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J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Dec;253(12):1548

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1040

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1073-1085

Objective: To describe client and veterinarian perceptions of client-centeredness during euthanasia discussions and assess agreement between measures of these perceptions.

Design: Descriptive study.

Sample: Stratified random sample of 32 companion animal veterinarians in southern Ontario. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1010

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1086-1093

Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes and identify factors associated with death or the need for revision surgery in dogs with permanent tracheostomies (PTs).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Animals: 69 client-owned dogs that received a PT between January 2002 and June 2016 at 1 of 4 veterinary teaching hospitals. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1042-1044

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1053-1056

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1061-1066

Mean full-time starting salary among all types of employers combined (private, public, or corporate practice and advanced education programs) was $65,896 in 2018. Excluding salaries for graduates pursuing advanced education, the mean full-time starting salary was $82,425. Mean educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for all respondents (n = 2,758) in 2018 was $152,358 (median, $159,000). Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1094-1098

Case Description: A 10-year-old castrated male Siberian Husky that had undergone complete excision of an oral plasmacytoma was evaluated because of development of a large oronasal fistula following failure of primary defect repair.

Clinical Findings: Clinical examination findings for the dog were unremarkable. The dog was receiving nutrition via an esophagostomy tube, which had been placed at the time of mass excision. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1049-1052

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1045-1047

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1067-1072

Objective: To determine the usefulness of combined assessments of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and progesterone (P4) concentrations for diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) in dogs.

Design: Prospective case series.

Animals: 602 bitches that had previously undergone ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy without hysterectomy and that were being evaluated for ORS. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1099-1104

Case Description: A 1-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a sternal defect and ventral abdominal wall hernia.

Clinical Findings: The cat appeared healthy. Palpation revealed a sternal defect, and the heart could be observed beating underneath the skin at the caudoventral aspect of the thorax. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 May;254(9):1057-1059

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):974-978

Case Description: A 1.5-year-old 1.5-kg (3. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):953-959

Objective: To characterize clinical and pathological findings of rabbits evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital because of dystocia.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 9 client-owned rabbits and 1 wild rabbit with signs of dystocia evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital from 1996 through 2016. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):931-933

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):986-990

Objective: To identify demographic and urban environmental variables associated with prevalence rates of dog bites per zip code in Detroit.

Design: Retrospective ecological study.

Sample: 6,540 people who visited any 1 of 15 hospital emergency rooms in the 29 zip codes in Detroit between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013, with a primary complaint of dog bite. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):944-952

Objective: To describe postobstructive diuresis (POD) in cats undergoing surgical placement of ureteral stents or subcutaneous ureteral bypass systems for treatment of ureteral obstruction in cats and to identify factors associated with duration and maximum severity of POD.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 37 client-owned cats with ureteral obstruction treated between August 2010 and December 2014. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):960-966

Objective: To assess response and outcome in dogs with stage 4 anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (ASAGA) treated with toceranib phosphate as the sole chemotherapeutic agent.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 15 client-owned dogs with stage 4 ASAGA treated with toceranib phosphate between March 2013 and June 2017. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):938-943

Objective: To assess histologic evaluation of mandibular lymph nodes (MLNs) and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRLNs) for metastatic disease during tumor staging for dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Design: Retrospective multi-institutional study.

Animals: 27 dogs with OMM and 21 dogs with OSCC. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):917-918

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):918

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):919-922

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):967-973

Objective: To determine the prevalence of electrographic seizure (ES) and electrographic status epilepticus (ESE) in dogs and cats that underwent electroencephalography (EEG) because of suspected seizure activity and to characterize the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and in-hospital mortality rates for dogs and cats with ES or ESE.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 89 dogs and 15 cats. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):935-937

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):979-985

Objective: To explore associations between demographic, occupational, and mental health characteristics and negative attitudes toward mental illness among veterinarians.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Sample: 9,522 veterinarians employed in the United States. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(8):925-928

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):790-791

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):792-797

Recent state and federal legislative actions and current recommendations from the World Health Organization seem to suggest that, when it comes to antimicrobial stewardship, use of antimicrobials for prevention, control, or treatment of disease can be ranked in order of appropriateness, which in turn has led, in some instances, to attempts to limit or specifically oppose the routine use of medically important antimicrobials for prevention of disease. In contrast, the AVMA Committee on Antimicrobials believes that attempts to evaluate the degree of antimicrobial stewardship on the basis of therapeutic intent are misguided and that use of antimicrobials for prevention, control, or treatment of disease may comply with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship. It is important that veterinarians and animal caretakers are clear about the reason they may be administering antimicrobials to animals in their care. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):852-858

Objective: To describe the use of non-contrast-enhanced CT to identify deep digital flexor (DDF) tendinopathy in horses with lameness attributed to pain in regions distal to the metatarsophalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 28 client-owned horses. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):798-807

There is now a large body of research in veterinary behavioral medicine that is clinically relevant and could enrich patients' and practitioners' lives. Too often, however, this research is published in journals that may not be readily available to veterinarians in private practice. Four important topics in the area of veterinary behavioral medicine for which belief has not kept pace with the published data are the unmet need for behavioral medicine in veterinary practice, the veterinary experience as a contributor to fear and distress in dogs and cats, social signaling in dogs and the ongoing "dominance" debate, and punishment as an intervention to change behavior. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):754

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 04;254(7):787-788

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):813-817

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):835-842

Objective: To evaluate signalment, clinical findings, and outcomes of dogs with congenital hydrocephalus treated medically with orally administered prednisolone or surgically by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 40 client-owned dogs. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):868-873

Case Description: A 6-year-old castrated male Bactrian camel was evaluated because of a 14hour history of oliguria and stranguria that progressed to anuria.

Clinical Findings: Perineal urethral pulsations and intermittent tail flagging with no accompanying urination were observed. Ultrasonography of the urethra revealed multiple hyperechoic foci with shadowing artifact indicative of calculi present in the penile urethra distal to the sigmoid flexure. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):843-851

Case Description: A 6-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog (dog 1) and 5-year-old neutered male Boston Terrier (dog 2) were evaluated because of lateralized multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) of the occiput.

Clinical Findings: Diagnostic imaging revealed proliferative bony occipital masses in both dogs and a nodule in the right caudal lung lobe of dog 1. For both dogs, MRI revealed intact flow through the dorsal sagittal sinus (DSS) into 1 transverse sinus. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):822-825

Objective: To identify environmental and other variables associated with a diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) in dogs.

Design: Case-control study.

Animals: 31 dogs that received a histologic diagnosis of GME (case dogs) from January 2003 to January 2014 and 91 age- and breed-matched dogs. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):859-867

Objective: To evaluate potential prognostic indicators for does with pregnancy toxemia (PT) and their offspring.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Animals: 56 does. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):826-834

Objective: To describe the diagnostic utility and clinical safety of ultrasonographically guided percutaneous pyelocentesis and antegrade pyelography in cats and dogs.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 39 cats and 10 dogs with 55 affected kidneys. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):809-811

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Apr;254(7):819-821

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):676-679

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):699-709

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lipidemia status and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides of dogs when initially examined for hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a veterinary teaching hospital and to determine whether these variables were predictive of survival to hospital discharge. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 549 client-owned sick (n = 398) and healthy (151) dogs. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):710-715

OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of ultrasonography to detect the cause and location of ureteral obstruction in cats and to identify factors associated with agreement between ultrasonographic and surgical findings. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 71 cats. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):723-727

CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-month-old sexually intact male domestic shorthair cat was referred for evaluation of a heart murmur and ventricular septal defect (VSD). CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination revealed a grade 5/6 right apical systolic heart murmur. Findings on thoracic radiography were consistent with moderate right and left ventricular enlargement, left atrial enlargement, and enlargement of the pulmonary arteries and veins; an interstitial pulmonary pattern was also evident. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):716-722

OBJECTIVE To describe the signalment, clinical signs, biological behavior, and outcome for cats with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) that underwent surgical excision. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 30 client-owned cats. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):728-733

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019 Mar;254(6):681-683