Am J Dermatopathol 2017 Jun 20. Epub 2017 Jun 20.

*Research Unit Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; †Anatomic Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; ‡Anatomic Pathology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, Macerata, Italy; §Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, Genoa, Italy; ¶Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy; ‖Department of Dermatology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy; **School of Pathology, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; and ††Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.

The occurrence of pseudolymphomatous infiltrates in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (cLE) is described mainly in lupus panniculitis and lupus tumidus/lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner-Kanof). We collected 15 cases of pseudolymphomatous cLE other than lupus panniculitis and lupus tumidus (M:F = 4:11; age range: 23-79 years; mean age: 50.9 years; median age: 57 years). Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2017 May 10;28(3):276-278. Epub 2016 Aug 10.

a Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UA) , Antwerp , Belgium.

Introduction: Jessner-Kanof disease (JKD), a lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, can be difficult to treat. Mepacrine (quinacrine), an anti-malarial less available in Belgium, may be beneficial.

Patients And Methods: Two female patients with biopsy-proven and therapy-resistant JKD, not responding to topical and systemic corticosteroids, (hydroxy-)chloroquine and/or dapsone, were treated with mepacrine 100 mg daily. Read More

Wien Med Wochenschr 2016 May 13;166(7-8):250-3. Epub 2016 Jan 13.

Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Koziak street 1, 1407, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Lupus tumidus is a rare immunological disorder whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although on the one hand there are some differences in (1) the clinical morphology of lesions, (2) the histopathology picture, as well as in (3) serological profile of lupus tumidus patients at the current moment, the disease is regarded as a subform of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Differential diagnosis requires the exclusion of many diseases such as Jessner Kanoff lymphocytic infiltration, polymorphous light eruption, and reticular erythematous mucinosis. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2014 Sep;94(5):605-6

Department Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, IT-44123 Ferrara, Italy.

Med Clin (Barc) 2014 Apr 3;142(8):360-4. Epub 2013 Jul 3.

Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.

Thalidomide is a synthetic glutamic acid derivative first introduced in 1956 in Germany as an over the counter medications. It was thought to be one of the safest sedatives ever produced as it was effective in small doses, was not addictive, and did not have acute side-effects such as motor impairment, but was quickly removed from market after it was linked to cases of severe birth defects. The Food and Drug Administration approved use in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2013 Oct 24;69(4):609-615.e8. Epub 2013 May 24.

Department of Dermatology, Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: The position of the pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases is still unclear. Evidence-based recommendations are lacking.

Objectives: We sought to systematically review all available literature concerning PDL treatment for inflammatory skin diseases and to propose a recommendation. Read More

Hautarzt 2012 Dec;63(12):965-8

Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Klinikum Bremerhaven Reinkenheide, Postbrookstr. 103, 27574, Bremerhaven, Deutschland.

A 39-year-old man presented with an annular clearly palpable erythema on the décolleté. Based on clinical and histopathological findings, palpable migratory arciform erythema was diagnosed. This skin condition is classified as a rare type of T-cell pseudolymphoma. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2012 Apr 2;37(3):235-7. Epub 2012 Feb 2.

Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS) is a relatively uncommon skin condition, first described by Jessner and Kanof in 1953. LIS presents mainly on the face, in particular on the cheeks and earlobe, but also on the neck, upper trunk or proximal limbs of middle-aged adults. LIS is often resistant to treatment. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2011 May 16;139(5):633-7. Epub 2011 Sep 16.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Trakian University of Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.

Benign chronic familial pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease) is a rare autosomal dominant blistering skin disorder characterized by suprabasal cell separation (acantholysis) of the epidermis. The Hailey brothers first described it in 1939. Hailey-Hailey disease usually appears in the third or fourth decade, although it can occur at any age. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011 Aug-Sep;138(8-9):601-4. Epub 2011 Apr 23.

Service de dermatologie, hôpital Fournier, CHU de Nancy, 36, quai de la Bataille, 54035 Nancy cedex, France.

Background: Primary cutaneous diffuse B-cell lymphoma, leg type, are rare and aggressive tumours frequently affecting elderly patients. We present a case of a 53-year-old woman with an atypical presentation of primary cutaneous diffuse B-cell lymphoma, leg type.

Case Report: Eight years after complete excision of a Jessner-Kanof lymphocytic infiltration on the right shoulder, the patient developed a primary cutaneous diffuse B-cell lymphoma, leg type at the same site. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010 Dec;137(12):803-7

Cabinet de Dermatologie, Avenue Résidence v, 14, Place des Grenadiers-quartier-grouchy, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France.

Background: Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS) is a chronic, benign T-cell infiltrative disorder, usually manifesting as erythematous papules or plaques on the face, neck and back.

Patients And Methods: five patients presented LIS with numerous skin lesions on the face and back characteristic of this disease. Histological examination showed a lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis without any modification of the epidermis. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2009 Sep 26;161(3):583-90. Epub 2009 May 26.

Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.

Background: Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS) and reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) are characterized histologically by an inflammatory cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrate similar to the histological appearance of pseudolymphoma.

Objectives: To re-evaluate a large cohort of patients with the clinical and/or histological diagnosis or differential diagnosis of LIS and REM and to assess the evidence for infection with Borrelia.

Methods: Sixty-nine cases of LIS and 34 cases of REM were retrospectively investigated. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2009 Apr;144(2):157-71

Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.

The known spectrum of skin manifestations in cutaneous Lyme disease is continuously expanding and can not be regarded as completed. Besides the classical manifestations of cutaneous borreliosis like erythema (chronicum) migrans, borrelial lymphocytoma and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans evidence is growing that at least in part also other skin manifestations, especially morphea, lichen sclerosus and cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma are causally related to infections with Borrelia. Also granuloma annulare and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis might be partly caused by Borrelia burgdorferi or similar strains. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009 May 3;23(5):595-6. Epub 2008 Sep 3.

Arch Dermatol 2006 Dec;142(12):1655-6

Br J Dermatol 2005 Aug;153(2):254-73

Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

Thalidomide was first introduced in the 1950s as a sedative but was quickly removed from the market after it was linked to cases of severe birth defects. However, it has since made a remarkable comeback for the U.S. Read More

Hum Pathol 2005 May;36(5):505-11

Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical School, Iruma-gun, Japan.

To clarify the confusion surrounding the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) that was formerly described as lymphadenosis benigna cutis, lymphocytoma cutis, or lymphocytic infiltration of Jessner and to assess whether newly recognized diagnoses, such as cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and pseudolymphomatous folliculitis (PLF), may have been overlooked, we reexamined 55 Japanese cases of nonepidermotropic lymphoproliferative disorder that had previously been diagnosed as "cutaneous pseudolymphoma." In all these cases, the immunohistochemical expressions of CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD21, CD30, CD43, CD56, CD68, CD79a, kappa and lambda chains, S-100 protein, and latent membrane protein were assessed. In addition, in 13 cases the gene rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction method. Read More

Mult Scler 2005 Apr;11(2):245-8

Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.

Glatiramer acetate (GLAT) is a well tolerated and safe immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The most commonly recognized side effects are localized injection site reactions consisting of pain, pruritus, mild erythema and induration, which sometimes persist for several days. We describe the first case of a biopsy-proven lymphocytic infiltration (T-cell pseudolymphoma) with the clinical appearance of a figured erythema on the ventrolateral thighs in the first four weeks under GLAT treatment, resolving without any evidence of recurrence despite ongoing therapy. Read More

Dermatology 2002 ;204(1):12-6

Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany.

Background: Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner and Kanof) is a T cell pseudolymphoma characterized by the occurrence of recurrent asymptomatic papules and plaques and by a coat-sleeve-like perivascular lymphoid infiltrate. Rarely, familial cases have been reported.

Objectives: Our study was performed to address the question of a genetic predisposition in a case of familial lymphocytic infiltration by histochemical and molecular analysis. Read More

Hautarzt 1999 Apr;50(4):270-4

Abteilung für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Städt. Krankenhaus München-Schwabing, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus des Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Palpable arciform migratory erythema of Clark (PAME) has been described as a rare member in the group of T-cell pseudolymphoma. The clinical picture of infiltrated annular erythema developing into large migrating lesions with the trunk as predilection site is distinctive from other pseudolymphomas. Because of the very similar histology and immunohistochemistry in comparison to the more frequent lymphocytic infiltration of the skin of Jessner and Kanof (LIS) doubts have been raised about the existence of PAME as an unique entity. Read More

Arch Dermatol 1997 Jun;133(6):763-6

Department of Dermatology, Universität-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg,Germany.

Background: Palpable migratory arciform erythema is clinically characterized by sharply circumscribed, infiltrated erythematous patches that tend to spread irregularly, resulting in arciform morphologic features. The histopathologic features are characterized by a patchy inflammatory perivascular and periadnexal T-lymphocytic infiltrate throughout the dermis. The disease runs a chronic course and is rarely described in the literature. Read More

Arch Dermatol 1995 Sep;131(9):1032-5

Dermatology Service, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.

Background And Design: An effective therapy is still unavailable for Jessner-Kanof lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Thalidomide's efficacy was suggested in an open study. Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive thalidomide (100 mg/d) or placebo over a period of 2 months and were then switched to the other treatment. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 1994 Oct;21(5):430-6

Department of Pathology, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taiwan.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), polymorphous light-eruption (PMLE), lymphocytic infiltration of Jessner (LIJ), and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) are often difficult to differentiate from one another by light microscopic examination. We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of the mononuclear cell infiltrates in 13 LE, 12 PMLE, 10 LIJ, and 13 CLH with various antibodies. Antibodies L26, UCHL1, and S100 achieved statistically significant differences among the four diseases, but because of the overlaps in the number of UCHL1(+) T cells and S100 protein (+) cells in individual cases, these two antibodies were not useful. Read More

Cutis 1994 Jan;53(1):49-52

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Division of Dermatopathology 75235-9072.

Lymphocytic infiltrates of the skin classically include a select number of diagnostic entities such as lupus erythematosus, gyrate erythema, polymorphous light eruption, lymphocytoma cutis, lymphocytic leukemia, and lymphocytic infiltrate of Jessner. We recently observed two patients with chronic inflammatory plaques of the face with histologic features of a lymphocytic infiltrate with unusual clinical features. Persistent indurated plaques of the face may be a manifestation of lymphocytic infiltration of the skin that could represent a variant of Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate. Read More

Dermatology 1992 ;185(2):113-9

Department of Pathology, John L. McClellan Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital, Little Rock, Ark. 72205.

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, follicular B cell pseudolymphoma or lymphadenosis benigna cutis and lymphocytic infiltration of Jessner-Kanof are a group of benign lymphoid hyperplastic disorders which usually involve the skin of the face or head and neck. These lesions may be difficult to differentiate from malignant lymphocytic lymphomas both morphologically and clinically. To evaluate whether quantitative flow-cytometric analysis and DNA ploidy determination of the lymphoid cells in the lesions would provide additional and more precise diagnostic parameters, we have correlatively analyzed a case by morphological, flow-cytometric and immunohistochemical methods. Read More

Hautarzt 1990 Feb;41(2):78-82

Hautklinik, der Städtischen Kliniken Kassel.

A 65-year-old man with recurrent erythema migrans arciforme et palpabile (EMAP) is reported. EMAP is characterized as a T-cell pseudolymphoma, the cell populations of which are composed of T-helper- and T-suppressor cells in a ratio of 2:1. EMAP can therefore not be differentiated immunohistologically from the lymphocytic infiltration of Jessner-Kanof. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 1989 Oct;21(4 Pt 1):795-7

Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-2900.

Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1988 (5):55-7

Dermatologica 1988 ;177(2):120-2

Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.

We describe an otherwise healthy mother and son who have developed Jessner/Kanof's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. This is the first description of this condition occurring in a parent and child in this fashion. Read More

Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 1986 ;14(6):371-86

We have revised the concept of pseudolymphoma, some of its classifications and its differences with the malignant lymphoma, which sometimes are only an evolution, not existing other elements of judgement. We publish the summary of ten lymphocytoma cutis cases studied by us, which we believe are the paradigm of the B pseudo-lymphoma due to the clinical and hystological controversy in our patients. One of them shifted to malignant lymphoma after 30 years of evolution as a lymphocytoma. Read More

Indian J Lepr 1985 Oct-Dec;57(4):804-6

A case of pseudolymphoma from India is being reported which had been masquerading for quite some time as a case of borderline leprosy. The patient has been having for the past 16 years, recurrent, occasionally pruritic, multiple, bilateral, erythematous papules and plaques, which on casual examination elsewhere had suggested leprosy. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 1985 Mar;12(3):455-61

Skin biopsy specimens from six patients with nodular lymphoid disease of the head and neck were studied by routine histology, direct immunofluorescence microscopy, and leukocyte monoclonal antibodies to T and B cell subsets and monocytes. Initially, these lesions were clinically considered to be benign lymphocytic infiltrates of Jessner, lymphocytoma, or lymphoma. Direct immunofluorescence was negative or showed nonspecific staining in all four patients in whom it was performed. Read More

Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1985 Feb(2):66-8

J Am Acad Dermatol 1984 Nov;11(5 Pt 1):832-40

Differentiation between Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) may be extremely difficult. Therefore, skin biopsy specimens from eight patients with LIS and eight with DLE were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against T cell differentiating antigens, Ia-like (HLA-DR) antigens, and antigens present on Langerhans and/or related cells (OKT6), B cells, and monocytes (OKM1). In all patients studied the majority of the infiltrating cells reacted with the pan-T cell antisera Leu-1 and Leu-4, whereas B cells were few or absent. Read More

Br J Dermatol 1984 May;110(5):523-9

Recent studies have suggested that Jessner 's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and lymphocytoma cutis both represent pseudo-B-cell lymphomas. We have now done immunohistochemical studies on frozen skin sections of six patients with lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. In all cases a predominance of T lymphocytes was observed and B lymphocytes were sparse or completely absent. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 1983 ;110(8):611-4

Five patients present a Jessner-Kanof's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin with 6-year duration for 4 of them. The skin lesions are numerous on the face and the back and characteristic of this disease. Histologic examination shows a lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis without any modification of epidermis. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 1982 ;62(2):119-24

25 cases of cutaneous lymphocytoma were reviewed, of which 13 were benign lymphocytoma of the skin and 15 lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner). The clinical diagnosis benign lymphocytoma of the skin was in agreement with the histology, except in 2 patients where lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner) was the most likely clinical diagnosis. Of the 15 patients treated, 8 went into complete remission and 5 into partial remission. Read More

Arch Dermatol 1981 Jan;117(1):26-8

We describe here nine women who had similar distinctive clinical features that consisted of painful red-to-purple macules, papules, and plaques on the digits, predominantly on the toes. All patients reported that exposure to cold had preceded their symptoms. Histologic study demonstrated a lymphocytic vasculitis, characterized by lymphocytes infiltrating the walls of blood vessels in eight (88%) of nine lesions. Read More

Pathologica 1980 Nov-Dec;72(1022):875-9

Arch Dermatol 1977 Jun;113(6):798-800

A female carrier of chronic granulomatous disease developed arcuate, erythematous dermal plaques on her back and face. The lesions were clinically and histopathologically suggestive of Jessner benign lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Some women with relatively fixed arcuate or annular, erythematous, dermal plaques may be carriers of chronic granulomatous disease. Read More

Ann Dermatol Syphiligr (Paris) 1975 ;102(3):277-86

The authors present a pathological study of the skin in a 62 year-old man with facial pigmentation due to amiodarone. They found under the light microscope, cells resembling histiocytes filled with pigment. They were less numerous than usually reported, but were found associated with a pericapillary and periglandular lymphocytic infiltration, which raises the problem of iatrogenic lupus or Jessner-Kanoff's disease. Read More

Dermatologica 1973 ;147(5):299-308

Arch Dermatol 1969 Aug;100(2):247-8

Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 1969 ;76(4):587-9

Ann Dermatol Syphiligr (Paris) 1969 ;96(3):279-82

Przegl Dermatol 1967 May-Jun;54(3):361-8

Przegl Dermatol 1967 Jan-Feb;54(1):57-64

Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 1966 Dec;73(6):880-2

Actas Dermosifiliogr 1966 Sep-Oct;57(9):279-86

Dermatologica 1966 ;132(2):109-14