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Radiographics 2022 May-Jun;42(3):644-660. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, C/ Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain (T.F., S.M., A.G.); Department of Pulmonary and Mediastinal Pathology, Department of Defense, the Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Md, and Department of Chest Imaging, American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Samsung ChangWon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), ChangWon, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E.M.); Department of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan (T.J.); Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea (J.C.); and Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Internal Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (J.R.G.).

Approximately 1.4 million virus-induced cancers occur annually, representing roughly 10% of the cancer burden worldwide. Seven oncogenic DNA and RNA viruses (ie, oncoviruses) are implicated in approximately 12%-25% of all human cancers owing to a variety of mechanisms as uncommon consequences of the normal viral life cycle. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2022 Jan-Mar;65(1):167-169

Department of Pediatric Oncology, TMC, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a locally aggressive vascular tumor usually seen in children. It is frequently associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. Here we report two cases of KHE: the first case being an 11-month-old boy who came with massive swelling on the face and violaceous discoloration. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2021 10 5;12(19):2618-2621. Epub 2021 Sep 5.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

HIV infection predisposes people to cancer, including AIDS-defining cancers, such as Kaposi sarcoma, and a broad range of non-AIDS-defining cancers. Here we report a case with rare coexistence of HIV and thymoma, and summarize all the comorbid cases that currently exist. We found that in all the cases reported, thymoma occurred when CD4+ counts were within a normal range, but the immune response in peripheral T-cell repertoire remains unknown. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2021 08 25;101(8):adv00528. Epub 2021 Aug 25.

Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinsky St, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel.

Data on post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma in heart and lung transplant recipients are sparse. This study examined the incidence of biopsy-proven post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma in thoracic organ recipients over a period of 20 years. As mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors were introduced in 2006 as optional maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, the overall results were analysed and stratified into 2 groups: 1996 to 2005 and 2006 to 2016. Read More

BMC Urol 2021 Jun 7;21(1):87. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Renal Medicine and Renal Transplant, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma is an uncommon complication in renal transplant patients, and typically presents with cutaneous lesions on the lower extremities. Penile involvement has been reported only rarely. Management of cutaneous-limited disease is primarily reduction of immunosuppression and conversion to an mTOR-inhibitor, whereas the treatment of disseminated disease in transplant patients is more variable. Read More

Tuberk Toraks 2020 Sep;68(3):285-292

Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a well-established diagnostic tool for lung cancer, sarcoidosis, and suspected metastatic extra-thoracic malignancy (ETM). Patients with primary ETM often have hypermetabolic mediastinal/hilar lymph node enlargement in the PET-scan done for initial staging or post treatment followup. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA and the relationship between PET-SUV values and diagnosis of malignancy metastasis in patients with ETM. Read More

J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020 Nov/Dec;44(6):821-832

From the Department of Radiology.

The most common sarcomas in the thorax are metastasis from an extrathoracic primary malignancy. Primary intrathoracic sarcomas are rare albeit aggressive malignancies that are diagnosed on histopathology. Although a few imaging characteristics have been described that are common to sarcomas, it is still a diagnosis of exclusion as other tumors are much more common. Read More

Mediastinum 2020 30;4:25. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Vascular tumors represent only a sliver of all tumors affecting the mediastinum, but they pose diagnostic challenges due to significant overlap among entities, ever-evolving classification schemes, and the exquisite rarity of some of the entities not only in the mediastinum but in pathology practice as a whole. Most of the vascular tumors are better known to the practice of soft tissue pathology, from which some of the knowledge of clinical behavior can be extrapolated. For example, the stratification of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) into two biologically separate categories has effectively translated from the somatic soft tissues to the thorax. Read More

Exp Clin Transplant 2022 05 4;20(5):537-540. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

From the Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Skin cancers are among the rarely seen complications after solid-organ transplant. Kaposi sarcoma invasion to an allograft is an uncommon condition. In this study, we present a case of Kaposi sarcoma in a 58-year-old patient diagnosed at 8 months after bilateral sequential lung transplant due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Read More

Curr Probl Cancer 2020 02 9;44(1):100502. Epub 2019 Sep 9.

Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address:

Background: Previously, studies have shown increased risks of second primary malignancies (SPM) after Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Nevertheless, investigation quantifying risks of SPM in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains scarce.

Methods: We used the US population-based SEER 9 Regs Custom Data, Nov 2016 Sub to analyze the risks of SPM in patients with DLBCL. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2019 Aug 18;18(2):955-959. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Diabetic Foot Care, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, 011233 Bucharest, Romania.

β-Blockers are a widely utilised class of medication. They have been in use for a variety of systemic disorders including hypertension, heart failure and intention tremors. Their use in dermatology has garnered growing interest with the discovery of their therapeutic effects in the treatment of haemangiomas, their potential positive effects in wound healing, Kaposi sarcoma, melanoma and pyogenic granuloma, and, more recently, pemphigus. Read More

Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019 07 5;14(1):165. Epub 2019 Jul 5.

Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Background: Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) are rare and aggressive vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features and prognosis of KLA and KHE involving the thorax.

Methods: The clinical features, imaging and pathological findings, treatments and outcome were retrospectively reviewed for 6 patients with KLA and 7 patients with KHE involving the thorax. Read More

J Clin Virol 2019 07 22;116:7-10. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Virus Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5HT, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a serious sequel to Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) infection in the immunosuppressed host. Usually requiring a cytological diagnosis, body cavity effusions are often referred for investigation for possible PEL. Although absence of HHV8 effectively refutes this, the presence of HHV8 DNA, though indicative is not diagnostic. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 22;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cascais, Cascais, Portugal.

A 29-year-old man with diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain and multiple purple papular lesions, neither pruriginous nor painful, was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with gastrointestinal involvement. He was started on highly active antiretroviral therapy immediately, as well as doxorubicin. Three weeks later, the patient developed bilateral moderate pleural effusion and large-volume ascites compatible with chylothorax and chylous ascites. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2019 Feb 11;10(2):318-320. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 420-767, Republic of Korea.

Multicentric Castleman's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma are more frequently observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, 40-50% of the cases are HIV-negative. The present study reports the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with palpable masses in the axillary and right inguinal areas. The blood test results revealed increased serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, with negative serological markers, including for HIV. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jan 22;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital Department of Respiratory Disorders Lung Disorders and Thoracic Medicine, Leicester, UK.

We present a case of a 33-year-old man with a background of HIV and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), who presented with a right sided chylothorax. He was managed with percutaneous chest drainage and talc pleurodesis, in addition to his chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy for KS and HIV, respectively. Good clinical control of the chylothorax remained 4 months post drainage. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 12 19;115(50):12805-12810. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;

Noncoding RNAs have substantial effects in host-virus interactions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel single-stranded noncoding RNAs which can decoy other RNAs or RNA-binding proteins to inhibit their functions. The role of circRNAs is largely unknown in the context of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). Read More

Chest 2018 11;154(5):e147-e151

Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.

Case Presentation: A 32-year-old man presented with fever, nonproductive cough, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and polyarticular pain for 2 weeks. His medical history included HIV diagnosed 10 years ago, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, Kaposi sarcoma, and herpes simplex virus-2 infection. The patient was not receiving antiretroviral therapy or antibiotic prophylaxis, and his last known CD4 count a month before was 45 cells/mm. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2019 Feb 30;21(1):e13005. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in body cavities and presenting with effusions. It has been described predominantly in patients with impaired immunity from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is associated with the Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). Seldom has PEL been diagnosed in persons negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and in such cases it has occurred primarily in the setting of posttransplant immunosuppression. Read More

J Heart Lung Transplant 2018 06;37(6):798-799

Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

R I Med J (2013) 2018 05 1;101(4):31-33. Epub 2018 May 1.

Associate Professor of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Rhode Island Medical Imaging.

Childs Nerv Syst 2018 08 13;34(8):1609-1611. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

Regional Service of Neurosurgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain.

Case Report: A 4-year-old boy with kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) developed progressive headaches and papilloedema and was diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri initially treated with acetazolamide. Clinical deterioration prompted placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. After the surgery, the child's condition has markedly improved. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(52):e9467

Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Section of Pathology Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padua Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Rationale: Koebner phenomenon is occasionally reported in patients affected by classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS).

Patient Concerns: Here, we report 2 cases of KS associated with Koebner phenomenon and the correlation of human herpesvirus 8 molecular analysis with the clinical outcome.

Interventions: In the first case, a patient with a history of sporadic cutaneous KS developed a recurrent lesion at the laryngeal tract, the site of a previous nodulectomy. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017 15;28:43. Epub 2017 Sep 15.

Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de Fann Dakar /Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5035 Dakar, Sénégal.

Late diagnosis of HIV infection can be fatal because it favors the appearance of opportunistic infections whose management requires the use of several molecules which can cause drug interactions. We report the case of a 45-year old female patient under heroin substitution treatment, using methadone and with HIV1 under antiretroviral treatment. This patient had nonspecific pulmonary appearance associated with dry nagging cough and progressive dyspnea evolving in a feverish context. Read More

Br J Haematol 2017 10 17;179(1). Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China.

Ann Thorac Med 2017 Apr-Jun;12(2):125-126

Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, Madrid 28046, Spain.

The simultaneous presentation of two noninflammatory pulmonary diseases, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and Kaposi's sarcoma (Ks), in an HIV-infected patient, is described. A 29-year-old black race patient was admitted to the hospital because of general malaise, weight loss, dyspnea, chest pain, and cough with hemoptoic expectoration. Chest X-rays revealed a patchy bilateral alveolar pattern with a tendency toward the formation of condensations. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2017 May 6;34(3):e146-e149. Epub 2017 Apr 6.

Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor that does not metastasize. We report two unique cases of KHE involving the right hemithorax and the upper ipsilateral extremity. Kasabach-Merrit phenomenon and osteolytic lesions in the scapula were observed in both cases. Read More

Respiration 2017 30;93(6):424-429. Epub 2017 Mar 30.

Unidad de Neumología Intervencionista, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: There are few published studies about the usefulness of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The clinical spectrum of likely diseases in this population is varied and differs from patients not infected with HIV.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the usefulness of EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in HIV-infected patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2017 03 20;17(1):52. Epub 2017 Mar 20.

, 4745 Ogletown-Stanton Road, MAP 1, Suite 220, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.

Background: When evaluating a common complaint such as cough, clinicians should rely on a patient's history and physical to guide them, but also not diverge from guidelines in screening and testing lest certain diagnoses be overlooked.

Case Presentation: A 44 year old Hispanic male presented to a pulmonologist's office after failing multiple courses of antibiotics for chronic cough, now six months in duration. He described intermittent scant hemoptysis and an evanescent migratory non-pruritic rash occasionally noted on his trunk or limbs. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2017 Feb 20;18:181-185. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA.

BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is known to involve the mucocutaneous tissues and the aero-digestive tracts. In acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, KS has an aggressive course and carries poor prognosis. We present a case of pulmonary KS with osseous metastases as the first presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a young male. Read More