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Urologiia 2021 May(2):14-20

Department of Urology of FGBOU VO North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Aim: To present the technical features and results of intestinal and appendicular ureteral replacement.

Material And Methods: From 1998 to 2020, a total of 196 patients aged 18 to 77 years (mean age 49.5 +/- 1. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2021 May 3;139:111654. Epub 2021 May 3.

Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Previous studies have suggested that Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) has a radioprotective function, although more in-depth investigation is still required. We investigated the radioprotective efficacy of extract of the fruits of L. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Apr 26;278:119546. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:

Aims: Intestinal injury is a clinical problem related to radiotherapy or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of p-coumaric acid (CA) against radiation induced intestinal injury.

Main Methods: The present study orally administered CA to C57BL/6 male mice at 30 min before total body irradiation and continued for 3 days post irradiation. Read More

Radiat Res 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889.

Radiation combined injury (RCI, radiation exposure coupled with other forms of injury, such as burn, wound, hemorrhage, blast, trauma and/or sepsis) comprises approximately 65% of injuries from a nuclear explosion, and greatly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality when compared to that of radiation injury alone. To date, no U.S. Read More

J Radiat Res 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.

Metformin, a first-line oral drug for type II diabetes mellitus, not only reduces blood glucose levels, but also has many other biological effects. Recent studies have been conducted to determine the protective effect of metformin in irradiation injuries. However, the results are controversial and mainly focus on the time of metformin administration. Read More

J Radiat Res 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Department of Oncology, Tianjin 300121, China.

Intrinsic autophagy is important for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and intestinal regeneration. Ionizing radiation suppresses intrinsic autophagy and reduces damage-induced regeneration in the intestine, resulting in intestinal injury. Resveratrol, a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) agonist, promotes autophagy and exerts radioprotective effect. Read More

Dose Response 2021 Jan-Mar;19(1):15593258211003798. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Purpose: The main objective is to investigate the protective effect of camel milk (CM) on radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Methods: The C57BL/6 J mice in 2 experiments were assigned into control group (Con), irradiation group (IR), and CM+irradiation group (CM+IR). After receiving the CM via gavage for 14 days, the mice in the first experiment were exposed to 6 Gy X-ray whole body irradiation, and survival rate was compared among the groups. Read More

ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.

Protecting the body from radiation damage is a huge medical challenge. Amifostine and curcumin are both effective radioprotectants, but their use has been greatly restricted due to various reasons including low bioavailability. Nanoscale drug delivery systems of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers can improve the bioavailability of drugs due to excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and long circulation characteristics. Read More

J Tradit Chin Med 2021 04;41(2):254-261

Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Liangxue Guyuan decoction ( LGD) on radiation-induced intestinal injury in rats, and the possible underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: A total of 255 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. 15 rats were assigned to the control group and the remaining 240 rats were exposed to a 60Co source at a dose of 11 Gy. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021 May 31;554:199-205. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address:

Radiation enteritis (RE) is the most common radiotherapy complication, and effective RE treatments are lacking. Resveratrol exerts beneficial effects on radiation injury. However, the effect of resveratrol in radiation-induced intestinal injury and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2021 Mar;48(3):449-451

Dept. of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University.

Although radiation therapy for pelvic cancer leads to improved outcomes, it may cause radiation enteritis. Radiation enteritis is classified as early and late reaction. Late reaction indicate progressive and irreversible changes caused by ischemic changes of the intestinal mucosa. Read More

Anticancer Res 2021 Mar;41(3):1365-1375

Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.

Background/aim: Progress in cancer treatment and diagnosis has made second cancer after medical radiation exposure a particular concern among childhood cancer survivors. Calorie restriction (CR) is a broadly effective cancer prevention strategy, although its effects on radiation-induced intestinal tumours are unclear. Here we examined the cancer-preventative efficacy of a CR diet at different starting ages on radiation induction of intestinal tumours in mice. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021 May 25;554:49-55. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China. Electronic address:

Radiation-induced rectal injury is one of the common side effects of pelvic radiation therapy. This study aimed to explore the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in this process. In vivo, knockout (KO) of Nrf2 led to aggravated radiation-induced histological changes in the rectums. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021 Mar 23. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Princess Margaret Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, University Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address:

Purpose: Cervical cancer is a global health problem. Despite the growth of prevention programs, there is an important need to improve the effectiveness of treatment for patients with invasive, locally advanced disease. In this study we examined (1) the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) with cisplatin (RTCT) and an orally administered CXCR4 inhibitor suitable for clinical use, X4-136; (2) biomarkers of response to RTCT and X4-136; and (3) intestinal toxicity from RTCT and X4-136. Read More

Cell Biol Int 2021 Mar 16. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.

Radiotherapy is a leading treatment for various types of cancer. However, exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation causes acute gastrointestinal injury and gastrointestinal syndrome. This has significant implications for human health, and therefore, radioprotection is a major area of research. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021 Jun 13;1867(6):166125. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address:

The uncontrolled abnormal intestinal immune responses play important role in eliciting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the molecular events regulating intestinal inflammation during IBD remain poorly understood. Here, we describe an endogenous, homeostatic pattern that controls inflammatory responses in experimental murine colitis. We show that Spink7 (serine peptidase inhibitor, kazal type 7), the ortholog of human SPINK7, is significantly upregulated in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine colitis model. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Feb 12;22(4). Epub 2021 Feb 12.

National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea.

Intestinal injury is observed in cancer patients after radiotherapy and in individuals exposed to radiation after a nuclear accident. Radiation disrupts normal vascular homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system by inducing endothelial damage and senescence. Despite advances in medical technology, the toxicity of radiation to healthy tissue remains an issue. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Feb 11;22(4). Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Médicales (LRMED), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92260 Paris, France.

Fibrosis is a leading cause of death in occidental states. The increasing number of patients with fibrosis requires innovative approaches. Despite the proven beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on fibrosis, there is little evidence of their anti-fibrotic effects in colorectal fibrosis. Read More

Nature 2021 Apr 3;592(7855):606-610. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Intestinal stromal cells are known to modulate the propagation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this diverse stromal cell population maintains tissue homeostasis and repair are poorly understood. Here we describe a subset of intestinal stromal cells, named MAP3K2-regulated intestinal stromal cells (MRISCs), and show that they are the primary cellular source of the WNT agonist R-spondin 1 following intestinal injury in mice. Read More

Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021 Feb 26. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.

Ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury is a catastrophic complication in patients receiving radiotherapy. Circulating exosomes from patients undergoing radiotherapy can mediate communication between cells and facilitate a variety of pathological processes in vivo, but its effects on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage are undetermined. In this study we investigated the roles of exosomes during total body irradiation (TBI)-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro. Read More

Autophagy 2021 Jan 8;17(1):1-382. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021 4;2021:6610726. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.

Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) causes dose- and tissue-specific lethality. However, there are few effective and nontoxic radiation countermeasures for the radiation injury. In the current study, mice were pretreated with a traditional antimicrobial agent, FZD, before TBI; the protective effects of FZD on radiation injury were evaluated by using parameters such as the spleen index and thymus index, immunohistochemical staining of intestinal tissue, and frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of bone marrow. Read More

Biosci Rep 2021 Mar;41(3)

Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.

Acute radiation injury caused by high-dose radiation exposure severely impedes the application of radiotherapy in cancer management. To deeply understand the side effects of radiation on intestinal tract, an irradiation murine model was applied and evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were given 4 Gy non-myeloablative irradiation, 8 Gy myeloablative irradiation and non-irradiation (control), respectively. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 2;12:628018. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation injury, RI) in nuclear-related episode is evident to be life-threatening. RI occurs at levels of organs, tissues, cytosols, or nucleus. Their mechanisms are still not fully understood. Read More

Radiat Res 2021 04;195(4):307-323

Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Medical countermeasures (MCMs) for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) should be evaluated in well-characterized animal models, with consideration of at-risk populations such as pediatrics. We have developed pediatric mouse models of H-ARS and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) for efficacy testing of MCMs against radiation. Male and female C57BL/6J mice aged 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks old (±1 day) were characterized for baseline hematopoietic and gastrointestinal parameters, radiation response, efficacy of a known MCM, and DEARE at six and 12 months after total-body irradiation (TBI). Read More

Eur J Med Res 2021 Feb 8;26(1):19. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital OWL of the University Bielefeld, campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.

Background: Diaphragmatic lesions as a result of blunt or penetrating trauma are challenging to detect in the initial trauma setting. This is especially true when diaphragmatic trauma is part of a polytrauma. Complications of undetected diaphragmatic defects with incarcerating bowel are rare, but as in our patient can be serious. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 29;37:195. Epub 2020 Oct 29.

Service de Radiologie, Institut National d´Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc.

Résumé L´occlusion radique est une complication grave de l´entéropathie radique. Elle survient chez les patients sous radiothérapie suivis pour cancer gynécologique ou du rectum. Sa prise en charge nécessite une attention particulière pour améliorer la survie de ces patients. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2021 Jan 18;18(1):24. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF #6-016, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.

Background: Disruptions of brain-gut axis have been implicated in the progression of a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a chronic disease process characterized by persistent secondary injury processes which can be exacerbated by subsequent challenges. Enteric pathogen infection during chronic TBI worsened cortical lesion volume; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the damaging effects of enteric challenge during chronic TBI remain unknown. Read More

Cell Host Microbe 2021 01;29(1):7-9

INSERM U1016, team ''Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases'', CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France. Electronic address:

High-dose ionizing radiation used during cancer radiotherapy is associated with the induction of hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. In a recent Science issue, Guo et al. demonstrated that the gut microbiota-and its associated metabolites-play a central role in protecting against high-dose radiation. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2021 Mar 5;92:107347. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address:

Radiation enteropathy is one the most common clinical issue for patients receiving radiotherapy for abdominal/pelvic tumors which severely affect the quality of life of cancer patients due to dysplastic lesions (ischemia, ulcer, or fibrosis) that aggravate the radiation damage. Herein, this study demonstrated the prophylactic role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a powerful antioxidant, against radiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal injury. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: group 1 was defined as control, and group 2 was the irradiated group. Read More