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J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018 Nov;100(22):1912-1918

The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Background: Nonoperative management of complete acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation has yielded reasonable results, although patients may report dissatisfaction with the outcome. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial was to compare patient outcome following nonoperative care versus operative treatment with open reduction and tunneled suspension device (ORTSD) fixation for acute, type-III or IV disruptions of the AC joint.

Methods: Sixty patients aged 16 to 35 years with an acute type-III or IV disruption of the AC joint were randomized to receive ORTSD fixation or nonoperative treatment, following a power analysis to determine sample size. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Oct 27;36(10):1926.e3-1926.e5. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. Electronic address:

Luxatio erecta humeri is the rarest type of glenohumeral dislocation, which has been reported to be associated with humeral fracture, rotator cuff tear and neurovascular injury. To our knowledge, a single-sided acute inferior glenohumeral dislocation associated with humeral greater tuberosity fracture and axillary nerve injury has not yet been reported. Here, we reported a traumatic first-time inferior shoulder dislocation from a construction worker who got hyperflexion of the left shoulder when fell and grasped the railing causing. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2019 Mar 27;48(3):467-473. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.

Luxatio erecta humeri (LEH), also known as inferior shoulder dislocation, is uncommon, comprising about 0.5% of all cases of shoulder dislocation. Synchronous bilateral LEH is exceedingly rare and, to our knowledge, there are no descriptions of axillary nerve injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following LEH. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 20;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

In the field of traumatic shoulder dislocations, this report of a 61-year-old female patient discusses the case of an acute locked superior shoulder dislocation in conjunction with a chronic rotator cuff arthropathy resulting from a low-energy fall on the outstretched and abducted arm. Radiological assessment revealed a complex combination of associated bony injuries including a fracture of the upper part of the glenoid and an impaction fracture of the inferior articular surface of the humeral head. Closed reduction and immobilisation were not successful in obtaining joint stability. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018 Aug;476(8):1622-1629

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Background: Instability is the most common complication after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). In the native glenohumeral joint, in addition to full dislocations, more subtle forms of instability exist. However, the incidence of more subtle forms of instability, the factors associated with instability, and the effect of instability on validated outcome scores after rTSA remain poorly understood. Read More

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2018 Feb 3;44(1):45-51. Epub 2017 Oct 3.

Department of Orthopaedics, La Trobe Regional Hospital, Traralgon, VIC, 3844, Australia.

Introduction: Traumatic inferior shoulder dislocation (ISD) is rare, estimated to occur in 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. We describe the demographics, natural history and outcome of this injury. Read More

Musculoskelet Surg 2018 Apr 31;102(1):73-79. Epub 2017 Aug 31.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris Diderot University, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.

Purpose: To compare clinical and radiological outcomes between two endoscopically assisted double-button techniques in high-grade acute acromioclavicular separations.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted in patients with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation Rockwood types III and V, from 2009 to 2014. All were treated endoscopically, with a 1-year minimum follow-up. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2017 17;31:124-127. Epub 2017 Jan 17.

The Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, National Hospital (Riyadh Care), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; The Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Bilateral inferior shoulder dislocation is rare; but the dislocation is almost always reducible by closed means. We present a unique case of irreducible bilateral inferior shoulder dislocation.

Presentation Of Case: A 35-year old male fell down from height. Read More

Case Rep Orthop 2016 19;2016:6910945. Epub 2016 Dec 19.

Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, known as luxatio erecta humeri, and posterior hip dislocation are both rare presentations in the emergency department. The most common aetiology is falling for luxatio erecta humeri. The aim of this manuscript was to present a unique case in terms of luxatio erecta humeri, which has a different aetiology, treatment method, and concomitant injury. Read More

Duodecim 2016 ;132(13-14):1287-92

Luxatio erecta, inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, is a rare type of injury (1% of shoulder dislocations). In most cases the injury is caused by falling while the upper extremity is hyperabducted. We introduce two cases of consecutive patients with the same rare type of injury--walking the dog. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2016 Jul;94(2):119-27

Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Acute shoulder injuries in adults are often initially managed by family physicians. Common acute shoulder injuries include acromioclavicular joint injuries, clavicle fractures, glenohumeral dislocations, proximal humerus fractures, and rotator cuff tears. Acromioclavicular joint injuries and clavicle fractures mostly occur in young adults as the result of a sports injury or direct trauma. Read More

Chin J Traumatol 2015 ;18(3):181-3

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.

Inferior glenohumeral dislocation is the least common type of glenohumeral dislocations. It may be associated with fractures of the adjacent bones and neurovascular compromise. It should be treated immediately by close reduction. Read More

Skeletal Radiol 2015 Sep 9;44(9):1387-91. Epub 2015 Jun 9.

Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA,

The overwhelming majority of glenohumeral dislocations are anterior dislocations that either spontaneously reduce or are reduced at the point of care without significant complications. Posterior dislocations are uncommon, and superior and inferior dislocations are even rarer. We present a case of "superolateral" shoulder dislocation in which the entire rotator cuff was torn either off its insertion or at the musculotendinous junction in combination with a large longitudinal split tear of the deltoid muscle. Read More

Orthop Nurs 2015 Jan-Feb;34(1):51-3

Andrea Emilio Salvi, MD, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Mellino Mellini Hospital Trust, Civil Hospital of Chiari (Brescia), Italy. Simone Roda, PNA, A.O.D. Hospital Trust, Civil Hospital of Desenzano del Garda (Brescia), Italy. Massimo Pezzoni, MD, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Mellino Mellini Hospital Trust, Civil Hospital of Chiari (Brescia), Italy.

Traumatic inferior dislocation of the shoulder (also termed "luxatio erecta") is a very rare injury. The correct diagnosis may be overlooked and results after reduction can often result in significant morbidity of the affected joint. It is described in a clinical case in which a male adult reported a luxatio erecta that was correctly diagnosed and reduced with uneventful recovery. Read More

Unfallchirurg 2014 Dec;117(12):1125-38; quiz 1138-40

Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Suite 1000, 81657, Vail, CO, USA.

Fractures of the anteroinferior glenoid rim, termed bony Bankart lesions, have been reported to occur in up to 22% of first time anterior shoulder dislocations. The primary goal of treatment is to create a stable glenohumeral joint and a good shoulder function. Options for therapeutic intervention are largely dependent on the chronicity of the lesion, the activity level of the patient and postreduction fracture characteristics, such as the size, location and number of fracture fragments. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Jun 23;24(6):1961-7. Epub 2014 Aug 23.

Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction with ligament augmentation and reconstruction system (LARS) ligament in professional and non-professional athletes at 2-year minimum follow-up.

Methods: Forty-three patients (men; mean age 30, range 19-54 years) with Rockwood type III to V chronic AC joint dislocations underwent AC joint reconstruction with LARS ligament and standardized rehabilitation. Patients were divided into two groups: professionals (22) and non-professionals (21). Read More

Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2014 Mar-Apr;16(2):111-8

Univ department of orthopaedics and traumatology, Medical school, Comenius university, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

Background: The aim of all shoulder joint stabilization surgery is to prevent further dislocation and restore anatomical continuity of the capsule-labral complex to the anterior and inferior edge of the glenoid. In this study, the authors analyzed the results of arthroscopic stabilization techniques using the method of suture anchors in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability.

Material And Methods: During the reporting period they performed surgery on 91 patients with anterior shoulder instability using the method of MITEK GII suture anchors and BIO ANCHOR . Read More

Am J Sports Med 2014 Jan 22;42(1):86-94. Epub 2013 Nov 22.

Seung-Hyun Cho, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, 1198 Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Korea.

Background: There has been no study about treatment guidelines for arthroscopic repair according to the size of bony Bankart lesions of less than 25% of the glenoid width.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of arthroscopic repair for bony Bankart lesions managed with different repair techniques based on their size.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Read More

J Emerg Med 2014 Feb 12;46(2):176-9. Epub 2013 Nov 12.

NorthShore Center for Simulation and Innovation, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois.

Background: Luxatio erecta humeri or inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is a rare presentation in the emergency department that is typically caused by a direct loading force on a fully abducted arm. This type of shoulder dislocation represents only 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations, making bilateral cases even more unique. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013 Nov 20;22(11):1507-13. Epub 2013 Jun 20.

Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address:

Background: Recurrence after first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is frequent. The prevalence of glenoid bone loss ranges from 41% after a first-time dislocation to 86% with recurrent dislocation. Postoperative recurrence can occur in up to 10% of cases. Read More

Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2011 Nov;40(11):566-70

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, USA.

We reviewed 11 cases of luxatio erecta (inferior shoulder dislocation) managed acutely at our institutions to gain insight into the diagnostic and management principles of this condition. We then compared our findings with those in the current literature. Luxatio erecta requires careful clinical and radiographic evaluation and a high index of suspicion for associated injuries, as they occur frequently and can be significant given their tendency to be associated with higher energy trauma. Read More

Rev Bras Ortop 2012 Jan-Feb;47(1):130-2. Epub 2015 Nov 16.

Specialist resident physician in orthopedics and traumatology at the Hospital Universitàrio de Santa Maria - RS, Brasil.

Inferior shoulder dislocation (luxactio erecta) is a rare lesion affecting approximately 0.5% of dislocations of this joint. The vast majority of these cases occur unilaterally. Read More

J Orthop Trauma 2012 Jan;26(1):e1-3

Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation can be associated with anteroinferior glenoid bone loss causing potential recurrent instability. We report on a 62-year-old man with a first-time traumatic anterior dislocation of the right shoulder, resulting in both an infraglenoid tubercle triceps avulsion fracture and a greater tuberosity fracture. After reduction, nonsurgical management was chosen. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2011 Jul 24;39(7):1507-16. Epub 2011 Mar 24.

Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results after arthroscopically assisted and image intensifier--controlled stabilization of high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations using the double TightRope technique with the first-generation implant.

Hypothesis: The double TightRope technique using the first-generation implant leads to good clinical and radiological results by re-creating the anatomy of the AC joint.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Read More

J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010 Nov;92(15):2589-97

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Two Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Background: Patients with upper motor neuron injury can develop painful inferior glenohumeral subluxation with functional impairment. If the pain is relieved by manual reduction of the subluxation, this pain is considered mechanical in nature and potentially amenable to surgical treatment to maintain this reduction. The purpose of this study was to report our outcomes with use of the biceps suspension procedure to achieve shoulder joint reduction and pain relief in hemiplegic patients. Read More

J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010 Jun;92(6):1545-57

Shoulder Injury Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK.

Generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity and glenohumeral joint instability are common conditions that exhibit a spectrum of diverse clinical forms and may coexist in the same patient. No single diagnostic test can confirm the presence of these disorders, and a careful clinical assessment is important. Unlike patients with traumatic shoulder instability, patients with hyperlaxity and instability are more likely to experience episodes of recurrent subluxation than they are to have recurrent dislocation. Read More

J Orthop Surg Res 2009 Nov 3;4:40. Epub 2009 Nov 3.

Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.

Dislocation of the shoulder is the commonest of all large joint dislocations. Inferior dislocation constitutes 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. Read More

J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010 Apr;19(3):423-6

Blue Ridge Bone and Joint Clinic, Asheville, NC 28801, USA.

Hypothesis: Traumatic inferior shoulder dislocation (luxatio erecta) injuries are rare, comprising less than 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. Few cases have been reported, and the outcome of treatment has been ill defined. Read More

J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009 Sep;91(9):2144-50

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-2780, USA.

Background: It has been recognized that there is a distinction between shoulder laxity and shoulder instability and that there is a wide range of normal shoulder laxities. Our goals were (1) to evaluate if the ability to subluxate the shoulder over the glenoid rim in patients under anesthesia would be more prevalent than the inability to do so, (2) to determine if patients with a diagnosis of instability would have significantly more shoulder laxity in the operatively treated shoulder than in the contralateral shoulder, and (3) to evaluate the observation that higher grades of shoulder laxity would be related to a diagnosis of shoulder instability. We hypothesized that, on examination with the patient under anesthesia, most shoulders could be subluxated over the glenoid rim and that the degree of shoulder laxity would be related to diagnosis. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009 Feb 31;17(2):188-94. Epub 2008 Oct 31.

Shoulder Department, IRCCS Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy.

The effects of posterior plications associated with anterior shoulder instability surgery are still unclear both on shoulder range of motion (ROM) and on recurrence rate. The objective of this randomized study is to evaluate the influence of posterior-inferior plications, performed in association with repair of anterior Bankart lesion, on gleno-humeral (GH) range of motion. In a 24-month period, 40 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Read More

J Emerg Med 2010 Nov 23;39(5):599-601. Epub 2008 Sep 23.

Orthopedic Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57117, USA.

Background: Dislocation injuries of the glenohumeral joint are common in the general public and generally are corrected without complication. One serious complication with shoulder dislocations, or the subsequent reduction, is a lesion to the axillary artery. This specific complication is most frequently seen in the elderly population, where vascular structures have become less flexible. Read More

Oper Orthop Traumatol 2007 Jun;19(2):170-84

Schulterchirurgie, Arcus Sportklinik, Pforzheim.

Objective: Restoration of functional stability and full range of shoulder mobility.

Indications: Atraumatic, recurrent posterior dislocation or subluxation in cases of excessive posterior joint capsular volume without clinically relevant destruction of the glenoid or dysplasia. Additional procedure for traumatic posterior instability after reattachment of the labrum or screw fixation of the posterior glenoid fragment. Read More

Oper Orthop Traumatol 2007 Jun;19(2):133-54

Abteilung und Poliklinik für Sportorthopädie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.

Objective: Arthroscopic (re)stabilization of the unstable shoulder by anatomic refixation of the detached capsulolabral complex with suture anchors or reduction of excessive capsule volume by capsule plication.

Indications: Any type of shoulder instability (anterior, posterior, inferior, or multidirectional instability). Revision stabilization (even after primary open stabilization). Read More

Arthroscopy 2006 Jun;22(6):676.e1-2

Division of Arthroscopy and Adult Reconstruction, Department of Orthopaedics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.

We describe a simple method of arthroscopic-assisted reduction of a posterior fracture dislocation of the proximal humerus, the principle of which could be used as a method of reduction for all fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus for which percutaneous reduction is beneficial. With the patient in the beach-chair position and using a posterior portal 2 cm medial and 2 cm inferior to the posterolateral corner of the acromion on the medial edge of the displaced head, a 4.5-mm blunt trocar is introduced, directed medial to the head fragment toward the posterior lateral scapular neck, translating the distal tip laterally to enter the shoulder joint. Read More

Arthroscopy 2005 Aug;21(8):1017

Department of Shoulder, Hand and Elbow Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France.

This article presents an all-arthroscopic technique for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction by ligamentoplasty after acute or chronic acromioclavicular joint dislocation. A coracoacromial ligament transfer is done to reconstruct the torn coracoclavicular ligaments, similar to open surgery. The coracoacromial ligament is dissected from the undersurface of the acromion and is reinserted on the inferior clavicle by transosseous suture fixation. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004 Dec(429):256-61

W.B. Carrell Memorial Clinic, Dallas, TX, USA.

Treating patients with multidirectional instability who have had multiple failed stabilization procedures is a challenging problem. These patients have disability from instability and pain. Final treatment may be glenohumeral narthrodesis. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004 Feb(419):218-22

Orthopaedic Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-South University, Paris, France.

A study was designed to find landmarks to avoid restriction of range of motion or insufficient shortening of the ligaments after thermal shoulder capsule shrinkage. In 15 nonembalmed shoulders from cadavers, shrinkage was done in three steps: (1). the middle glenohumeral ligament, (2). Read More

Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2003 Dec;32(12):601-3

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

Luxatio erecta (inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint) is an unusual type of shoulder dislocation. The authors present 5 new cases of luxatio erecta. All cases were hyperabduction injuries. Read More

Arthroscopy 2003 Dec;19(10):1129-32

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.

Dislocation that lasts longer than 3 weeks is called chronic or unreduced shoulder dislocation. Treatment alternatives can be closed reduction, open reduction, resection arthroplasty, prosthesis, arthrodesis, and no therapy. The English-language literature includes no evidence on arthroscopic reduction for the treatment of unreduced shoulder dislocation. Read More

Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2003 ;70(3):164-9

Ortopedické oddĕlení Okresní nemocnice v Novém Mĕstĕ na Moravĕ.

Purpose Of The Study: Arthroscopic treatment of anterior post-traumatic instability of the glenohumeral joint is a recent surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the method and define criteria on which indications for this treatment are based.

Material: Fifty-six active, young patients less than 30 years of age were distributed into three groups according to the method of treatment. Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2003 Jul 15;123(6):308-10. Epub 2003 May 15.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Medical School, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

Background: Inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint or luxatio erecta humeri is a rare form of injury, accounting for only 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. Bilateral cases are even less frequent, with only eight cases reported in the literature. Read More

Arthroscopy 2002 Mar;18(3):287-91

Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery of The N. S.Aránzazu Hospital, University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Guipuzkoa, Spain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define arthroscopic measurement of inferior humeral displacement, which allows an objectively estimated reduction of capsular volume using arthroscopic techniques.

Type Of Study: Prospective controlled study.

Methods: Based on a 3-grade classification, inferior displacement caused by axial traction was measured arthroscopically at 15 degree of forward flexion and 70 degree of abduction and neutral rotation over the humeral head in 143 patients (146 shoulders) who underwent surgery consecutively; 99 shoulders because of recurrent dislocations and 47 because of pain in the shoulder. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001 Sep;9(5):307-12

National Institute for Sports Medicine, Department of Sports Surgery, 1123 Budapest, Alkotás st. 48, Hungary.

We present our technique for surgically treating Tossy III acromioclavicular joint dislocation, discuss the indications for various procedures, and evaluate our postoperative results. We operated on 17 patients suffering from chronic acromioclavicular instability after such dislocation using a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, in which there is no lateral clavicular end resection, the coracoacromial ligament graft is sutured to the inferior part of the clavicle by transosseal sutures, and a Bosworth coracoclavicular screw is used to protect the graft postoperatively for 8 weeks. After a mean of 37 months we evaluated shoulder function by the Constant score and the subjective and radiological results. Read More

Unfallchirurg 2001 Mar;104(3):266-9

Orthopädische Klinik, König-Ludwig Haus, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.

We report a rare case of recurrent atraumatic posterior-inferior dislocation of the shoulder in an eight year old girl. After closed reduction of the locked dislocation and conservative treatment three further dislocations occurred. Because of the recurrence of locked dislocations and functional impairment arthroscopy including partial synovectomy was performed. Read More

Acta Radiol 2000 Nov;41(6):658-61

Department of Pediatrics, Martigny Regional Hospital, Switzerland.

Purpose: To establish radiographic criteria to choose the most appropriate technique of reduction for each type of anterior glenohumeral dislocation, and to determine the type of dislocation which requires general anesthesia.

Material And Methods: Radiography in two different projections was performed in 67 patients with antero-inferior shoulder dislocations before a reduction attempt. The method proposed by BOss-HOLZACH-MATTER was used as the primary technique for all shoulder dislocations. Read More

J Orthop Sci 2000 ;5(4):404-6

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.

Failure of manipulative reduction of acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder is extremely rare. A 55-year-old man dislocated his right shoulder when he fell heavily. Initial radiographs and computed tomographs demonstrated an anterior dislocation with fracture of the glenoid rim. Read More

J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999 Mar;81(3):385-90

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.

Background: After reduction of a shoulder dislocation, the torn edges of a Bankart lesion need to be approximated for healing during immobilization. The position of immobilization has traditionally been adduction and internal rotation, but there is little direct evidence to support or discredit the use of this position. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the position of the arm and the coaptation of the edges of a simulated Bankart lesion created in cadaveric shoulders. Read More

Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998 Sep;21(3):358-61

Department of Trauma, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Compartment syndromes occurring in the forearm and leg are not infrequent. However, reports of compartment syndrome of the upper arm are conspicuously rare. Inferior dislocation of the shoulder combined with compartment syndrome has rarely been reported in the literature. Read More

Orthopade 1998 Aug;27(8):542-55

Orthopädische Abteilung, Städtisches Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen.

The posterior instability of the shoulder is a more difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge than the anterior instability. There are many etiologies and causes of posterior instability. Most studies in the literature are retrospective and yield a great variation in therapeutic recommendations. Read More

Clin J Sport Med 1998 Apr;8(2):138-41

Orthopaedic Department, University of Basel, Switzerland.

Purpose: We report the case of an inferior glenohumeral dislocation of the shoulder in which arthroscopic assessment showed an extensive detachment of the labral-biceps tendon complex (Bankart and superior labrum anterior posterior [SLAP] lesions). We sought to review the literature to compare our findings with the reported lesions in this type of shoulder dislocation.

Case Summary: A young patient presented with an inferior dislocation of his right shoulder (erect dislocation) after having sustained a motorcycle accident. Read More