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Clin Cancer Res 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

HIV and AIDS Malignancy branch, CCR/NCI/NIH.

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is important in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and bevacizumab has response rate of 31%. We explored the combination of bevacizumab with liposomal doxorubicin in patients with KS.

Experimental Design: KS patients requiring systemic therapy were enrolled in one of two cohorts. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Mar 27;7(6):1021-1024. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a tumour of endothelial, blood and lymphatic cells, caused by an infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). The skin lesions of KS, especially of the classical or Mediterranean variant (CKS), are represented by red-purple macules, plaques and nodules, localised mainly on the extremities.

Case Report: This case series intend to describe multifocal atypical kaposian manifestations in two HIV negative subjects, affected by CKS, treated with successful chemotherapy. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

From the Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Anastomosing hemangioma is a rare neoplastic vascular lesion, histologically mimicking angiosarcoma. It is predominantly composed of irregularly anastomosing sinusoidal-like spaces lined by endothelial cells with minimal atypia, a frequently hobnail morphology, and minimally invasive margins. Since its original description in the genitourinary system, an increasing number of anastomosing hemangiomas have been reported, localized deep in the body in various organs, always with similar histologic features. Read More

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019 May;374(1773):20180296

Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) comprise the oncogenic human γ-herpesvirus family and are responsible for 2-3% of all tumours in man. With their prominent growth-transforming abilities and high prevalence in the human population, these pathogens have probably shaped the human immune system throughout evolution for near perfect immune control of the respective chronic infections in the vast majority of healthy pathogen carriers. The exclusive tropism of EBV and KSHV for humans has, however, made it difficult in the past to study their infection, tumourigenesis and immune control in vivo. Read More

World J Clin Oncol 2019 Mar;10(3):110-135

Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", Timişoara 300041, Romania.

Malignant vascular tumors of the liver include rare primary hepatic mesenchymal tumors developed in the background of a normal liver parenchyma. Most of them are detected incidentally by the increased use of performing imaging techniques. Their diagnosis is challenging, involving clinical and imaging criteria, with final confirmation by histology and immunohistochemistry. Read More

Transfus Apher Sci 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey.

The case is here presented of a 70-year old male patient with rare coexistence of Kaposi Sarcoma and resistant Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). The Kaposi lesions were determined before the diagnosis of TTP and were exacerbated after receiving TTP-associated immunosuppressive therapy, in particular associated with rituximab. TTP in this case was resistant to conventional therapies such as steroid and plasma exchange and current immunosuppressive (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristin) treatments. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 22;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cascais, Cascais, Portugal.

A 29-year-old man with diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain and multiple purple papular lesions, neither pruriginous nor painful, was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with gastrointestinal involvement. He was started on highly active antiretroviral therapy immediately, as well as doxorubicin. Three weeks later, the patient developed bilateral moderate pleural effusion and large-volume ascites compatible with chylothorax and chylous ascites. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

AP-HP Hopital Saint Louis, Department of Dermatology; INSERM U976; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Background: Systemic therapeutic management of post-transplant Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is mainly based on 3 axes: reduction of immunosuppression, conversion to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and/or chemotherapy.

Objective: To obtain an overview of clinical strategies about the current treatment of KS.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including 145 solid organ transplant recipients diagnosed with KS between 1985 and 2011 to collect data regarding first-line treatment and response at 6 months. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 14;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, highly associated with HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. It commonly presents in extranodal sites, often an oral mass, but reports of primary central nervous system PBL (PCNSPBL) are exceedingly rare. Here, we report on a 33-year-old man with newly diagnosed HIV infection who presented with acute-onset unilateral visual disturbance and was found to have biopsy-proven PCNSPBL. Read More

Virology 2019 Feb 27;531:69-78. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is the key factor in the establishment and maintenance of latency of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). A cellular protein, recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ), is essential for the lytic reactivation of KSHV. However, whether RBPJ expression is regulated by KSHV is not clear. Read More

J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019 Mar 9:1078155219835592. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

3 Department of Pathology, İnönü University School of Medicine, Turgut Özal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade mesenchymal angioproliferative disease, mostly observed in immune compromised patients. KS is mostly encountered in HIV-positive or organ transplant patients. The drugs causing immunosuppression have also been associated with KS. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2019 Mar 6:e13384. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

In areas of the world where human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is endemic, Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a common SOT-associated cancer. In the United States, where the virus is not prevalent, PTKS is rare, and there is little literature on pediatric PTKS. We present a North American female who underwent deceased donor, left lateral segment liver transplant for biliary atresia at age 11 months. Read More

Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Internal Medicine Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens,. Greece.

Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD) presents with enlarged lymph nodes in multiple regions and systemic inflammatory symptoms, due to the dysregulation of cytokines, most commonly interleukin-6 (IL-6). Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) is strongly related to MCD (HHV-8-associated MCD) and is being implicated in cytokine dysregulation in patients, the majority of whom are HIV positive or immunosuppressed. Preferred treatment of HHV-8-associated MCD depends on the presence or not of concurrent Kaposi sarcoma and on whether the patient has life-threatening organ failure or poor performance status thought to be related to HHV-8-associated MCD. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 02 27;15(2):e1007628. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latently infects host cells and establishes lifelong persistence as an extra-chromosomal episome in the nucleus. To persist in proliferating cells, the viral genome typically replicates once per cell cycle and is distributed into daughter cells. This process involves host machinery utilized by KSHV, however the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Read More

Case Rep Pulmonol 2019 21;2019:9870494. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Wayne State University School of Medicine, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, 540 E Canfield Room No. 8829, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is an EBV-associated angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disease with multiorgan involvement that predominantly affects the lungs. We present a case of a 72-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia who presented with upper respiratory symptoms and multiple erythematous skin papules. Chest CT showed ill-defined, irregular solid pulmonary nodules with peripheral ground-glass opacities in a peribronchovascular distribution. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 21;9(1):2517. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, 160012, India.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) responsible for causing Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an opportunistic angioproliferative neoplasm is emerging rapidly. Despite this there is no permanent cure for this disease. The present study was aimed to design a multi-epitope based vaccine targeting the major glycoproteins of KSHV which plays an important role in the virus entry. Read More

J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019 Feb;17(2):171-189

28National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

As treatment of HIV has improved, people living with HIV (PLWH) have experienced a decreased risk of AIDS and AIDS-defining cancers (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and cervical cancer), but the risk of Kaposi sarcoma in PLWH is still elevated about 500-fold compared with the general population in the United States. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma provide diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance recommendations for PLWH who develop limited cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma and for those with advanced cutaneous, oral, visceral, or nodal disease. Read More

Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2019 Feb 18;17(1):eRC4504. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.

Kaposi sarcoma is an angioproliferative disorder that ranges from a single indolent skin lesion to respiratory and gastrointestinal/visceral involvement. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in non-immunosuppressed patients. Nineteen cases of penile Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-negative patients were reported in 2012. Read More

MBio 2019 02 19;10(1). Epub 2019 Feb 19.

UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). PEL has a highly active mTOR pathway, which makes mTOR a potential therapeutic target. MLN0128 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR that has entered clinical trials for solid tumors. Read More

Blood 2019 Apr 19;133(16):1753-1761. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive HIV-associated lymphoma with a relatively poor prognosis in the era of effective HIV therapy. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent, and ∼80% of tumors are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A better understanding of how KSHV-related immune dysregulation contributes to the natural history of PEL will improve outcomes. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Feb;23(3):1158-1164

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

With the introduction of HAART, the life expectancy of the patients infected with HIV almost approached that of the general population. The incidence of certain HIV-Associated cancers as Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) decreased, while an increase in Non-AIDS-Defining cancers (NADCs) has been documented. HIV infection is a risk factor for numerous cancers in PLWH. Read More

JAMA Oncol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.

Importance: Patients with HIV infection are at increased risk for cancer. Cancer is the leading cause of death among non-AIDS-defining illnesses in these patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has transformed the treatment of cancer. Read More

J Virol 2019 Apr 3;93(8). Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) alkaline exonuclease SOX, encoded by open reading frame 37 (ORF37), is a bifunctional early-lytic-phase protein that possesses alkaline 5'-to-3' DNase activity and promotes host shutoff at the mRNA level during productive lytic infection. While the SOX protein is well characterized for drastically impairing cellular gene expression, little is known about the impact of its DNase activity on the KSHV genome and life cycle and the biology of KSHV infections. Here, we introduced a previously described DNase-inactivating Glu129His (Q129H) mutation into the ORF37 gene of the viral genome to generate ORF37-Q129H recombinant virus (the Q129H mutant) and investigated the effects of loss or inactivation of DNase activity on viral genome replication, cleavage, and packaging. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 02 4;15(2):e1007536. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Extracellular signaling is a mechanism that higher eukaryotes have evolved to facilitate organismal homeostasis. Recent years have seen an emerging interest in the role of secreted microvesicles, termed extracellular vesicles (EV) or exosomes in this signaling network. EV contents can be modified by the cell in response to stimuli, allowing them to relay information to neighboring cells, influencing their physiology. Read More

Oncoimmunology 2019 5;8(2):e1546544. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Most chronic viruses evade T-cell and natural killer (NK) immunity through downregulation of immune surface markers. Previously we showed that Pomalidomide (Pom) increases surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected latent and lytic cells and restores ICAM-1 and B7-2 in latent cells. We explored the ability of Pom to increase immune surface marker expression in cells infected by other chronic viruses, including human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papilloma virus (HPV), Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):370

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Br J Haematol 2019 Apr 31;185(2):232-239. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Improvement of survival in lymphocytic leukaemia has been accompanied by the occurrence of second primary cancer (SPCs). Based on Swedish Family Cancer Database, we applied bi-directional analyses in which relative risks (RRs) were calculated for any SPCs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and the risks of these leukaemias as SPCs. After CLL, RRs were significant for 20 SPCs, and high for skin squamous cell cancer (24·58 for in situ and 7·63 for invasive), Merkel cell carcinoma (14·36), Hodgkin lymphoma (7·16) and Kaposi sarcoma (6·76). Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019 Jan 31;5(1). Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Leidos Biomedical Research, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) gained public attention as an AIDS-defining malignancy; its appearance on the skin was a highly stigmatizing sign of HIV infection during the height of the AIDS epidemic. The widespread introduction of effective antiretrovirals to control HIV by restoring immunocompetence reduced the prevalence of AIDS-related KS, although KS does occur in individuals with well-controlled HIV infection. KS also presents in individuals without HIV infection in older men (classic KS), in sub-Saharan Africa (endemic KS) and in transplant recipients (iatrogenic KS). Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019 Jan 31;5(1):10. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

PLoS Pathog 2019 01 30;15(1):e1007578. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly disseminated tumor of hyperproliferative spindle endothelial cells, is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy caused by infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 (vIRF1) is a viral oncogene but its role in KSHV-induced tumor invasiveness and motility remains unknown. Here, we report that vIRF1 promotes endothelial cell migration, invasion and proliferation by down-regulating miR-218-5p to relieve its suppression of downstream targets high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) and cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1 (CMPK1). Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Unit of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Eur J Dent Educ 2019 May 17;23(2):212-219. Epub 2019 Feb 17.

School of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the knowledge of the students of dental students regarding patients care towards HIV positive individuals.

Methods: Two hundred and eighty-three dental students (pre-clinical, n = 45; clinical, n = 238) answered an electronic questionnaire, approaching biosafety procedures, oral manifestations of AIDS and knowledge of HIV infection. Data were present as an average from findings from students of nine different semesters, grouping them by pre-clinical (1-4) and clinical (5-9) semesters, from two different university campuses. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2019 Feb 11;10(2):318-320. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 420-767, Republic of Korea.

Multicentric Castleman's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma are more frequently observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, 40-50% of the cases are HIV-negative. The present study reports the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with palpable masses in the axillary and right inguinal areas. The blood test results revealed increased serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, with negative serological markers, including for HIV. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Dec 15;24(12). Epub 2018 Dec 15.

The Ronald O. Perleman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm that is one of the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related malignancies. We present the case of a 42-year-old man with a new diagnosis of HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related epidemic KS. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2019 Jan 8;17(1):27-34. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.

The present study investigated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proteins involved in its associated signaling pathways in patients with classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated KS (AIDS-KS) in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. A total of 35 patients with KS were enrolled in the present study between May 2011 and July 2013, including 26 cases of AIDS-KS and 9 cases of classic KS. Another 10 healthy subjects of the Uygur ethnic group were included in the normal control group. Read More

J Virol 2019 Apr 21;93(7). Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Pathology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also called human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]), upon being reactivated, causes serious diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Its reactivation, especially how the cellular regulating mechanisms play roles in KSHV gene expression and viral DNA replication, is not fully understood. In searching for the cellular factors that regulate KSHV gene expression, we found that several histone deacetylases (HDACs) and sirtuins (SIRTs), including HDACs 2, 7, 8, and 11 and SIRTs 4 and 6, repress KSHV ori-Lyt promoter activity. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019 03;43(2):181-192

Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Human γ-herpesviruses include the closely related tumor viruses Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). EBV is the most growth-transforming pathogen known and is linked to at least seven human malignancies. KSHV is also associated with three human cancers. Read More

Malawi Med J 2018 09;30(3):162-166

Partners In Health, Neno, Malawi.

Introduction: Limited data exists on histologically confirmed cancers and tuberculosis in rural Malawi, despite the high burden of both conditions. One of the main reasons for the limited data is the lack of access to pathology services for diagnosis. We reviewed histopathology results of patients in Neno District, one of the poorest rural districts in Malawi, from May 2011 to July 2017, with an emphasis on cancers and tuberculosis. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 18;9:3119. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic gamma-herpesvirus that causes AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and several lymphoproliferative disorders. During the humoral immune response antigen-activated mature B cells acquire functional diversification by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class-switch recombination (CSR). CSR is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which targets highly repetitive switch (S)-regions to mediate DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in the IgH locus facilitating intramolecular recombination. Read More

Int J Cancer 2019 Jan 6. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano (PN), Italy.

Blood 2019 Mar 4;133(11):1186-1190. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 is associated with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). In MCD, infected B cells, although polyclonal, express a monotypic immunoglobulin Mλ phenotype, probably through editing toward λ light chain in mature B cells. They are considered to originate from pre-germinal center (GC) naive B cells. Read More

Curr Oncol 2018 Dec 1;25(6):e592-e596. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC.

Primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a rare human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8)-related large B cell lymphoma with plasmablastic, immunoblastic, or anaplastic features that often carries a poor prognosis. This lymphoma occurs mainly in patients with hiv infection, most often with Epstein-Barr virus (ebv) co-infection, and usually presents as body cavity effusions or, less commonly, as extracavitary lesions without effusion (ec-pel). Chemotherapeutic treatment options are limited and require concurrent antiretroviral therapy (art). Read More

Yakugaku Zasshi 2019 ;139(1):69-73

Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and Castleman's disease. While liposomal doxorubicin has been used as an effective treatment for KS patients, the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen used for PEL patients was reported to have 1-year survival rates of less than 40%. Moreover, the development of anti-KSHV drugs inhibiting viral replication has been delayed. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2019 Jan 2. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018 Dec 27. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College.

Objective: We aimed to establish the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancies in children attending a care and treatment clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study of children who attended an HIV care and treatment clinic between 2006 and 2014. Children aged 2 months to 17 years were eligible for participation. Read More

Blood Adv 2018 Dec;2(24):3618-3626

Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

HIV-associated lymphomas (HALs) have high rates of latent infection by gammaherpesviruses (GHVs). We hypothesized that proteasome inhibition would induce lytic activation of GHVs and inhibit HIV infectivity via preservation of cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G, improving lymphoma control. We tested this oncolytic and antiviral strategy by using bortezomib combined with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) alone or with rituximab (ICE/R) in relapsed/refractory HAL. Read More

BMC Cancer 2018 Dec 17;18(1):1258. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P.O Box 2236, Moshi, Tanzania.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative tumor involving blood and lymphatic vessels, caused by Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8). KS is an important AIDS-defining tumor with high prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania which has high HIV and HHV-8 sero-prevalence. It is critically important to monitor the prevalence of AIDS-defining tumors, such as KS, in the age of HIV/AIDS. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 12 17;14(12):e1007441. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.

KSHV is endemic in Uganda and the HIV epidemic has dramatically increased the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). To investigate the role of KSHV in the development of KS, we obtained KS biopsies from ART-naïve, HIV-positive individuals in Uganda and analyzed the tumors using RNAseq to globally characterize the KSHV transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF75 sequences from 23 tumors revealed 6 distinct genetic clusters with KSHV strains exhibiting M, N or P alleles. Read More

Am J Cancer Res 2018 1;8(11):2176-2184. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the etiological agent of cervical cancer and some other cancers. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) represents a principal causative agent of several human cancers arising in those immunocompromised patients. In fact, KSHV DNA has been detected in the female genital tract, and this virus may share some transmission routes with HPV, although the detection rate of KSHV in cervical samples is very low and the KSHV/HPV co-infection is seldom reported. Read More

Infect Agent Cancer 2018 11;13:39. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

1Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, 2 Alameda San Marcos Avenue, Chorrillos, 15067 Lima, Peru.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a neoplasm associated with a group of malignancies called AIDs-Defining Malignancies (ADMs) in Human-Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -patients. Similar to the case of NHL in Latin America, particularly in Peru, the amount of research done on others ADMs is limited, especially in the case of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Prior investigations have talked about the great potential risk that represents this illness in latin american population, but topics as prognosis factors are yet to be well defined. Read More