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Acta Neurol Belg 2020 Jul 8. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.

Viruses 2020 Jun 30;12(7). Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.

We previously showed that the growth ability of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype V (GV) strain Muar is clearly lower than that of the genotype I (GI) JEV strain Mie/41/2002 in murine neuroblastoma cells. Here, we sought to identify the region in GV JEV that is involved in its low growth potential in cultured cells. An intertypic virus containing the NS1-3 region of Muar in the Mie/41/2002 backbone (NS1-3) exhibited a markedly diminished growth ability in murine neuroblastoma cells. Read More

EFSA J 2017 Jul 31;15(7):e04948. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of Japanese encephalitis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of Japanese encephalitis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to Japanese encephalitis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Read More

Insect Sci 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia, 11800.

The Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) is an important vector that transmit multiple diseases including West Nile encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis and lymphatic filariasis. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2020 Jul 4;14(1):88. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Department of Neurology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800 Aoyagi, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan.

Background: In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely used as a crucial therapy in malignant tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause various autoimmune side effects called immune-related adverse events because they generate an exaggerated inflammatory response. Encephalitis associated with atezolizumab has rarely been reported as an immune-related adverse event. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2020 Jun 30:104443. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China. Electronic address:

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causal pathogen of Japanese encephalitis (JE), which has become a severe public health problem and is one of the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Currently, there is no specific treatment for JEV. A vaccine would be an effective measure for reducing morbidity and mortality. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.

A total of 548 mosquitoes were collected from different animal farms located near to highly populated cities in Xinjiang, and were subjected to metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS). The mNGS data demonstrated that 18842 (XJ1 strain) and 1077 (XJ2 strain) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) related reads were detected in XJ1 and XJ2 mosquito samples collected from Wushi and Wensu counties of Aksu area, which accounted for 0.032% and 0. Read More

Neurochem Res 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Role of autophagy in Japanese encephalitis viral (JEV) infection is not well known. In the present study, we reported the role of autophagy flux in microglia activation, neurobehavioral function and neuronal death using a mouse model of JEV. Markers for autophagy (LC3-II/I, SQSTM1/P62, phos-Akt, phos-AMPK), and neuronal death (cleaved caspase 12, H2Ax, polyubiquitin) were investigated by western blot at 1, 3 and 7 days post inoculation. Read More

J Virol 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus that causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), which has an unclear pathogenesis. Despite vaccination, thousands of deaths attributed to JE are reported annually. In this study, we report that mice deficient for Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays multiple roles in flaviviral infection, displayed greater mortality upon JEV infection. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2020 Jul;61(7):623-630

School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.

Purpose: Vaccine hesitancy is among the top ten threats to global health, and access to precise data on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) is imperative to alleviate public concerns surrounding vaccines. This study aimed to present the overall trends of AEFIs reported in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated the trends of AEFIs using the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database between January 2005 and December 2017. Read More

J Virol Methods 2020 Jun 26:113921. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, China.

In order to establish a high-throughput identification technique that simultaneously detects six major pathogens including APP, HPS, PRRSV, Mhp, PCV-2 and CSFV, six pairs of primers and probes were designed based on the specific conservative sequences of the pathogens, a multiplex PCR system was developed, hybrid parameters were optimized, and evaluation of the technology was performed. The results showed that the present detection method had a sensitivity of 5.8 × 10copies/μL for APP, 7. Read More

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is recognized as a public health risk by the World Health Organization. In Asia, each year, ∼70,000 people become infected with JEV, which results in ∼10,000 deaths. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an RNA virus, whose infection mainly causes fever, myalgia, and skin rash. Read More

Geospat Health 2020 Jun 17;15(1). Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (PUSPICS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta.

The spread of mosquito-borne diseases in Southeast Asia has dramatically increased in the latest decades. These infections include dengue, chikungunya and Japanese Encephalitis (JE), high-burden viruses sharing overlapping disease manifestation and vector distribution. The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to monitor the dynamics of disease and vector distribution can assist in disease epidemic prediction and public health interventions, particularly in Southeast Asia where sustained high temperatures drive the epidemic spread of these mosquito-borne viruses. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Jun 19;8(2). Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea.

The immunization schedule for the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in Korea is a two-dose primary series at 12-24 months of age, followed by booster doses 12 months after the second dose and at the ages of 6 and 12 years. Although the number of JE cases has markedly decreased after the universal vaccination program, JE predominantly occurs in adults. The aim of this study was to assess the age-specific prevalence of the JE-neutralizing antibody (NTAb) among adolescents and adults in Korea. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2020 Jun;48(6):547-552

Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki.

We report a case of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula(ACF-DAVF)in a patient whose diagnosis was made according to characteristic findings on arterial spin labeling(ASL)MRI. CASE:A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of intractable epilepsy. Based on the initial MRI findings, an initial diagnosis of limbic encephalitis was made. Read More

Molecules 2020 Jun 17;25(12). Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.

Over the course of the last 50 years, the emergence of several arboviruses have resulted in countless outbreaks globally. With a high proportion of infections occurring in tropical and subtropical regions where arthropods tend to be abundant, Asia in particular is a region that is heavily affected by arboviral diseases caused by dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Major gaps in protection against the most significant emerging arboviruses remains as there are currently no antivirals available, and vaccines are only available for some. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020 Aug 15;104(15):6779-6789. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are closely related to mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine SA14-14-2 has been in the Chinese national Expanded Program on Immunization since 2007. The recent recognition of severe disease syndromes associated with ZIKV, and the identification of ZIKV from mosquitoes in China, prompts an urgent need to investigate the potential interaction between the two. Read More

BMC Neurol 2020 Jun 17;20(1):247. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-Kamicyo, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.

Background: A unique patient with MELAS syndrome, who initially masqueraded as having acute encephalitis and was eventually diagnosed with MELAS syndrome harboring a mtDNA 14453G → A mutation, is described.

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old Japanese man was admitted to another hospital due to acute onset of cognitive impairment and psychosis. After 7 days he was transferred to our hospital with seizures and deteriorating psychosis. Read More

BMC Genomics 2020 Jun 18;21(1):409. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the common causes of acute encephalitis in humans. Japanese encephalitis is characterized by the uncontrolled release of inflammatory cytokines, which ultimately results in neuronal cell damage. In recent years, with the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, studies have shown that circRNAs, by competing with endogenous miRNAs, play a vital role in the pathology of CNS diseases. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2020 18;13:177-181. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.

Functional neurologic disorders feature nervous system symptoms that cannot be explained by a neurological disease or other medical condition. The patient described here was a 21-year-old Japanese woman who was initially diagnosed with a functional neurologic disorder based on numbness and weakness of the limbs with no abnormalities in routine examinations. Further detailed examinations revealed monocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and electroencephalography revealed widespread, low-voltage, slow waves with concentrated spindle waves. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jul 13;38(33):5219-5222. Epub 2020 Jun 13.

Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.8, Chung Shan S. Rd., Taipei 10041, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a significant public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region, with a case-fatality rate of around 20% for those who develop encephalitis. Mouse-brain derived vaccines against JE have been used in the publicly funded national immunization program (NIP) in Taiwan since 1968. They were replaced with a live-attenuated recombinant vaccine (JE-CV, IMOJEV®) in May 2017. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1330-1341

Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains the predominant cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. It reaches the central nervous system upon crossing the blood-brain barrier through pathogenic mechanisms that are not completely understood. Here, using a high-throughput siRNA screening assay combined with verification experiments, we found that JEV enters the primary human brain microvascular endot ezrin, an essential host factor for JEV entry based on our screening, in caveolae-mediated JEV internalization was investigated. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2020 Jun 13. Epub 2020 Jun 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kohka Public Hospital.

In January 2008, a 59-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis of his right temporal lobe, which was diagnosed by PCR testing of his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). He was treated with intravenous acyclovir for three weeks and made a full recovery. On discharge, his CSF was negative for HSV on PCR testing. Read More

PLoS One 2020 12;15(6):e0234584. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Departments of Pathology, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurs in fewer than 1% of JE virus (JEV) infections, often with catastrophic sequelae including death and neuropsychiatric disability. JEV transmission in Pakistan was documented in 1980s and 1990s, but recent evidence is lacking. Our objective was to investigate JEV as a cause of acute encephalitis in Pakistan. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 Jun 8. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Kota kinabalu, Malaysia.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is endemic in Malaysia. Although JE vaccination is practiced in the neighboring state of Sarawak for a long time, little is known about JE in Sabah state in Borneo. As a result, informed policy formulation for JE in Sabah has not been accomplished. Read More

J Virol 2020 Jun 10. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV; genus ) is a causative agent of duck egg drop syndrome and has zoonotic potential. The positive strand RNA genomes of flaviviruses are commonly translated in a cap-dependent manner. However, Dengue and Zika viruses also exhibit cap-independent translation. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jul 7;38(32):5015-5020. Epub 2020 Jun 7.

Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkon University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address:

Background: Reducing the number of doses required for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) would make it more feasible and cost-effective to implement in children at the highest risk of rabies exposure in Asia. We studied immune response of 2-site intradermal (ID) injection of rabies vaccine on days 0 and 28 for rabies PrEP simultaneously administrated with live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) for children living in endemic area.

Research Design And Methods: Seronegative children (n = 49) aged 12-16 months were randomized 2:1 into two groups: Group A subjects were vaccinated with 0. Read More

J Biosci 2020 ;45

National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram 122 052, India.

, a neurotropic flavivirus, causes sporadic encephalitis with nearly 25% fatal case reports. JEV infects neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and decreases their proliferation. Statin, a commonly used class of cholesterol lowering drug, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Read More

J Vis Exp 2020 May 24(159). Epub 2020 May 24.

Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego; Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego;

Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of a diverse range of vector-borne diseases such as avian malaria, West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, lymphatic filariasis, and Saint Louis encephalitis. Notably, avian malaria has played a major role in the extinction of numerous endemic island bird species, while WNV has become an important vector-borne disease in the United States. To gain further insight into C. Read More

PLoS One 2020 5;15(6):e0233669. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Boulevard Monivong, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Only few data exist in Cambodia on mosquito diversity and their potential role as vectors. Many arboviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis, are endemic and mostly affect children in the country. This research sets out to evaluate vector relative abundance and diversity in primary schools in Cambodia in an attempt to explain the apparent burden of dengue fever, severe dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE), other arboviral diseases and malaria among children, 15 years and under, attending selected primary schools through vector surveys. Read More

J Exp Med 2020 Sep;217(9)

Immunology Innovation Team, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.

Cross-reactive anti-flaviviral immunity can influence the outcome of infections with heterologous flaviviruses. However, it is unclear how the interplay between cross-reactive antibodies and T cells tilts the balance toward pathogenesis versus protection during secondary Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections. We show that sera and IgG from JEV-vaccinated humans and JEV-inoculated mice cross-reacted with ZIKV, exacerbated lethal ZIKV infection upon transfer to mice, and promoted viral replication and mortality upon ZIKV infection of the neonates born to immune mothers. Read More

Intern Med 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Medicine (Neurology & Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan.

A 61-year-old Japanese man presented with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. NR1 antibodies were detected in his cerebrospinal fluid. Chest computed tomography revealed lung tumor. Read More

Virus Res 2020 May 30;286:198040. Epub 2020 May 30.

Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address:

The interactions between chemokine receptors and their ligands may affect susceptibility to infectious diseases as well as their clinical manifestations. These interactions mediate both the traffic of inflammatory cells and virus-associated immune responses. In the context of viral infections, the human C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) receives great attention from the scientific community due to its role as an HIV-1 co-receptor. Read More

Trop Doct 2020 May 31:49475520927632. Epub 2020 May 31.

Associate Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

We report the case of an eight-year-old boy who presented with an acute encephalitis and was confirmed to have Japanese encephalitis (JE). In addition, we found the vesicular stage of neurocysticercosis (NCC). The co-occurrence of JE and NCC was thought to be synergistic as there is some evidence that in presence of NCC, the neuroinvasiveness and virulence of JE is greater and associated with poor outcome. Read More

Infect Dis Ther 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

Sanofi Pasteur, Seoul, Korea.

Introduction: The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV; Imojev) has been approved in South Korea for use in subjects aged ≥ 12 months since 2015. As part of the license agreement, a post-marketing surveillance study was undertaken to actively monitor the safety profile of JE-CV in the Korean population.

Methods: An observational, active safety surveillance study was conducted from 3 April 2015 through to 2 April 2019 at 12 centers in South Korea. Read More

FEBS J 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis all around the globe. Approximately 3 billion people in endemic areas are at risk of Japanese encephalitis. To develop a wholistic understanding of the viral proteome, it is important to investigate both its ordered and disordered proteins. Read More

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2020 Jun 1;25:1875-1893. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad-500032, Telangana, India,

Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is the most common Flavivirus based mosquito borne viral encephalitis in the world, especially in countries of South-East Asia. The conventional methods such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test and virus isolation are still in use today but new advances are being made to develop more efficient, inexpensive, quicker, sensitive and time-saving techniques to detect JEV. Some of these include the use of immunosensors, both lateral flow based assays and electrochemical, as well as the incorporation of nanotechnology into biosensors to develop highly sensitive detection tools. Read More

J Virol 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection alters microRNA (miRNA) expression in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism contributing to miRNA regulation in the CNS is not known. We discovered global degradation of mature miRNA in mouse brains and neuroblastoma cells (NA) after JEV infection. Read More

Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China.

Purification of the enveloped virus poses a challenge as one must retain viral infectivity to preserve immunogenicity. The traditional process of virus purification is time-consuming, laborious and hard to scale up. Here, a rapid, simple and extensible laboratory program for the purification of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was developed by using differential centrifugation, ultrafiltration, Sepharose 4 fast flow gel chromatography, and Capto Core 700 chromatography. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2020 Jun 7;245:108708. Epub 2020 May 7.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address:

The outbreak and spread of Tembusu virus (TMUV) has caused very large losses in the waterfowl-breeding industry since 2010. The viral envelope (E) protein, the principal surface protein of viral particles, plays a vital role in viral entry and fusion. In this study, two peptides derived from domain II (DII) and the stem of the TMUV envelope protein, TP1 and TP2, respectively, were tested for their antiviral activity. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2020 May 26;16(1):162. Epub 2020 May 26.

MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Background: At present, pig industry in China is faced with the complex situation of mixed infection caused by multiple pathogens. It is urgent to develop some new high-throughput molecular diagnosis assays to simultaneously detect pathogens or antibodies. Biochip array technology has made it possible to screen thousands of samples simultaneously; it has been twice named as one of the top 10 scientific and technological breakthroughs. Read More

J Adv Res 2020 Jul 29;24:317-324. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China.

Argonaute proteins are highly conserved in almost all organisms. They not only involve in the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs, but also regulate gene expression and defend against foreign pathogen invasion via small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways. As a key player in these pathways, the abnormal expression and/or mis-modifications of Argonaute proteins lead to the disorder of small RNA biogenesis and functions, thus influencing multiply biological processes and disease development, especially cancer. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 05 26;14(5):e0008333. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, United States of America.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections are important contributors to morbidity and mortality and the causative agents for ~50% patients are never identified. The causative agents of some CNS infections have distinct spatial and temporal patterns.

Methodology/principal Findings: Here we present the results of a spatial epidemiological and ecological analysis of CNS infections in Lao PDR (2003-2011). Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 05 26;14(5):e0008312. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Arbovirus, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Although Japanese encephalitis virus genotype Ib (JEV GIb) has replaced JEV GIII as the dominant genotype in endemic areas of Asia, no JEV GIb has been isolated from JE cases and natural mosquitoes at the same time in an outbreak of JE. In this study, we conducted virological and molecular biological laboratory tests on JE case samples (serum/cerebrospinal fluid) and locally collected mosquito samples from the 2018 JE outbreak in Ningxia, China. The result of JEV IgM antibody detection showed that 96% (67/70) of the suspected cases were laboratory-confirmed JE cases. Read More

Elife 2020 May 26;9. Epub 2020 May 26.

Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Program, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease, known for its high mortality and disability rate among symptomatic cases. Many effective vaccines are available for JE, and the use of a recently developed and inexpensive vaccine, SA 14-14-2, has been increasing over the recent years particularly with Gavi support. Estimates of the local burden and the past impact of vaccination are therefore increasingly needed, but difficult due to the limitations of JE surveillance. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020 Jun 23;527(1):1-7. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address:

Bats are potential natural hosts of Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Bats appear to have some unique features in their innate immune system that inhibit viral replication causing limited clinical symptoms, and thus, contributing to the virus spill over to humans. Here, kidney epithelial cell lines derived from four bat species (Pteropus dasymallus, Rousettus leschenaultii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and Miniopterus fuliginosus) and two non-bat species (Homo sapiens and Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with EMCV and JEV. Read More

Immunol Res 2020 Apr;68(2):81-89

Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5820, USA.

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the vector borne causes of encephalitis found in southeastern Asia. This positive single-stranded RNA virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family, which notably includes dengue, tick-borne, West Nile, Zika as well as yellow fever, and transmits to humans by infected mosquitos. The main site of interactions for antibodies against this virus is the envelope protein domain III (ED3). Read More

Arch Acad Emerg Med 2020 21;8(1):e54. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Yamanashi University-Faculty of Medicine, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.

COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going pandemic attributed to a novel virus named SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the statistics of incidence and death rates between nations reveals that there is discrepancy amongst countries in these regards, even between countries that share borders. We herein present information from the literature indicating how cross-protection against COVID-19 conferred by the encephalitis vaccine could be the reason for lower fatality rate in the countries where immunization against encephalitis is widespread or included in national programs. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2020 May 19;5(2). Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.

Dengue is a serious infectious disease threat in Vietnam, but its spatiotemporal and socioeconomic risk factors are not currently well understood at the province level across the country and on a multiannual scale. We explore spatial trends, clusters and outliers in dengue case counts at the province level from 2011-2015 and use this to extract spatiotemporal variables for regression analysis of the association between dengue case counts and selected spatiotemporal and socioeconomic variables from 2013-2015. Dengue in Vietnam follows anticipated spatial trends, with a potential two-year cycle of high-high clusters in some southern provinces. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2020 Jun 19;60(6):446-451. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Neurology, Japan Community Health care Organization, Hoshigaoka Medical Centre.

A 60-year-old, right-handed woman was admitted to our hospital for amnesia as the only neurological abnormal findings following the autonomic symptoms and transient episodes of loss of awareness. EEG during the amnesia showed rhythmic alpha activity arising from the left mid-temporal region. Although this ictal activity showed evolution in the frequency and amplitude, the location was limited in the bilateral temporal areas. Read More