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JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019 Apr 22;7(4):e12223. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Postvaccination fever is a mild adverse event that naturally improves without complications, but is highly prevalent and can be accompanied by febrile convulsions in some cases. These adverse effects may cause parents to delay or avoid vaccinating their children.

Objective: This study aimed to identify postvaccination fever patterns and the ability of antipyretics to affect changes in these patterns from data collected from a mobile app named Fever Coach. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019 Apr-Jun;22(2):237-240

Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne zoonotic disease, is endemic in several parts of India. It may cause multisystemic disease involving lungs, heart, spleen, liver, hematological system, and nervous system. Neurological involvement may include meningoencephalitis, cerebellitis, cranial nerve palsies, plexopathy, transverse myelitis, muscle dysfunction, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, parkinsonian syndrome, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019 Apr;40(4):417-421

Hebei Provincial Children Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050030, China.

To understand the trends on the epidemics of acute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) among children under 18 years-old in Shijiazhuang city, 2007-2017. Surveillance programs on acute meningitis and encephalitis (AMES) had been conducted in population less than 18 years-old, since 2007. Hospitals at county level or above in Shijiazhuang had been included to carry out the epidemiologic surveillance, including 6 on pathogens, regarding AMES. Read More

Brain Dev 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Pediatrics, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

Background: Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is characterized by attention deficit, loss of emotion control, and impaired memory. Viral infection can cause acute encephalitis in children, occasionally exhibiting clinical features of limbic dysfunction. However, how viral infection affects the limbic system remains to be elucidated. Read More

Brain Dev 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

Background: Japanese encephalitis is a flavivirus that can cause pandemic encephalitis, and is prevalent in Southeast Asia and Australia. Brain images of patients with Japanese encephalitis are characterized by thalamic lesions, distinct from those seen in viral encephalopathies caused by the herpes simplex virus and West Nile virus.

Aim: Herein, we describe for the first time a time-dependent magnetic resonance imaging pattern in Japanese encephalitis in a 10-month-old Japanese boy. Read More

Trends Biotechnol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address:

Many viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family are transmitted by invertebrate vectors. Among those transmitted by mosquitos, there are many human pathogens of great medical importance, such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, or yellow fever virus. Millions of people contract mosquito-borne diseases each year, leading to thousands of deaths. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 May;25(5):898-910

During 2003-2011, we recruited 1,065 patients of all ages admitted to Mahosot Hospital (Vientiane, Laos) with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infection. Etiologies were laboratory confirmed for 42.3% of patients, who mostly had infections with emerging pathogens: viruses in 16. Read More

J Vector Borne Dis 2018 Oct-Dec;55(4):291-296

ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.

Background & Objectives: Assam is the most vulnerable state for Japanese encephalitis (JE) in India. The situation warrants characterization of epidemiological patterns of JE in vectors, pigs and human population. This investigation was aimed to determine the relative abundance of mosquito species and seroprevalence of JE in pigs in order to draw an epidemiological association with reported human JE cases in Assam. Read More

J Vector Borne Dis 2018 Oct-Dec;55(4):265-270

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines.

Background & Objectives: Culex quinquefasciatus is a peridomestic mosquito known for its ability to transmit pathogenic diseases such as filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. The development and use of novel and innovative vector control measures such as the utilization of Wolbachia, along with the existing ones, are necessary to prevent the transmission of these diseases. Studies exploring the diversity of Wolbachia, particularly in Cx. Read More

Anim Biotechnol 2019 Apr 15:1-7. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

d ICAR , Krishi Bhavan , New Delhi , India.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne zoonotic flaviviral disease. Swine sero-convert 2-3 weeks before infection occurs in humans and thus serves as a suitable sentinel for JE surveillance and outbreak prediction in human population. The present study was conducted with the objective of developing a lateral flow assay (LFA) for detecting JEV antibodies in swine sera. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Apr 15;13(4):e0007269. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.

The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine SA14-14-2 has been used in Nepal for catch-up campaigns and is now included in the routine immunisation schedule. Previous studies have shown good vaccine efficacy after one dose in districts with a high incidence of JE. The first well-documented dengue outbreak occurred in Nepal in 2006 with ongoing cases now thought to be secondary to migration from India. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 28;10:525. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Human infection by different flaviviruses may cause severe neurologic syndromes, through pathogenic mechanisms that are still largely unknown. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are believed to reach the central nervous system by a hematogenous route, upon crossing the blood-brain barrier. Although the disruption of BBB during flavivirus infection has been largely evidenced in experimental models, the relevance of BBB breakdown for virus entering the brain was not completely elucidated. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2019 Apr 15;43. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Royal Darwin Hospital Northern Territory; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory

This report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases of public health importance in Australia during the 2014–15 season (1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015) and includes data from human notifications, sentinel chicken, vector and virus surveillance programs. The National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System received notifications for 12,849 cases of disease transmitted by mosquitoes during the 2014–15 season. The Australasian alphaviruses Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus accounted for 83% (n=10,723) of notifications. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019 26;9:77. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States.

Vaccine 2019 May 5;37(19):2529-2531. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Valneva Austria GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.

Immunization with the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine IXIARO® results in protective neutralizing antibody levels for one year. Since persistence of protective titer levels beyond one year was unknown, a 5 years follow-up study was conducted. Additionally, data were stratified to compare the persistence of protective neutralizing antibodies against JE in people with or without tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination. Read More

Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2019 3;2019:9179308. Epub 2019 Mar 3.

School of Basic Medical Science, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.

The attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) live vaccine SA14-14-2 prepared from wild-type (WT) strain SA14 was licensed to prevent Japanese encephalitis (JE) in 1989 in China. Many studies showed that the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein were the crucial determinant of virulence and immunogenicity of JEV. So we are interested in whether the substitution of prM/E of JEV WT SA14 with those of vaccine strain SA14-14-2 could decrease neurovirulence and prevent the challenge of JEV WT SA14. Read More

Environ Res 2019 Mar 20;173:255-261. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China; "Health Shandong" Major Social Risk Prediction and Governance Collaborative Innovation Center, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Climate change may lead to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and pose public health challenges to human health and the already overloaded healthcare system. It is therefore important to review current knowledge and identify further directions in China, the largest developing country in the world.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between climate variability and infectious disease transmission in China in the new millennium. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 11;10:418. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Computational Virology Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.

(NiV) is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. NiV is classified as a Biosafety Level 4 agent, not only because of its relatively high case fatality rate, but also because there is no vaccine or other medical countermeasures and it appears to be transmitted by fomites/particulates. The development of rapid detection assay for NiV is of great importance because no effective field test is currently available. Read More

Virol Sin 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

The incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) has significantly decreased in China due to JE vaccines. In this study, we investigated the post-JE vaccination seroprevalence and protection provided by vaccinated sera against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) to elucidate the persistence and waning of antibodies to JEV among JE-SA14-14-2-vaccinated children. A total of 300 serum samples were collected from vaccinated children aged 3-10 years in Zhaotong, Yunnan, China. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 8;10:428. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes , and with the humoral immune response elicited by inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (IJEV). A total of 373 individuals aged 3-12 years in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, who received two doses of IJEV at 0 and 7 days, were enrolled in the current study. Based on the individuals' specific JE virus (JEV)-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), they were divided into a seropositive and a seronegative group. Read More

Mol Genet Genomics 2019 Mar 23. Epub 2019 Mar 23.

Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.

Culex pipiens pallens is an important vector that transmits Bancroftian filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and other diseases that pose a serious threat to human health. Extensive and improper use of insecticides has caused insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, which has become an important obstacle to the control of mosquito-borne diseases. It is crucial to investigate the underlying mechanism of insecticide resistance. Read More

Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. Electronic address:

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus that causes severe neurological symptoms in humans, has been found in Hokkaido, Japan. In the present study, we detected sequences from a novel tick-borne flavivirus, designated Yamaguchi virus (YGV), in liver and serum samples obtained from a wild boar in the Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that YGV belongs to the TBEV complex and is closely related to Langat virus (LGTV). Read More

Brain Dev 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Children Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China. Electronic address:

Background: This study aimed to analyze clinical and imaging features of children with severe Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze causes and solutions for psychiatric symptoms of JE during the convalescent period.

Methods: We analyzed clinical information for 78 children with severe JE at the Department of Neurology, Department of Infection, and Department of Rehabilitation in our hospital during 2014-2016. Seventy-eight cases of severe JE were divided into patients with psychiatric symptoms and no psychiatric symptoms groups. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Mar 22. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.

The purpose of this risk assessment (RA) was to qualitatively estimate the risk of emergence of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the United States (US). We followed the framework for RA of emerging vector-borne livestock diseases (de Vos et al. 2011), which consists of a structured questionnaire, whose answers to questions can be delivered in risk categories, descriptive statements, or yes or no type of answers, being supported by the literature. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in humans. JEV infection of swine, which are the main amplifying hosts for JEV, can cause reproductive failure in sows; in boars it can cause testitis and infertility. The prevalence of JEV in swine is a continuous threat to human health. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 18;9(1):4833. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg, Switzerland.

The neurotropic Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is responsible for Japanese encephalitis, an uncontrolled inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Microglia cells are the unique innate immune cell type populating the brain that cross-communicate with neurons via the CXCR1-CXCL1 axis. However, microglia may serve as a viral reservoir for JEV. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Mar 6;6(3):ofz048. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao P.D.R.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections in Asia and results in significant morbidity and mortality. JEV RNA is rarely detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and diagnosis of JEV infection is usually based on serological tests that are frequently difficult to interpret. Unlike serum or CSF, urine is relatively easy to obtain, but, to date, there has been minimal work on the feasibility of testing urine for JEV RNA. Read More

Antiviral Res 2019 May 7;165:42-46. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan.

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent human arthropod-borne virus and causes severe problems worldwide, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. However, there is no specific antiviral drug against DENV infection. We and others recently reported that stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitor showed potent suppression of hepatitis C virus replication. Read More

Brain Dev 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Department of Neurology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, 779 Shimohakoda, Hokkitsu-machi, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8577, Japan.

Background: Rhinovirus is a common respiratory pathogen for children throughout the year; nevertheless, its central nervous system involvement is extremely rare, and only two cases have been reported to date: meningitis and sepsis-like illness.

Patient: A previously healthy 2-year-old Japanese boy developed fever, followed by seizures and lethargy. His cerebrospinal fluid cell count and protein level were slightly increased; brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal intensities in the bilateral cerebellar dentate nuclei, which were prominent in diffusion-weighted images. Read More

Antiviral Res 2019 Mar 6;167:6-12. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address:

We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a class of 1H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-1-ones originated from compound 1, previously identified as anti-flavivirus agent. Some of the new compounds showed activity in low μM range with reasonable selectivity against Dengue 2, Yellow fever (Bolivia strain), and West Nile viruses. One of the most interesting molecules, compound 16, showed broad antiviral activity against additional flaviviruses such as Dengue 1, 3 and 4, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, several strains of Yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr 1;19(4):344-345. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia. Electronic address:

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr 1;19(4):402-409. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background: In China, measles-rubella vaccine and live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LJEV) are recommended for simultaneous administration at 8 months of age, which is the youngest recommended age for these vaccines worldwide. We aimed to assess the effect of the co-administration of these vaccines at 8 months of age on the immunogenicity of measles-rubella vaccine.

Methods: We did a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, two-group randomised controlled trial in eight counties or districts in China. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019 Mar 4:1-16. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

h Department of Pediatrics , Phramongkutklao Hospital , Bangkok , Thailand.

Three phase II randomized trials evaluated the safety/immunogenicity of two formulations of live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus (TDEN) vaccine in dengue-endemic (Puerto Rico, Thailand) and non-endemic (US) regions (NCT00350337/NCT00370682/NCT00468858). We describe cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses; safety and humoral responses were reported previously. Participants received two doses of vaccine or control (placebo or the precursor live-attenuated TDEN vaccine) 6 months apart. Read More

Int J Mol Med 2019 May 27;43(5):2024-2032. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

In a previous study from our group, a novel compound, namely CW‑33 (ethyl 2‑(3',5'‑dimethylanilino)‑​4‑oxo‑4,5‑dihydrofuran‑3‑carboxylate) was identified that exhibited antiviral activity for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The viral NS2B‑NS3 serine protease serves an important role in cytoplasmic cleavage events that occur during viral polyprotein maturation. The inhibition of viral RNA and protein syntheses was responsible for the antiviral activities of the novel furanonaphthoquinone derivatives that were discovered for the prevention of JEV infection. Read More

J Glob Infect Dis 2019 Jan-Mar;11(1):7-12

Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Objectives: The objective is to study the clinico-epidemiological features of viral acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases and compare them with nonviral AES cases in children from Eastern India.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India over 18-month period. Children (6 months to 15 years) with acute onset of fever (≥37. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 12;10:134. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France.

The guanabenz derivative Sephin1 has recently been proposed to increase the levels of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation by inhibiting dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase 1-GADD34 (PPP1R15A) complex. As phosphorylation of eIF2α by protein kinase R (PKR) is a prominent cellular antiviral pathway, we evaluated the consequences of Sephin1 treatment on virus replication. Our results provide evidence that Sephin1 downregulates replication of human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, human adenovirus 5 virus, human enterovirus D68, human cytomegalovirus, and rabbit myxoma virus. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2019 Feb 20;4(1). Epub 2019 Feb 20.

College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major cause of neurological disease in Asia. It is a zoonotic flavivirus transmitted between water birds and/or pigs by mosquitoes; humans are dead-end hosts. In 1995, JEV emerged for the first time in northern Australia causing an unprecedented outbreak in the Torres Strait. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Jan 17;9(1):e024687. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Japan.

Objective: To calculate the incidence of hospitalisation due to acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), febrile seizures and encephalitis/encephalopathy among influenza-positive patients in Japan, where point-of-care tests are routinely used to diagnose influenza.

Design: A cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.

Setting: Japanese clinics and hospitals between 2012 and 2016. Read More

Front Public Health 2018 29;6:384. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018. Read More

Future Microbiol 2019 Mar 13;14:259-262. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Center for Advanced Research (CFAR) - Stem Cell/Cell Culture Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, India.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019 28;9. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.

Several mosquito-borne Flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Dengue Virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause severe clinical disease. Being zoonotic, Flaviviruses infect a wide variety of terrestrial vertebrates, which dependent of the virus-host interactions, can enhance ongoing epidemics and maintain the virus in the environment for prolonged periods. Targeted species can vary from amphibians, birds to various mammals, dependent on the virus. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;53(2):174-178

Division of Expanded Immunization Program, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.

To characterize the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of the acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan city in 2013-2016. The epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from 3 577 AMES cases in 6 sentinel hospitals in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Samples of all cases were made sero-diagnosis for Immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and negative cases of JEV for enterovirus (EV), mumps virus (MuV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;53(2):164-168

Department of National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.

To explore acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) surveillance in 4 China prefectures, to understand the epidemiological features and disease burden of () meningitis, () meningitis, haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) meningitis and Japanese encephalitis and provide evidence for related disease prevention and control. AMES surveillance were conducted in Jinan, Shandong Province and Yichang, Hubei Province in September 2006, and in 13 districts of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province and Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in April 2007. Six hospitals in each city were selected as monitoring pilot hospitals to carry out reports of suspected cases of acute meningitis and encephalitis, case investigation, blood specimens and cerebrospinal fluid specimen collection, anti-JEV IgM antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, , and Hib culture and polymerase chain reaction detection, etc. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;53(2):133-135

Department of Viral Encephalitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the important viral encephalitis in China. In the 1940s, JE was confirmed to be epidemic in China. In 1971, the annual incidence rate was 20. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 02 11;10(1):706. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis. However, the mechanisms of JEV penetration of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) remain poorly understood. Mast cells (MCs) are granulated innate immune sentinels located perivascularly, including at the BBB. Read More

J Colloid Interface Sci 2019 Apr 4;542:198-206. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China. Electronic address:

Multiple viruses can cause infection and death of millions annually. Of these, flaviviruses are found to be highly prevalent in recent years with no distinctive antiviral therapies. Therefore, there is a desperate need for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that can be active against a large number of existing and emerging viruses. Read More

Virology 2019 Mar 29;529:226-233. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan. Electronic address:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was shown to activate protein kinase R (PKR), which inhibits expression of interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes by controlling the translation of newly transcribed mRNAs. However, it is unknown exactly how HCV activates PKR. To address the molecular mechanism(s) of PKR activation mediated by HCV infection, we examined the effects of viral proteins on PKR activation. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 6;20(3). Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Virus infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can manifest in various forms of inflammation, including that of the brain (encephalitis) and spinal cord (myelitis), all of which may have long-lasting deleterious consequences. Although the knowledge of how different viruses affect neural cells is increasing, understanding of the mechanisms by which cells respond to neurotropic viruses remains fragmented. Several virus types have the ability to infect neural tissue, and astrocytes, an abundant and heterogeneous neuroglial cell type and a key element providing CNS homeostasis, are one of the first CNS cell types to get infected. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 02 7;13(2):e0007162. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for equine diseases, Maisons-Alfort, France.

New Caledonia and French Polynesia are areas in which arboviruses circulate extensively. A large serological survey among horses from New Caledonia and French Polynesia was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of flaviviruses in the horse population. Here, 293 equine sera samples were screened for flaviviruses using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Read More

Cell Rep 2019 Feb;26(6):1598-1613.e8

Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Flaviviruses cause systemic or neurotropic-encephalitic pathology in humans. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and vascular leakage during dengue virus infection. However, the contribution of secreted NS1 from related flaviviruses to viral pathogenesis remains unknown. Read More