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Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jun 20;78:103842. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O 3050, Doha, Qatar.

Background And Introduction: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major health problem since discovery of the virus in 1981. Globally, since introduction of antiretroviral therapy, AIDS-related mortality was reduced by 47% since 2010. Also, HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs) became less common, especially with use of prophylaxis to prevent such infections. Read More

JCO Glob Oncol 2022 Jun;8:e2100379

Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.

Purpose: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative disease. In Peru, the implementation of the highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) program was in 2005, the model for treating patients with HIV-positive KS shifted to a potential cure. In this study, we aim to compare clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors associated with outcomes in patients with HIV-positive KS. Read More

Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022 Jul;31(3):485-510

Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK.

Vascular sarcomas encompass 3 well-defined sarcoma types: hemangioendothelioma, Kaposi sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. These distinct types are exceedingly rare and very different in terms of clinical behavior, biological features, and treatment approach. Because of this rarity and heterogeneity, it is crucial that vascular sarcomas are treated in sarcoma reference centers or networks, in order to ensure optimal management. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 15;14(5):e25014. Epub 2022 May 15.

Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, USA.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Epidemic KS is described in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It primarily affects the skin, but it may uncommonly disseminate to involve extracutaneous sites such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, and lungs. Read More

Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Mar;119(12):217

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 6;2022:9363131. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.

The Jiedu Huazhuo Quyu formula (JHQ) shows significant beneficial effects against liver fibrosis caused by Wilson's disease (WD). Hence, this study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of the JHQ treatment in WD-associated liver fibrosis. First, we collected 103 active compounds and 527 related targets of JHQ and 1187 targets related to WD-associated liver fibrosis from multiple databases. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2022 15;14(5):2939-2951. Epub 2022 May 15.

Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China.

Aims: Vascular tumors are composed of benign, intermediate, and malignant lesions. The diagnosis is challenging because some entities demonstrate overlapping morphologies and harbor the same genetic alterations. We describe herein a cohort of vascular tumors with clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. Read More

Skin Health Dis 2022 Jun 8;2(2):e107. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco California USA.

Background: While treatment options exist for solitary or disseminated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) disease, there are currently no standardized clinical treatment guidelines for cutaneous KS.

Objective: This systematic review seeks to identify safe and effective topical treatments for cutaneous KS lesions.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review using peer-reviewed articles from January 1970 to September 2021 published in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2022 Jun 5;10(6):e05919. Epub 2022 Jun 5.

Hematology and Transplant Center University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" Salerno Italy.

Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with immunosuppression and human herpesvirus 8 infection, while rarely described in myeloid malignancies. Here, we illustrate a rare case of chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, who developed a human herpesvirus 8-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Jun 7:1945998221105059. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

Objective: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) of the larynx is a rare disease with few cases reported in the literature. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of laryngeal KS, including patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes.

Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2022 Mar 15;28(2). Epub 2022 Mar 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.

Acroangiodermatitis (AAD)[KL1] is a rare vasoproliferative disorder often involving the extremities that has been classified into two variants. Mali-type AAD is more common and associated with chronic venous stasis. Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome[KL2], the other variant, is associated with underlying arteriovenous abnormalities. Read More

Skin Health Dis 2021 Jun 3;1(2):e28. Epub 2021 May 3.

Division of Medical and Radiological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.

Background: More than 90% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients will develop at least one type of skin disorder during the course of the disease. The prevalence and severity of skin disease commonly seen in HIV-infected patients has decreased in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Few studies in Ethiopia have shown the magnitude of skin problems among adult patients on cART. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022 06 3;20(6):892-904. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare, malignant, multilocular vascular disease originating from lymphatic endothelial cells that can primarily affect the skin and mucous membranes, but also the lymphatic system and internal organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs or liver. Five epidemiological subtypes of KS with variable clinical course and prognosis are distinguished, with increased incidence in specific populations: (1) Classical KS, (2) Iatrogenic KS in immunosuppression, (3) Endemic (African) lymphadenopathic KS, (4) Epidemic, HIV-associated KS and KS associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and (5) KS in men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV infection. This interdisciplinary guideline summarizes current practice-relevant recommendations on diangostics and therapy of the different forms of KS. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2022 Jan-Feb;67(1):68-70

Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia.

J Dermatolog Treat 2022 Jun 2:1-13. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Since medication absorption through the skin and eye tissue seems similar, commercially available eye-drops could be used to treat skin diseases when topical therapies are unavailable or unaffordable. The FDA-approved and off-label applications of various eye drops used as topical treatments in dermatological clinical practice were highlighted in this review. A thorough PubMed and Google Scholar library search using various combinations of the keywords (Eye drop, ocular solution, conjunctival installation, and skin diseases, topical, local, beta-blockers, prostaglandin, cyclosporin, apraclonidine, atropine, oxymetazoline). Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 May 16;12(5). Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare disease with four known variants: classic, epidemic, endemic and iatrogenic (transplant-related), all caused by an oncogenic virus named Human Herpes Virus 8. The viral infection in itself, along with the oncogenic properties of HHV8 and with immune system dysfunction, forms the grounds on which Kaposi's Sarcoma may develop. Infection with HHV8 occurs through saliva via close contacts, blood, blood products, solid organ donation and, rarely, vertical transmission. Read More

PLoS Comput Biol 2022 05 26;18(5):e1010150. Epub 2022 May 26.

Laboratoire CiTCoM, UMR 8038 CNRS, and Laboratoire BFA, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is a human oncovirus. KSHV relies on manipulating the host cell N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) RNA modification pathway to enhance virus replication. Methylation within a RNA stem loop of the open reading frame 50 (ORF50) increases transcript stability via the recruitment of the m6A reader, SND1. Read More

Int J Cancer 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

In sub-Saharan Africa, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a significant public health problem. Until recently, KSHV genotype analysis was performed using variable gene regions, representing a small fraction of the genome, and thus the contribution of sequence variation to viral transmission or pathogenesis are understudied. We performed near full-length KSHV genome sequence analysis on samples from 43 individuals selected from a large Cameroonian KS case-control study. Read More

AIDS 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch.

Objectives: We estimated years of life lost (YLLs) to all causes of death and YLL lost to cancer among persons with HIV (PWH) in the United States.

Design: Linked HIV and cancer registry data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study were used to identify incident cancers and deaths among PWH in 11 regions of the United States during 2006-2015.

Methods: Mean YLL (MYLL) to all causes of death and MYLL to cancer during 2006-2015 were derived from the restricted mean survival estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Read More

J Virol 2022 Jun 23;96(12):e0010122. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Oral Biology, University of Floridagrid.15276.37 College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

The immediate early viral protein replication and transcription activator (RTA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is essential for activating the lytic cycle of KSHV. RTA induces the KSHV lytic cycle by several mechanisms, acting as a viral transcription factor that directly induces viral and host genes and acting as a viral E3 ubiquitin ligase by degrading host proteins that block viral lytic replication. Recently, we have characterized the global gene expression changes in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) upon lytic reactivation of KSHV, which also led to the identification of rapidly downregulated genes such as ID2, an inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 5;9:897264. Epub 2022 May 5.

Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) persists in the host despite a vigorous immune response that includes cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting the virus has developed effective mechanisms to counteract host immune surveillance. We recently showed that treatment of HTLV-1-infected cells with the drug pomalidomide (Pom) increases surface expression of MHC-I, ICAM-1, and B7-2, and significantly increases the susceptibility of HTLV-1-infected cells to NK and CTL killing, which is dependent on viral expression. We reasoned that by restoring cell surface expression of these molecules, Pom treatment has the potential to reduce virus burden by rendering infected cells susceptible to NK and CTL killing. Read More

J Clin Exp Dent 2022 May 1;14(5):e453-e456. Epub 2022 May 1.

DDS, PhD, Associate professor, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) etiologically linked to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most common HIV associated cancer despite the generalization of antiretroviral therapy. Head, neck, and especially oral cavity are common and specific sites for lesions. Those oral lesions contain a high viral load of KSHV virus and are one of the signs of disease severity. Read More

Noncoding RNA Res 2022 Jun 10;7(2):114-122. Epub 2022 Apr 10.

Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Kaposi sarcoma in HIV/AIDS patients is referred to as epidemic KS and is the most common HIV-related malignancy worldwide. The lack of a diagnostic assay to detect latent and early-stage disease has increased disease morbidity and mortality. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2022 Apr 27;14(9). Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Nuclear Medicine Department, Saint Louis University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.

Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18) (FDG PET/CT) is increasingly used in Kaposi sarcoma (KS), but its value has not been assessed.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT to define the extent of disease in KS.

Methods: Consecutive patients with KS referred to our department for FDG PET/CT were included. Read More

J Transl Med 2022 05 13;20(1):217. Epub 2022 May 13.

HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA.

Background: The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), both downregulate immune surface molecules, such as MHC-I, ICAM-1, and B7-2, enabling them to evade T-cell and natural killer cell immunity. Both also either encode for human cyclin homologues or promote cellular cyclin activity, and this has been shown to be important for proliferation and survival of gammaherpesvirus-induced tumors. CDK4/6 inhibitors, which are approved for certain breast cancers, have been shown to enhance expression of MHC-I in cell lines and murine models of breast cancer, and this was attributed to activation of interferons by endogenous retrovirus elements. Read More

Cell Rep 2022 May;39(6):110788

Department of Dermatology School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Viral Oncology and Pathogen-Associated Malignancies Initiative, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Electronic address:

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establishes a latent infection in the cell nucleus, but where KSHV episomal genomes are tethered and the mechanisms underlying KSHV lytic reactivation are unclear. Here, we study the nuclear microenvironment of KSHV episomes and show that the KSHV latency-lytic replication switch is regulated via viral long non-coding (lnc)RNA-CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4) interaction. KSHV episomes localize with CHD4 and ADNP proteins, components of the cellular ChAHP complex. Read More

Cell Rep 2022 May;39(6):110810

Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Electronic address:

The presence and abundance of viral proteins within host cells are part of the essential signatures of the cellular stages of viral infections. However, methods that can comprehensively detect and quantify these proteins are still limited, particularly for viruses with large protein coding capacity. Here, we design and experimentally validate a mass spectrometry-based Targeted herpesviRUS proTEin Detection (TRUSTED) assay for monitoring human viruses representing the three Herpesviridae subfamilies-herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.