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Epilepsy Res 2021 May 27;175:106677. Epub 2021 May 27.

Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA. Electronic address:

Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that lorcaserin, a preferential serotonin 2C receptor (5-HTR) agonist that was approved for the treatment of obesity, possesses antiepileptic properties. Here, we tested whether lorcaserin (1, 3, 5.6, 10 mg/kg) is prophylactic against audiogenic seizures (AGSs) in juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice, a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS). Read More

Dev Dyn 2021 Jun 15. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.

Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) is a key Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated during appendage regeneration among vertebrates. However, its role during tail regeneration in axolotl as redox signaling molecule is unclear.

Results: Treatment with exogenous H O rescues inhibitory effects of apocynin-induced growth suppression in tail blastema cells leading to cell proliferation. Read More

J Med Internet Res 2021 Jun 15;23(6):e26991. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Department of Management, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.

Background: Chronic diseases often present severe consequences for those affected. The management and treatment of chronic diseases largely depend on patients' lifestyle choices and how they cope with the disease in their everyday lives. Accordingly, the ability of patients to self-manage diseases is a highly relevant topic. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Hamburg Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Am Schön Klinik Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany.

Objectives: To review the effectiveness of secukinumab (SEC) in patients with juvenile idiopathic enthesitis related arthritis (ERA), who had partial or no response on anti-TNF therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric chart review of patients with ERA, who were treated with SEC, until March 15th 2019. We used the JADAS10 and the Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Index (jspADA) to evaluate response. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Paediatric Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, and Research Center for Adult and Paediatric Rheumatic Diseases, University of Milan, Italy.

Objectives: To explore the association between serum S100A8/9 (calprotectin), clinical and ultrasound (US) assessment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients.

Methods: A total of 30 well-characterised consecutive patients (18 female) with non-systemic JIA and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included. Serum and plasma samples obtained the same day of the clinical and sonographical assessment were tested for calprotectin levels by ELISA. Read More

Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021 Jun 15. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, EE-51003, Estonia.

Conspecific females and males often follow different development trajectories which leads to sex differences in age at maturity (sexual bimaturism, SBM). Whether SBM is typically selected for per se (direct selection hypothesis) or merely represents a side-effect of other sex-related adaptations (indirect selection hypothesis) is, however, still an open question. Substantial interspecific variation in the direction and degree of SBM, both in invertebrates and vertebrates, calls for multi-species studies to understand the relative importance of its evolutionary drivers. Read More

Cartilage 2021 Jun 15:19476035211021909. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Cartilage Research Unit, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Kungsbacka, Sweden.

Objective: Focal cartilage injuries, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) in the wrist are likely common and a cause of wrist pain. To estimate the incidence of cartilage lesions and to understand the pathomechanisms leading to wrist cartilage injuries and OA, a literature review on the subject was performed combined with a presentation of one of the authors' own experience.

Design: This study includes a literature review of the topic. Read More

Nat Genet 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

We report the largest and most diverse genetic study of type 1 diabetes (T1D) to date (61,427 participants), yielding 78 genome-wide-significant (P < 5 × 10) regions, including 36 that are new. We define credible sets of T1D-associated variants and show that they are enriched in immune-cell accessible chromatin, particularly CD4 effector T cells. Using chromatin-accessibility profiling of CD4 T cells from 115 individuals, we map chromatin-accessibility quantitative trait loci and identify five regions where T1D risk variants co-localize with chromatin-accessibility quantitative trait loci. Read More

Theriogenology 2021 Jun 8;173:1-11. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with nettle or fenugreek on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the juvenile rabbit ovary. To gain insight into the mechanism of action of these herbs, we examined follicle formation, ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis, steroidogenic enzyme abundance and steroid concentrations in ovarian tissue and plasma. Animals were fed with control, 1% nettle- or 1% fenugreek-supplemented pellets from 5 to 12 weeks of age (n = 10 per each group), when animals were slaughtered for ovary and blood collection. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2021 May 30;237:105880. Epub 2021 May 30.

Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.

Nowadays, pesticides and microplastics (MPs) are commonly found in coastal waters worldwide. Due to their widespread use, their persistence and toxicity, they may induce adverse effects on physiology and behaviour of marine organisms such as the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). This study explored the growth and valve activity of juvenile oysters exposed for 24 days to two frequently detected pollutants in the Pertuis Charentais (South West, France): a herbicide (chlortoluron, 85 µg. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2021 May 20;121:26-27. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Pediatric Clinical Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

Brain Behav Immun 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

University of Delaware, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. Electronic address:

Many neurodevelopmental disorders and associated learning deficits have been linked to early-life immune activation or ongoing immune dysregulation (Laskaris et al., 2016; O'Connor et al., 2014; Frick et al. Read More

J Insect Physiol 2021 Jun 11:104266. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address:

Forkhead box O (FoxO) protein, a major downstream transcription factor of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling/target of rapamycin pathway (IIS/TOR), is involved in the regulation of larval growth and the determination of organ size. FoxO also interacts with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) signal transduction pathways, and hence is critical for larval development in holometabolans. However, whether FoxO plays a critical role during larval metamorphosis needs to be further determined in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Read More

Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States, 77843-2258.

Neonicotinoid insecticides are among the latest class of insecticides that can have harmful effects on birds. Approximately 30,000 kg of neonicotinoid insecticides are applied annually to 429,100 ha of row-crop fields within the South Texas Plains Ecoregion. Various studies have shown that treated seeds can be highly toxic to northern bobwhites, with the consumption of only 20 corn seeds causing a fatality. Read More

J Phycol 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Km 106 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México, CP, 22860.

The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is increasing due to climate change. Although seaweeds are resilient to environmental changes, an increasing body of evidence shows that rising sea surface temperatures have deleterious effects on temperate kelp species. However, information on the vulnerability of juvenile kelp to these stressors and their population stability is limited. Read More

J Exp Biol 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Moulting is a crucial, yet often overlooked life-history stage in many animals, when they renew their integumental structures. This life-history stage is an energetically demanding somatic growth event that has particular importance in birds because feathers play a crucial role in flight, insulation and communication. Somatic growth processes are regulated by the evolutionarily conserved peptide hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Read More

Lancet Rheumatol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a potentially life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that occurs after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pathogenesis of MIS-C remains undefined, and whether specific inflammatory biomarker patterns can distinguish MIS-C from other hyperinflammatory syndromes, including Kawasaki disease and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory biomarkers could be used to distinguish between these conditions. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 28;8:680916. Epub 2021 May 28.

Departamento de Reumatologia, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Some studies have suggested children with juvenile onset spondyloarthritis (JoSpA) have a relatively poor outcome compared to other juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories, in regards to functional status and failure to attain remission. Thus, in the interest of earlier recognition and risk stratification, awareness of the unique characteristics of this group is critical. Herein, we review the clinical burden of disease, prognostic indicators and outcomes in JoSpA. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 11;13(5):e14949. Epub 2021 May 11.

Pediatric Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.

Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myositis (JIIM) is a multisystem inflammatory disease that impacts the muscles, skin, and blood vessels. Gray-scale power Doppler ultrasound is a technique that can be used to assist the diagnosis of JIIM and myositis in general. We report a case of an atypical symptomatic JIIM myositis flare that shows increased muscle echogenicity without the corresponding increase (complete absence) of Doppler flow. Read More

Case Rep Rheumatol 2021 24;2021:9323141. Epub 2021 May 24.

Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is characterized by arthritis, fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and serositis. Macrophage activation syndrome is the most feared complication of sJIA with a high risk of mortality. We report a 16-year-old female diagnosed with refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) complicated by recurrent macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), severe joint disease, and lung involvement requiring prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Read More

Case Rep Rheumatol 2021 2;2021:5868655. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL, USA.

We present a case of a previously healthy adolescent female who developed severe oral mucositis and acute esophagitis as her presenting symptoms of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Mucositis involving the lips is infrequently reported in systemic lupus erythematosus, and to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute, non-infectious esophagitis as a presenting symptom in a pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patient. Read More

Front Plant Sci 2021 28;12:675075. Epub 2021 May 28.

National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) have distinct physical and chemical characters, resulting from wood formation at different development phases over tree lifespan. However, the regulatory mechanisms that distinguish or modulate the characteristics of JW and MW in relation to each other have not been mapped. In this study, by employing the trees with an identical genetic background, we carried out RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) in JW and MW forming tissue and analyzed the transcriptional programs in association with the wood formation in different phrases. Read More

Front Neuroanat 2021 28;15:682383. Epub 2021 May 28.

Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.

Sprouting of surviving axons is one of the major reorganization mechanisms of the injured brain contributing to a partial restoration of function. Of note, sprouting is maturation as well as age-dependent and strong in juvenile brains, moderate in adult and weak in aged brains. We have established a model system of complex organotypic tissue cultures to study sprouting in the dentate gyrus following entorhinal denervation. Read More

Limnol Oceanogr 2020 May;65(10):2337-2351

EPA Region 1, US Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.

Ocean uptake of carbon dioxide (CO) is causing changes in carbonate chemistry that affect calcification in marine organisms. In coastal areas, this CO-enriched seawater mixes with waters affected by seasonal degradation of organic material loaded externally from watersheds or produced as a response to nutrient enrichment. As a result, coastal bivalves often experience strong seasonal changes in carbonate chemistry. Read More

Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021 Jun 13. Epub 2021 Jun 13.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Objective: To describe high-dose biologic use when treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: Patients with JIA enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry and treated with a biologic after enrollment were eligible. We described frequency of high-dose biologic use and characteristics of patients on high-dose biologics. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, USA.

Chemical pesticides are commonly used world-wide, and they can flow into estuaries and affect non-targeted organisms. We evaluated the effects of six concentrations of the phenylpyrazole, fipronil (0.0, 0. Read More

Mar Pollut Bull 2021 Jun 16;169:112574. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s/n, 83255-000, Pontal do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address:

Beaches in southern Brazil have substantial marine debris and strandings of dead juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). This study investigates associations by quantifying marine debris (1) ingested among new (<40 cm curved carapace length; CCL) and older (≥40 cm CCL) juvenile C. mydas recruits; (2) concentrations on beach transects; and then (3) selective ingestion by C. Read More

Mol Metab 2021 Jun 10:101271. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Objective: NAD is a co-factor and substrate for enzymes maintaining energy homeostasis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) controls NAD synthesis, and in skeletal muscle, NAD is important for muscle integrity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which NAD synthesis affects muscle health remain poorly understood. Read More

Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021 Jun 11;183:107479. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address:

Maternal deprivation (MD) in early life severely disrupts hippocampal development, leading to persistent cognitive and behavior deficits. The current study uncovered that early MD (P1-P21) impaired spatial learning and memory capacity detected by Morris water maze (MWM) tests from juvenile (P31) to adult (P81) rats compared to age-matched controls. And the protein expression in hippocampus were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) before MWM, respectively. Read More