sensitivity was completed by the Institute of Microbiology. Read More

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

In the treatment of severe cases of bacterial keratitis, conventional eye drops containing antibiotics should be applied daily and very frequently. The aim of this study is to develop low-dose high-effect formulations with the prepared nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase patient compliance. NLC formulations were loaded with besifloxacin HCl (BHL) and the besifloxacin HCl: sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-CD) complex. Read More

Vet Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Dick White Referrals, Cambridge, UK.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare corneal culture results using the ESwab™ and Amies charcoal swab.

Animals Studied: One hundred fourteen canine and fifteen feline eyes.

Procedures: Retrospective analysis of Dick White Referrals bacterial and fungal corneal culture data was conducted. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Sep 28;27:101601. Epub 2022 May 28.

University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, University Hospital, Ophthalmology, Reims, France.

Purpose: We report the use of a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system in the microbiological diagnosis and the therapeutic management of a severe bacterial keratitis case.

Observations: During the management of a severe bacterial keratitis case, standard microbiological diagnostic methods were performed. At the same time, an additional ocular swab sampling from the cornea was performed and analyzed using two rapid multiplex PCR assays allowing the simultaneous detection of 29 different virus, yeast and bacteria genomes. Read More

J Med Virol 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

World Society for Virology, Massachusetts, USA.

A multicountry outbreak of the monkeypox virus has gained global attention. As of May 25, 250 confirmed human monkeypox cases have been reported globally. Monkeypox is caused by the Monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun;70(6):1982-1989

Ophthalmology, Dr R.P. Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To analyze the pattern of bacterial pathogens causing infective keratitis and their resistance to the recommended antibiotics over six years.

Methods: It was a retrospective study of 9,357 cases of bacterial keratitis from January 2015 to December 2020, at a tertiary care ophthalmic center. A total of 9,547 corneal specimens were obtained from the study subjects. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 May 31:11206721221106139. Epub 2022 May 31.

Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, 9295University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial and fungal infections of the eye and also to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates at a tertiary referral eye care hospital in Bari, Italy.

Methods: Two hundred seventy three samples collected during a 2-year observation period. Culture, Gram's stain, potassium hydroxide mount and occasionally Giemsa staining was done for the clinical specimens. Read More

J Mater Chem B 2022 Jun 22;10(24):4575-4587. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, School of Precision Instruments & Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Infectious keratitis is a serious disease originating when corneal trauma is infected with bacteria and has difficulties in healing due to stubborn infection and persistent inflammation featuring high reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Herein, a synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing strategy is proposed to treat bacterial keratitis by using poly(phenylboronic acid-(3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1)-one))--(2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate) ((PBA-DHPM--LAMA)) glycopolymeric micelles. The phenylboronic acid-(3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1)-one) (PBA-DHPM) groups not only act as active targeting ligands to allow epithelial penetration and bacterial anchorage, but also perform as effective ROS-scavenging agents to relieve inflammation. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Our review explains the role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in different kinds of bacterial infection based on its presence in different ocular surface tissues. We discuss the potential role of SP-D against invasion by pathogens, with the aim of identifying new prospects for the possible mechanism of SP-D-mediated immune processes, and the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of ocular bacterial infection.

Methods: We reviewed articles about the role of SP-D in various ocular bacterial infections or infection-related ocular diseases through PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science databases. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 May 2;77:103692. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, B.P Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Introduction: Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) can be serious as they may result in vision-threatening ocular inflammations and even loss of the eye. Delay in presentation or treatment by more than 24 hours from the time of injury results in a poor prognosis. In penetrating wounds, microorganisms enter the eye through penetrating objects. Read More

Pol J Microbiol 2022 Mar 14;71(1):55-62. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

The most common causal agents of fungal keratitis are yeasts of the genus. Adhesion constitutes the first stage of pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that glycosaminoglycans from the corneal cell surface play an essential role in bacterial keratitis, although little is known about their role in fungal infections. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 May 21;11(5). Epub 2022 May 21.

Optometry School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.

The purpose of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of an ultraviolet-C (UVC) device against microorganisms implicated in contact lens related adverse events. An UVC device with an emitting 4.5 mm diameter Light Emitting Diode (LED; 265 nm; 1. Read More

Biomaterials 2022 Jul 19;286:121577. Epub 2022 May 19.

School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.

Stubborn resistant bacteria, bacterial biofilms and severe inflammation are challenging issues in refractory keratitis treatment. Herein, we design a multifunctional near-infrared light-responsive nanoplatform for efficient therapy of refractory keratitis based on a "three-birds-with-one-stone" strategy, which integrates the bacteria targeting photodynamic therapy, nitric oxide (NO) sterilization, and NO-mediated anti-inflammatory property into one system. This nanoplatform (UCNANs) is constructed using the dual-emissive upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as cores coated with mesoporous silica for the loading of photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property and the grafting of NO donors and bacteria targeting molecules. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2022 May;71(5)

RuminAção - Teaching, Research and Extension in Ruminants, School of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is a significant ocular disease found in confined sheep. Little information about the aetiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility is available. There is limited information on the aetiological agents involved in keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks in sheep. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022 05;11(5):26

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

Purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of corneal infections. Recently, we discovered an antimicrobial drug combination, polymyxin B/trimethoprim (PT) + rifampin, that displayed impressive efficacy toward P. aeruginosa in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2022 18;17:2283-2299. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA.

Introduction: Untreated ocular infections can damage the unique fine structures of the eye with possible visual impairments and blindness. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) ophthalmic solution is prescribed as first-line therapy in ocular bacterial infections. Natamycin (NT) ophthalmic suspension is one of the progenitors in ocular antifungal therapy. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Globally, infectious keratitis is the fifth leading cause of blindness. The main predisposing factors include contact lens wear, ocular injury and ocular surface disease. Staphylococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Fusarium species, Candida species and Acanthamoeba species are the most common causal organisms. Read More

Biophys Chem 2022 Jul 22;286:106802. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, India. Electronic address:

Contact lens wearers are at an increased risk of developing Pseudomonas-associated corneal keratitis, which can lead to a host of serious ocular complications. Despite the use of topical antibiotics, ocular infections remain a major clinical problem, and a strategy to avoid Pseudomonas-associated microbial keratitis is urgently required. The hybrid peptide VR18 (VARGWGRKCPLFGKNKSR) was designed to have enhanced antimicrobial properties in the fight against Pseudomonas-induced microbial keratitis, including contact lens-related keratitis. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2022 19;2022:7094893. Epub 2022 May 19.

Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Background: Recurrence of herpetic keratitis following vaccination has been documented following vaccination with the Zostavax, trivalent flu, hepatitis A, and rabies vaccines. The USFDA and WHO have acknowledged that the novel COVID-19 vaccines similarly have a risk of reactive immunologic-based inflammation, namely, myositis, pericarditis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. . Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2022 Jul 18;108:108857. Epub 2022 May 18.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Electronic address:

Background: Bacterial keratitis is a common eye disease in dogs and can seriously affect vision. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of MCC950 in the cornea of canines infected with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius). Read More

Materials (Basel) 2022 May 8;15(9). Epub 2022 May 8.

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt.

The objective of this study was to enhance the corneal permeation of gatifloxacin (GTX) using cubosomal nanoparticle as a delivery system. Cubosomal nanoparticle loaded with GTX was prepared and subjected for in vitro and in vivo investigations. The prepared GTX-loaded cubosomal particles exhibited nanoparticle size of 197. Read More