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Int J Prosthodont 2021 Mar-Apr;34(2):173-182

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of low-dose laser therapy to that of conservative treatment using two different occlusal splints (stabilization and anterior repositioning splints) in patients with internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of patients with disc displacement with reduction diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I and Axis II. In addition, disc displacement with reduction was confirmed in all patients using TMJ ultrasonography. Read More

Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021 Apr;39(2):203-208

Key Laboratory for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.

Objectives: To investigate the differences in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) between patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and asymptomatic subjects by using 3D morphometric measurements.

Methods: A total of 15 patients with ADDwR and 10 asymptomatic subjects were enrolled. Then, 3D models of the maxilla and mandible were reconstructed using MIMICS 20. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 Mar 28;11(4). Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a multifactorial condition that impairs human's health and quality of life. Its etiology is still a challenge due to its complex development and the great number of different conditions it comprises. One of the most common forms of TMD is anterior disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR) and other TMDs with distinct origins are condylar hyperplasia (CH) and mandibular dislocation (MD). Read More

Head Face Med 2021 Mar 27;17(1):11. Epub 2021 Mar 27.

State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 145# Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 'closed lock' is a clinical condition causing TMJ pain and limited mouth opening (painful locking). Recent studies suggest an increasing prevalence of degenerative joint disease associated with the onset of TMJ closed lock in adolescents and young adults. Early interventions are recommended, but the curative effect of standard therapies remains controversial. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021 Apr 8;131(4):405-414. Epub 2020 Dec 8.

Resident, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Huang Pu District, Shanghai, China.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk repositioning by suturing through open incision and orthodontic functional appliance (OFA) treatment for adolescents with mandibular asymmetry.

Study Design: Adolescent patients (12-20 years old) with mandibular asymmetry combined with unilateral TMJ disk displacement without reduction were treated with disk repositioning by suturing through open incision with and without postoperative OFA. Magnetic resonance imaging and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs (PA) were used to measure and compare the changes in condylar height, joint space, and menton deviation pre- and postoperatively. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2021 Feb;147(2):443-452

From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine; and Rush Medical College of Rush University.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine injury patterns in pediatric mandibular condylar fractures and to propose and evaluate the validity of an institutional treatment algorithm for such fractures.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients who presented to the authors' institution with isolated mandibular condylar fractures between 1990 and 2016. Patients were categorized by dentition, and information regarding demographics, injury characteristics, management, and complications was compiled. Read More

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021 Feb;56(2):158-163

Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.

To compare changes of condylar height, disc length and displaced distance in adolescent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement with or without arthroscopic discopexy. From September 2015 to November 2018, adolescents with magnetic resonance image (MRI) comfirmed disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR) were recruited in operation group (OG) and control group (CG) and were classified into five subgroups according to age (11-14 years, 15-16 years, 17-18 years, 19-20 years and 21-24 years). Changes of condylar height, disc length and displaced distance were measured before and after follow-up MRI. Read More

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021 Mar 5;49(3):177-183. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Department of Stomatology,Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy,Shenzhen University, 1098# XueYuan Road, NanShan District, Shenzhen City, 518055, GuangDong Province, China. Electronic address:

Background: Anterior Disc Displacement without Reduction (ADDwoR) in adolescence can result in condylar resorption which produces mandibular retrusion/deviation (MR/D) in adulthood. This study aims to analyze the therapeutic effect of simultaneous genioplasty and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anchorage surgery on ADDwoR with MR/D patients.

Methods: During 2016-2018, ADDwoR with MR/D cases were included and underwent TMJ anchorage surgery and genioplasty guided by digital design. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 12 4;17(23). Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Gnathologic Division, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.

The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the RA.DI.CA. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021 Mar 9;131(3):276-285. Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Adjunct Professor, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of 2 surgical treatment options: one for correction of class II malocclusion skeletal deformity and one for pre-existing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders requiring orthognathic surgery (OS) for correction of dentofacial deformity.

Study Design: This retrospective study evaluated patients who underwent OS with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) with or without concomitant TMJ surgery for articular disk repositioning (ADR). Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (MMA) was treated with OS only (18 patients); and group II (MMA-ADR) was treated with OS and concomitant ADR (19 patients). Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Nov 17. Epub 2020 Nov 17.

The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.

Objective: This study aims to reveal the reconstruction process in pediatric patients with extracapsular condylar fractures after conservative treatment. We clarify that the "upright" position (or "recontouring" or favorable prognosis) of condyles is not a result of the anatomical reduction of the deviated condylar processes but originates from the remodeling of the skeleton. We also explore the related mechanism. Read More

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020 Oct 14;48(10):933-941. Epub 2020 Aug 14.

Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery (Head: Assoc. Prof. Andrej A. Kansky, DMD, PhD), University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address:

Aim: The results of conservative treatment of pediatric dislocated (luxative) condyle fractures are usually unsatisfactory. We therefore decided to present and analyze the results of surgical treatment of these fractures.

Patients And Methods: Children with dislocated condyle fractures were treated surgically, with the approach always including opening the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Read More

Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2020 Sep 20;45(3):152-155. Epub 2020 Sep 20.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation can be categorized into three groups: acute, habitual or recurrent, and long-standing. Long-standing TMJ dislocation refers to a condition that persists for more than one month without reduction. Long-standing dislocation of the TMJ is rare and the most challenging and difficult to treat of the three. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 11 9;58(9):1084-1090. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Patho-biological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7 kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.

In this study we investigated the relation between anterior disc displacement (ADD) and maxillomandibular morphology in skeletal anterior open bite with changes to the mandibular condyle. Thirty female patients (60 joints) with both conditions were evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was used to diagnose both ADD and changes to the mandibular condyle (erosion, osteophyte, and deformity). Read More

J Oral Rehabil 2020 Jun 24;47(6):743-749. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

Temporomandibular joint disc displacement is common in the world's population and could be associated with bone and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. The aim of these study was to analyse the association between temporomandibular joint disc position evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the inclination of the mandibular condyle evaluated by computed tomography (CT). One hundred and seventy temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were retrospectively analysed. Read More

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020 Mar 6;48(3):323-330. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether surgical treatment can distinctly improve temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and morphology in adult patients with condylar head fractures (CHFs) when compared with conservative treatment.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate surgical and conservative outcomes in all patients who had suffered CHFs. In this study, all patients were divided into a surgical group and a conservative group. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 May 7;78(5):806-812. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Lecturer, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.

Purpose: Esthetic dental and skeletal component correction can affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Arthrogenic TMJ dysfunction can be present in the joint at the outset or it can develop during the treatment or later. The aim of the present study was to examine the changes found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the TMJ in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion who had undergone combined orthodontic and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) advancement. Read More

Acta Odontol Scand 2020 May 26;78(4):309-320. Epub 2019 Dec 26.

Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may serve as non-invasive intervention for painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) to improve jaw motor function, but its efficacy is still debated. This parallel study evaluated the effect of TENS on pain and movement patterns after repeated jaw movements in patients with painful temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR), and compared with healthy controls. 20 patients with TMJ pain and DDwoR and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to TENS/sham TENS (sTENS) intervention groups in a block design (10 in each group). Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Jul 26;49(7):932-939. Epub 2019 Sep 26.

Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

This study investigated the association between hypoplastic condyles and disc displacements without reduction (DDw/oR). Consecutive patients with non-syndromic unilateral condylar hypoplasia were recruited and clinical, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired. Linear measurements including condylar head width, depth, height and condyle length were determined with CBCT while MRI was used to assess disc position, morphology and displacement. Read More

J Oral Rehabil 2020 Mar 20;47(3):307-312. Epub 2019 Oct 20.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

The efficacy of a combination treatment of arthrocentesis and stabilisation splint for patients with bilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) and erosive change of the TMJ remains controversial. To evaluate clinical outcomes of patients with ADDWoR and erosive change of the TMJ after performance of unilateral arthrocentesis and stabilisation splint therapy. A retrospective study of 44 patients (37 females, 7 males, mean age of 34 years) with bilateral ADDWoR and erosive change of the TMJ were included in this study. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 May 17;49(5):621-627. Epub 2019 Sep 17.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey.

This study was performed to determine whether arthrocentesis therapy has different outcomes in three groups of patients with different temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). A clinical trial was conducted including 45 patients with 45 unilaterally affected joints divided into three groups (n=15): osteoarthritis (OA), disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), and disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR). All patients underwent the same arthrocentesis treatment protocol. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 Dec 26;23(4):499-500. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.

Introduction: The management of condylar fractures remains controversial. Open treatment of condylar fractures is a routine treatment in cases of displaced or dislocated condylar and subcondylar fractures.

Technical Note: Because of the pull of the lateral pterygoid muscle, the condylar fragment is usually located anterior and medial to the mandible. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Nov-Dec;30(8):2549-2550

The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of inhaled nitrous oxide (N2O) for manual reduction of acute nontraumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation in the supine position technique.

Methods: This clinical trial included a total of 51 patients presenting with acute nontraumatic TMJ dislocation. The patients were grouped randomly. Read More

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Aug;54(8):527-531

Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China (is now working on the Department of Stomatology, Beijng Hospital, Beijing 100730, China).

To analyze the MRI characteristics and pathological features of the condylar cyst like lesions in temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The study was conducted retrospectively on TMJ images from 14 patients (2 males, 12 females, aged 10-71) who underwent MRI examinations, from January 2015 to December 2017 at Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology including 2 patients with pathological results. The signals of the lesion, condylar bone and disc-condyle relationship were evaluated. Read More

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Aug;54(8):522-526

Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Sanya 572013, China.

To evaluate the mandibular condylar location and morphology in the temporomandibular joint disorders. One hundred thirty-seven TMD patients (age 37.5±16. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Mar 26;49(3):361-368. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Centre for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

This study investigated the efficacy of a sequential combination of arthrocentesis, mandibular manipulation, and anterior repositioning splint (ARS) in the management of acute temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR). Twenty-one consecutive patients diagnosed with acute DDwoR by Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recruited and managed with this method. Clinical and MRI data were obtained before and at 1 week after treatment. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Oct 9;130:259-263. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Background: Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is a rare injury that can be seen after facial trauma. Early identification of condyle dislocation into the middle cranial fossa was difficult until the development of computed tomography, and diagnosis was often significantly delayed after the initial trauma.

Case Description: We present a rare case of a young woman who presents after a mechanical fall resulting in facial trauma with an avulsion condyle fracture with dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Feb 6;49(2):230-236. Epub 2019 Jul 6.

Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. This study included 245 joints of 152 patients with temporomandibular disorders with anterior disc displacement; of these, 129 joints had joint pain whereas 116 joints had no joint pain. MRI was used to evaluate the reduction of anterior disc displacement, joint effusion, mandible condylar morphology, bone marrow oedema of the mandibular condyle, and signal intensity of the posterior disc attachment (PDA) on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. Read More

J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2019 24;33(4):440–450. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

Aims: To investigate the dental and skeletal aspects of malocclusion in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions in a sample of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients and to correlate these aspects with the signs and symptoms of TMD.

Methods: A total of 150 TMD patients were divided into five groups according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD: Group 1 = myalgia (M); Group 2 = disc displacement with reduction (DDWR); Group 3 = disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR); Group 4 = degenerative disorders (D); and Group 5 = subluxation (S). Molar and canine relations, overjet, overbite, occlusal guidance, occlusal interferences, and centric slides were recorded for each patient, and the skeletal craniofacial patterns were analyzed for each patient using cone beam computed tomography. Read More

Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Jun;37(3):295-298

Dept. of Stomatology, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, China.

Objective: To observe the clinical outcomes of a combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach in the treatment of anterior temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation.

Methods: Postural muscular chains were utilized in the biomechanical analysis of stomatognathic systems for improving TMJ repositioning approaches. A total of 87 patients with anterior TMJ dislocation were included in the present study. Read More