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World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jun 8;6(2):118-124. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Pediatric skull base lesions are complex and challenging disorders. Safe and comprehensive management of this diverse group of disorders requires the expertise of an experienced multidisciplinary skull base team. Adult endoscopic skull base surgery has evolved due to technologic and surgical advancements, multidisciplinary team approaches, and continued innovation. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2020 Jun 16:145561320934602. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

Surg Neurol Int 2020 9;11:97. Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, California, USA.

Background: The aim of the study was to present a case of mixed olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and carcinoma, an extremely rare tumor with only a few cases in the published literature.

Case Description: An otherwise healthy 27-year-old male presented with sinus complaints, headache, and unilateral eye discharge. Imaging and endoscopy revealed a mass presumed to represent a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2020 Jul - Aug;41(4):102298. Epub 2019 Sep 10.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Background: To study the pattern of olfactory dysfunction/recovery in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA).

Methods: Olfactory assessment was undertaken in 30 patients (category1) both pre- & post-operatively and in another 18 (category 2) only postoperative. All patients underwent transpalatal excision and variables of interest included age, radiological stage/parameters & tumor size. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2020 Jul;45(7):e325-e326

Nuclear Medicine.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed universally in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). As contrast enhancement of postoperative scar is common with contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI), diagnosis of residual/recurrent JNA remains perplexing. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET targets only the neovasculature and may aid in resolving this dilemma. Read More

Head Neck 2020 May 4. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Endoscopic transmaxillary approaches to remove juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) have been described previously and are used for tumors that extend laterally in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and infratemporal fossa (ITF). There is no previous description of robotic-assisted JNA removal in the literature. The video will demonstrate the success of this technique. Read More

Indian J Nucl Med 2020 Apr-Jun;35(2):176-177. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Somatostatin (SST) cell surface receptors (SSTRs) are expressed in many different malignant, benign, and neuroendocrine tumors. SSTRs are also expressed in the endothelium of human vessels during angiogenesis and not in the nonproliferating vessels. We present a case of 19-year-old boy with juvenile nasal angiofibroma (JNA), who underwent Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT to explore SSTRs expression and theranostic potential. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2020 Jul 22;15(7):812-815. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma is a rare and locally aggressive benign tumor. It is characterized by high vascularization leading to spontaneous bleeding or massive hemorrhage. We reported a case of 13 years old boy with a swollen at the right face, nasal congestion, recurrent nose bleeding, hyposmia, headache, breathing difficulty, and a nasopharyngeal mass at CT scan. Read More

Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020 Feb 18;54(1):63-64. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

2Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

We present a case of a 16-year-old boy who underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT for residual disease assessment of juvenile nasal angiofibroma. Positive uptake was noted in residual tumor on PET/CT imaging. However, there was no abnormal uptake in surrounding scar tissues as compared with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2020 Apr;45(4):308-309

Nuclear Medicine.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor-associated neovasculature of various nonprostatic benign and malignant neoplasms including juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). Positive uptake on PET/CT imaging with Ga-labeled PSMA is noted in a patient with residual disease after initial surgery without any abnormal uptake in postoperative fibrosis, in contrast to contrast-enhanced MRI, which was confirmed by biopsy. Ga-PSMA PET/CT may be a useful tool clinically for identifying early biochemical recurrences and in specifically differentiating recurrences from surgical site reparative tissue. Read More

Otolaryngol Pol 2019 Oct;74(2):1-7

Zakład Radiologii Zabiegowej i Neuroradiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie.

Introduction: This retrospective study analyzes radiological findings, therapeutic management and outcomes of patients with intracranial extension of JNA. The routes of intracranial spread, incidence of intracranial disease and influence on therapeutic approach are discussed.

Material And Methods: An evaluation on the records of 62 patients with JNA was performed and 10 patients with intracranial tumors were included in the study. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 04 11;67(4):e28162. Epub 2020 Jan 11.

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Hemangioma and Vascular Malformations Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a pathologically benign yet locally aggressive and destructive tumor that develops in the choana and nasopharynx. Historical treatment of JNA has included embolization, surgical resection, and radiation. Here, we describe three patients who received therapy with the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus with improvement in clinical symptoms, imaging, and overall well-being. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020 May 26;129(5):498-504. Epub 2019 Dec 26.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Objective: To report trends in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) hospitalizations and identify key factors affecting treatment outcomes and cost of care in JNA patients.

Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids' Inpatient Database was queried for all cases of JNA between the years of 1997 and 2016. Key factors extracted were patient demographics, geographic region, hospital size, teaching status, elective admissions, and number of diagnoses and procedures performed during the hospitalization. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Mar 4;130:109805. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives/purpose: 1. Understand three different techniques for embolization of juvenile nasal angiofibroma (JNA) and assess their combined efficacy. 2. Read More

Bull Emerg Trauma 2019 Oct;7(4):424-426

Department of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Nasopharyngeal masses in young males, first of all presumes Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) in the mind, but other benign or malignant tumors should be considered for successful and adequate management of patients and also for minimizing morbidity from unnecessary interventions. We herein present a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) mimicking JNA. The patient was presumed as JNA and underwent excessive surgical intervention and the final histopathology report was NPC. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2019 ;84(5):76-80

N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia, 125047.

Juvenile nasal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign, fibro-vascular, locally aggressive tumor with invasive growth patterns and high probability of recurrence. JNA present exclusively in adolescent boys between 9 and 19 years of age, total about 0.05% of head and neck tumors. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Nov 15;71(Suppl 3):2114-2116. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of ENT, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Angiomatous Nasal polyps is the rarest entity amongst the various types of nasal polyps known. It presents as mass filling the nasal cavity with extensions into surrounding structures; patients often presenting with symptoms of nasal obstruction and epistaxis, thus, mimicking nasal angiofibromas or malignancies. Here, we present a case of 16-year-old male, with complaints of unilateral nasal obstruction, intermittent epistaxis, anosmia, headache, ipsilateral epiphora and facial swelling. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Nov 1;71(Suppl 3):1730-1733. Epub 2017 Feb 1.

2Department of Surgery, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.

To establish our current practice of 'group and save' blood for nasopharyngeal tumour biopsy (NB), and to determine the rate of blood transfusions among patients who underwent NB under general anaesthesia. A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent biopsy of NB in our tertiary institution between January 2006 and December 2015 was undertaken. Those with Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were excluded. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019 Dec 26;80(6):577-585. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta Georgia, United States.

 The effect on recurrence rate between patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), treated by an endoscopic versus open approach, has not been well established.  A meta-analysis of the available literature concerning recurrence rate in patients who underwent surgery for JNA.  A retrospective meta-analysis of studies analyzing recurrence rate after endoscopic or open surgery for patients with JNA was performed using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects method. Read More

F1000Res 2019 5;8:1593. Epub 2019 Sep 5.

Otorhinolaryngology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Philippines.

Epistaxis may be profuse in individuals with normal bleeding parameters, but in an individual with haemophilia, it may be life-threatening. It is even more dangerous when epistaxis is caused by an undetected concomitant juvenile angiofibroma, and only one such case has been reported in the English literature. We report another case, of an 18-year-old Filipino adolescent with severe haemophilia A who was referred for repeated massive epistaxis. Read More

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019 11 17;9(11):1273-1280. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Background: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) has a high recurrence rate after surgery. Cofilin overexpression is associated with increased tumor cell metastasis, and progression of various human cancers. However, studies on cofilin expression in JNA are rare. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019 Oct 11;80(5):527-539. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States.

 To perform a systematic review examining experiences with endoscopic resection of skull base lesions in the pediatric population, with a focus on outcomes, recurrence, and surgical morbidities.  PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were evaluated. Studies were assessed for level of evidence. Read More

Discov Med 2019 06;27(150):245-254

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a histopathologically benign and highly vascular neoplasm, which is mainly seen in young adolescent men. It is a rare tumor, accounting for 0.05% of all head and neck neoplasms. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Jun 7;71(2):278-281. Epub 2018 Feb 7.

Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.

The evolution of the packing of postnasal space following transpalatal excision of JNA in the last 7 decades is described and a modification is presented for minimizing the immediate postoperative morbidity. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 06;50(6):385-387

Preoperative embolization is currently widely followed in the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) to reduce intraoperative bleeding. However, embolization can result in untoward complications like stroke and blindness. The authors present the case of a 14-year-old boy with recurrent JNA who developed hemi-central retinal artery occlusion after embolization of branches of the external carotid artery. Read More

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2019 May;31(104):191-195

Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Introduction: Angiomyolipoma (AML), a benign mesenchymal tumor that commonly arises from the kidney, may be associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas). Nasal angiomyolipoma is very rare and usually occurs in elderly individuals with epistaxis and nasal obstruction.

Case Report: We report a rare case of nasal angiomyolipoma in a young male. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019 Nov 31;128(11):1061-1072. Epub 2019 May 31.

Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Objective: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular tumor of unknown etiology. Studies investigating the molecular and genetic determinants of JNA are limited by small sample size and inconsistent approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine all eligible JNA studies in aggregate, applying qualitative analysis to highlight areas of particular relevance, including potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019 Oct 14;128(10):932-937. Epub 2019 May 14.

1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University Langone Health, NY, USA.

Objective: To evaluate rates of epiphora after transection and marsupialization of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) during endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery.

Introduction: The nasolacrimal canal forms part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. Transecting the NLD is sometimes necessary for tumor resection or surgical access to maxillary sinus and infratemporal fossa pathology. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 08 23;161(2):352-361. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Objective: To develop a systematic method for anatomic mapping of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) tumors to standardize communication, facilitate surgical planning, and convey prognosis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Tertiary referral center. Read More

Cureus 2018 Sep 14;10(9):e3304. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Dermatology, San Diego Family Dermatology, San Diego, USA.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a vascular tumor that typically occurs in men. Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) is a tumor affecting the vestibulocochlear nerve. A 38-year-old man with various pigmented lesions and history of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, vestibular schwannoma, and cleft lip and cleft palate is described. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2019 May - Jun;40(3):343-346. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is non-metastasizing but potentially locally destructive tumor of the nasopharynx. It can destroy the skull base and invade into the cerebrum. Surgical management is the primary standard but residual disease is always a risk factor. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2019 05 12;44(3):456-460. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019 Jan-Mar;9(1):115-118. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.

A few studies have reported incomplete resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) following embolization. The likely effects of embolization, viz. shrinkage/reduced tensile strength may have increased the fragility of tumour, leaving remnants postoperatively particularly across hour-glass constriction of sphenopalatine foramina. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 May/Jun;30(3):800-802

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.

Lesions involving the masseteric and buccal spaces have traditionally required transoral or transcervical approaches. Herein, the authors describe the successful endonasal endoscopic resection of a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) with significant extension into the masseteric and buccal spaces facilitated by transoral finger retraction. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are hypervascular tumors originating in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) with complex relationships to skull base and orbital structures. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Feb 21;276(2):613-617. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Purpose: Approximately 20% of cancers are estimated to have a viral etiology. We aimed to investigate whether DNA of 8 human parvoviruses [bocavirus 1-4 (HBoV1-4), parvovirus B19 (B19V), protoparvoviruses (bufa-, tusa-, and cutavirus)] and 13 human polyomaviruses (HPyV) can be detected in oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC/OSCC), and in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) tissue samples.

Methods: Fresh samples of seven JNA tissues and ten paired tissues of OSCC/OPSCC tumor and adjacent healthy tissues were collected. Read More

Laryngoscope 2019 08 19;129(8):1777-1783. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Objectives/hypothesis: To highlight the presentation and management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) in prepubertal children.

Study Design: Single-institution 10-year retrospective review.

Methods: All identified cases of pathologically confirmed JNA in children <10 years of age were assessed from a gender, imaging and embolization findings, tumor stage, surgical approach, and clinical outcomes standpoint, and compared to a group of stage-matched older patients from the same time period. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2018 Dec 5;9(6):702-704. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy.

'Juvenile' nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, which accounts for <1% of all head and neck neoplasms, occurs predominantly in males between 10 and 18 years of age. The small number of patients older than 30 years confirms that presentation after this age is exceptional. Only rare cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in female patients have been documented to date, and some authors believe that sex chromosome studies are indicated in such cases. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2018 Oct;27(4):785-792

Dr KM Reza-Ul-Haq, Assistant Professor, Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Delta Medical College, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is an uncommon, benign and extremely vascular tumour which accounts for 0.05-0.5% of all head and neck tumours. Read More

Otolaryngol Pol 2018 Aug;72(5):31-36

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie II Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Anglojęzycznym Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych.

Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, vascular tumor originating in the nasopharynx. The treatment of choice for JNA is surgical excision. In recent years, surgical management has been greatly influenced by the use of the transnasal endoscopic technique. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2018 Dec 9;79(6):533-537. Epub 2018 Apr 9.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

 We compare the open and transnasal approaches for the excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas regarding the rate of morbidity, and residual tumor and its symptomatic recurrence over time. In addition, we present volumetric measurements of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas over time.  All surgically treated patients of our institution were reviewed back to 1969 for type of surgery, residual tumor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetry, recurrence, and morbidity. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jan 1;276(1):93-100. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, Nepal.

Background: The molecular profile of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is extremely variable. In absence of established molecular signature the molecular targeting seems difficult for this heterogeneous disease. To establish a basic molecular signature, this paper analyses the interaction of 7 markers according to their ranks as per the decreasing scale of molecular expression. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Nov 22;132(11):978-983. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Faculty of Medicine,Hacettepe University,Ankara,Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to present the clinical features and surgical outcomes of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma patients who were surgically treated.

Methods: The medical records of 48 male patients histologically confirmed as having juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, who underwent transnasal endoscopic surgery between 2005 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The overall recurrence rate was 20. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Nov 31;275(11):2719-2726. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Background: A molecular surrogate may exist for the clinical behaviour of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA).

Methods: In 9-14 cases, a 'correlation' of clinical behaviour with molecular expression (m-RNA expression through RT-PCR) of VEGF, FGF, PDGF, Ras, c-Myc, c-Kit and p53 was undertaken.

Results: A comparison of the two extremes of expressions characterized some specific clinical phenotypes for every marker except c-Myc. Read More

Case Rep Oncol Med 2018 15;2018:5695803. Epub 2018 Jul 15.

Department of Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign disease affecting young males with a propensity to invade intracranially and into the orbit along preformed pathways. Complete surgical excision is the mainstay of management. Patients with multiple recurrences along with tumour extension into skull base and orbit can be considered for external beam radiation as either adjuvant or definitive treatment. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 9;120:78-81. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: Nonsteroidal androgen receptor blockers like flutamide have been described as an adjuvant treatment for preoperative shrinkage of extensive juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. We present a case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak due to flutamide-induced tumor shrinkage.

Case Report: A 15-year-old male with a prior diagnosis of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma stage IIIB on preoperative flutamide for 3. Read More

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2019 Sep - Oct;70(5):279-285. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú.

Introduction And Objectives: The juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a highly vascularised benign neoplasm of complex treatment in its surgical preparation, surgery to be performed, risks and recurrences. The aim of the study was to analyze the management and surgical treatment for the pathology of juvenile nasoangiofibroma.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the clinical histories and images of the patients who underwent surgery with a pathology result of juvenile nasoangiofibroma in the period from January 2008 to December 2016. Read More