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Gastroenterology 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Levels of microRNA 31 (MIR31) are increased in intestinal tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated neoplasias. We investigated the effects of this microRNA on intestinal inflammation by studying mice with colitis.

Methods: We obtained colon biopsy samples from 82 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 79 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 34 healthy individuals (controls) at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Read More

Appl Radiat Isot 2019 Jan 28;146:72-77. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Intestinal injury is common after radiotherapy. We aim to investigate the effects of lactoferrin (Lf) on X-ray-induced intestinal injury in Balb/C mice.

Methods: In assessing animal survival, a total of 40 animals were assigned randomly to 8Gy group, 2 mg Lf+8Gy group, 4 mg Lf+8Gy group, and 6 mg Lf+8Gy group. Read More

Apoptosis 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.

It has been well established that radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is manifested through loss of intestinal crypt stem cells and disruption of the mucosal layers, resulting in diarrhoea, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, infection and mortality. Podophyllotoxin and rutin in combination (G-003M) has been reported to regulate endogenous cellular antioxidant defense systems and inflammatory response. However, the mechanism by which G-003M ameliorates radiation-induced intestinal stem cell (ISC) injury remains unclear. Read More

J Cell Mol Med 2019 Mar 20;23(3):2238-2247. Epub 2019 Jan 20.

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is one of the major side effects in patients receiving radiation therapy. There is no specific treatment for radiation enteritis in the clinic. We designed and synthesized a new compound named XH-105, which is expected to cleave into polyphenol and aminothiol in vivo to mitigate radiation injury. Read More

Mucosal Immunol 2019 Mar 7;12(2):503-517. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Mucosal healing occurs through migration and proliferation of cells within injured epithelium, yet these processes may be inadequate for mucosal healing after significant injury where the mucosa is denuded. We hypothesize that extra-intestinal cells can contribute to mucosal healing after injury to the small and large intestine. We generated parabiotic pairs between wild-type and tdTomato mice, which were then subjected to radiation-induced enteritis and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Read More

Cell Death Discov 2018 18;4:117. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

1Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA.

Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a major cancer treatment modality and an indispensable auxiliary treatment for primary and metastatic cancers, but invariably results in debilitating organ dysfunctions. IR-induced depletion of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus where neurogenesis occurs is considered largely responsible for deficiencies such as learning, memory, and spatial information processing in patients subjected to cranial irradiation. Similarly, IR therapy-induced intestinal injuries such as diarrhea and malabsorption are common side effects in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and are believed to be caused by intestinal stem cell drop out. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Dec 21;20(1). Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.

The radiation-induced damage to the human body is primarily caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after irradiation. Therefore, the removal of the increase of ROS caused by ionizing radiation (IR) has been the focus of research on radiation damage protective agents. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor in human and plays an important role in regulating the body metabolism. Read More

Int J Radiat Biol 2018 Dec 20:1-63. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain.

Purpose: Radiologic accidents or terrorist acts involving radioactive material, as well as radiation exposure in medical or industrial procedures are potential sources of risk for human health. All these risks share a common element, exposure to ionizing radiation. The extent of ionizing radiation injury will depend on a number of independent variables such as dose, type of radiation and tissue, etc. Read More

Exp Cell Res 2019 Feb 14;375(1):42-51. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address:

Protein kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor that possesses pro-survival capability and contributes to cell homeostasis and survival. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) has been recognized as a stem cell marker in intestinal epithelial cells. To determine whether PERK modulates the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, we investigated the effects of PERK knock-down on intestinal Lgr5-positive stem cells in mice. Read More

Cell Host Microbe 2018 12;24(6):833-846.e6

Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Symbionts play an indispensable role in gut homeostasis, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To clarify the role of lactic-acid-producing bacteria (LAB) on intestinal stem-cell (ISC)-mediated epithelial development, we fed mice with LAB-type symbionts such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. Here we show that administration of LAB-type symbionts significantly increased expansion of ISCs, Paneth cells, and goblet cells. Read More

Int J Radiat Biol 2018 Dec 7:1-43. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy.

Purpose: Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury or radiation enteropathy is an imminent risk during radiation therapy of abdominal or pelvic tumors. Despite remarkable technological advancements in image-guided radiation delivery techniques, the risk of intestinal injury after radiotherapy for abdominal or pelvic cancers has not been completely eliminated. The irradiated intestine undergoes varying degrees of adverse structural and functional changes, which can result in transient or long-term complications. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019 Mar 29;103(4):970-976. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin 3, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: Type I interferon (IFN-I) and interleukin (IL)-22 modulate regeneration of the thymus and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) after cytotoxic stress such as irradiation. Radiation-induced damage to thymic tissues and IECs is a crucial aspect during the pathogenesis of inadequate immune reconstitution and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI), respectively. IL-22 and IFN-I reduce the severity of acute GVHD after allo-HSCT with myeloablative TBI. Read More

Radiat Oncol 2018 Dec 3;13(1):237. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.

Background: Neoadjuvant radio- or chemoradiation (nIRT) therapy is the standard treatment for loco-regional advanced rectal cancer patients of the lower or middle third. Currently, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is not the recommended radiation technique even though IMRT has advantages compared to 3D-radiation regarding dose sparing to organs at risk like small bowel and urinary bladder. So far, the benefit of IMRT concerning the anal sphincter complex is not examined. Read More

Med Oncol 2018 Nov 27;36(1). Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Scientific Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

To report toxicity and efficacy outcome of moderately hypofractionated image-guided external-beam radiotherapy in a large series of patients treated for prostate cancer (PCa). Between 10/2006 and 12/2015, 572 T1-T3N0M0 PCa patients received 70.2 Gy in 26 fractions at 2. Read More

Int J Radiat Biol 2018 Nov 26:1-52. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

a Radiation countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department , Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , USA ;

Purpose: Göttingen minipig (G-MP) displays classic gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) following total body irradiation (TBI) at GI doses which are lethal by 10-14 days. In collaboration with BARDA, we are developing a hemi-body/partial body irradiation (PBI) model by exposing only the abdomen and lower extremities to study GI structure/function impairment, natural history of injury and recovery, as well as correlative biomarkers out to 30 days.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four G-MP were exposed to either 12 or 16 Gy (LINAC Elekta); head, forelimbs, and thorax were outside the irradiation field, sparing ∼50% of the bone marrow. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(47):e13328

Department of Gastroenterology, Ji'nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Rationale: Radiation enteritis (RE) is one of the serious complications caused by the radiotherapy and it can occur in any segment of the intestine, including small intestine, colon, and rectum. It can cause a number of serious problems of the intestine, such as chronic ulcers, bleeding, intestinal stenosis, intestinal fistula, and perforation. At present, there is no standard treatment guideline for the RE. Read More

Gastroenterology 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: The intestinal epithelium is maintained by long-lived intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside near the crypt base. Above the ISC zone, there are short-lived progenitors that normally give rise to lineage-specific differentiated cell types but can dedifferentiate into ISCs in certain circumstances. However, the role of epithelial dedifferentiation in cancer development has not been fully elucidated. Read More

Radiat Res 2019 Jan 15;191(1):107-121. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

b   Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

The development of effective biomarkers for detecting the magnitude of radiation exposure and resiliency of host response is crucial to identifying appropriate treatment strategies after radiation exposure. We hypothesized that the gastrointestinal resident bacteria would demonstrate predictable, dose-dependent changes after radiation exposure across two large animal models of acute radiation syndrome. Here, Göttingen minipigs (GMP) (n = 50) and rhesus macaques (n = 48) were exposed to five dose levels (resulting in mortality rates of 33-100% and 25-68. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018 Dec 5;506(4):1052-1058. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30(#), Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China. Electronic address:

As compared with 2D cell line cultures, 3D intestinal organoids are better at maximally recapitulating the physiological features of stem cells in vivo. However, the complex 3D structure is an obstacle which must be objectively and automatically evaluated to assess colony growth and regeneration. Meanwhile, no internal standard currently exists for evaluating the size of heterogeneities in organoids or defining those regenerating colonies. Read More

Immunotherapy 2018 Nov 1;10(15):1325-1336. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.

Aim: To explore whether Paneth cells (PCs) and complement system collaborate in the repair of enteric epithelia during acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).

Methods: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were employed to induce AGI by performing colon ascendens stent surgery, with sham-operated as control. Exogenous C3 treatment was applied at 6-h postsurgery. Read More

Free Radic Biol Med 2019 Jan 21;130:244-255. Epub 2018 Oct 21.

Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China. Electronic address:

Ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury is a catastrophic disease with limited effective therapies. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a potent antioxidant agent, has previously been shown to ameliorate hematopoietic injury in a murine model of total body radiation injury, but its effects on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that administration of DIM not only protects mice against whole abdominal irradiation (WAI)-induced lethality and weight loss but also ameliorates crypt-villus structural and functional injury of the small intestine. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019 Mar 15;103(3):719-727. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

Purpose: To evaluate the acute changes in leukocyte populations after focal irradiation and to assess the role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in acute and late radiation injury.

Methods And Materials: Mice were surgically implanted with a radiopaque marker on the surface of the small intestine. Mice were then imaged with cone beam computed tomography to locate the marker and irradiated with 18 Gy of 5 × 5 mm collimated x-rays onto the marked intestine using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. Read More

Biosci Rep 2018 Dec 13;38(6). Epub 2018 Nov 13.

State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

This study aimed to examine the radioprotective effect of polydatin (PD) on crypt and endothelial cells of the small intestines of C57BL/6 mice that received abdominal irradiation (IR). Mice were treated with 6 MV X-ray (20 Gy) abdominal IR at a dose rate of 200 cGy/min. Thirty minutes before or after IR, mice were intraperitoneally injected with PD. Read More

Lakartidningen 2018 10 9;115. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Goteborgs universitet Institutionen for kliniska vetenskaper - Klinisk cancerepidemiologi, avdelningen för onkologi Goteborg, Sweden Sahlgrenska akademin - Enheten för klinisk cancerepidemiologi Göteborg, Sweden.

Preclinical studies indicate that an optimal diet during pelvic radiotherapy may be able to prevent radiation-induced survivorship diseases that diminish cancer survivors' intestinal health. We do not yet know what this optimal diet might be because scientific studies needed to determine what dietary advice might best be given to patients during treatment. Oncology clinics in Sweden were contacted to determine the nature of dietary advice given to gynaecological and prostate cancer patients at each clinic before, during and after radiotherapy. Read More

J Cell Mol Med 2018 Dec 16;22(12):6357-6367. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China.

LncRNAs have been reported to play an important role in various diseases. However, their role in the radiation-induced intestinal injury is unknown. The goal of the present study was to analyse the potential mechanistic role of lncRNAs in the radiation-induced intestinal injury. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Oct 11;8(1):15122. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, China.

Radiation enteritis is an old but emerging question induced by the application of radiation. However, no effective drugs for radiation enteritis in clinic. In this study, we found that thymoquinone (TQ) could mitigate intestinal damages induced by irradiation. Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018 Dec 4;360:131-140. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China. Electronic address:

Radiation-induced rectal injury is closely related with radiotherapy efficiency. Here, we investigated the effect of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in radiation-induced rectal injury. Peripheral blood samples of patients with rectal cancer were collected prior to radiotherapy. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Oct 2;10(10). Epub 2018 Oct 2.

UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London (UCL), Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.

Radiotherapy has played a major role in both the curative and palliative treatment of cancer patients for decades. However, its toxic effect to the surrounding normal healthy tissue remains a major drawback. In cases of intra-abdominal and/or pelvic malignancy, healthy bowel is inevitably included in the radiation field, causing undesirable consequences that subsequently manifest as radiation-induced bowel injury, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Read More

J Radiat Res 2019 Jan;60(1):7-16

Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.

Radiation-induced acute intestinal injury after abdominal and pelvic irradiation is a common and serious problem in the clinical setting. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), a 33-amino acid peptide, exerts diverse effects related to the regulation of gastrointestinal growth and function. However, GLP-2 is relatively unstable in vivo. Read More

Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018 Nov;48(11):988-994

Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul.

Objectives: High-dose pelvic radiotherapy (RT) is known to be associated with chronic radiation proctitis (RP). However, the effects of intermediate radiation doses are unknown. We assessed the incidence of late clinical RP among patients with rectal cancer receiving intermediate-dose postoperative RT, as well as the role of early endoscopic abnormalities in predicting RP development. Read More

JCI Insight 2018 Sep 20;3(18). Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Paneth cells contribute to small intestinal homeostasis by secreting antimicrobial peptides and constituting the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche. Certain T cell-mediated enteropathies are characterized by extensive Paneth cell depletion coincident with mucosal destruction and dysbiosis. In this study, mechanisms of intestinal crypt injury have been investigated by characterizing responses of mouse intestinal organoids (enteroids) in coculture with mouse T lymphocytes. Read More

Dis Colon Rectum 2018 Oct;61(10):1135-1140

Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Med Hypotheses 2018 Oct 29;119:37-40. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China. Electronic address:

Radiation-induced enteritis is one of the most common complications in patients under radiotherapy at abdominal or pelvic cavity. Up to 50% of patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy has been reported radiation-induced acute enteritis, and half of them developed chronic enteritis. Overproduction of free radicals, activation of inflammatory pathways and vascular endothelial dysfunction were considered as the primary mechanisms of radiation-induced enteritis. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018 4;2018:3920147. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.

Background: Radiation-induced intestinal injury is one of the side effects in patients receiving radiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of XH-103 on radiation-induced small intestinal injury and to explore its mechanism.

Methods: C57BL/6N mice were irradiated and treated with XH-103. Read More

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 09 8;3(9):644-653. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by episodes of relapse and periods of remission. However, the clinical features, such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and rectal bleeding, are not specific. Therefore, the differential diagnosis can include a broad spectrum of inflammatory or infectious diseases that mimic IBD, as well as others that might complicate existing IBD. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2018 Dec 9;129(3):595-599. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Germany.

Background And Purpose: The high plasticity of the intestinal epithelium is maintained by a resilient reserve stem cell population, whose extent and biology are a matter of ongoing debate. The in vivo clonogenic assay (IVCA), presents a well established and efficient analysis of radiation insult to the intestinal crypts. However, we found that inadequate mathematical analysis over the last four decades led to systematic errors and contradictory results in estimates of radio-sensitivity and size of the reserve stem cell pool. Read More

Health Phys 2018 01;114(1):43-57

Development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) for gastrointestinal (GI) injury following acute radiation exposure requires well-characterized models that can assess not only survival but also secondary endpoints, including structural and functional characteristics of GI damage and recovery that ultimately contribute to long-term survival. The authors conducted a pilot study in a hemi-body shielded Göttingen minipig model of radiation-induced GI injury that enables radiation damage to the GI tract to be evaluated and reduces the potential for hemorrhage and/or damage in other more sensitive organ systems. With shielding of the head, chest, and front legs, radiation dose levels of 14 Gy were required to see significant GI-related morbidity, while dose levels of 16 Gy resulted in significant mortality by day 45 post-irradiation. Read More

Cell Signal 2018 Nov 29;51:23-33. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States. Electronic address:

Rapidly proliferating cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and can undergo apoptosis if the oxidative and genotoxic injury exceed the defensive and regenerative capacity of the cell. Our earlier work has established the antiapoptotic action of the growth factor-like lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Activation of the LPA GPCR has been hypothesized to elicit antiapoptotic and regenerative actions of LPA. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2018 Nov 27;226:26-35. Epub 2018 Jul 27.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Euphorbia kansui (EK), a kind of toxic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is used in the treatment of edema, ascites and asthma. EK fry-baked with vinegar (VEK) is regularly used to reduce the toxicity in TCM. Previous studies have confirmed that fry-baking with vinegar could significantly reduce the significant gastrointestinal toxicity of EK. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Jul;21(7):772-778

Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.

Objective: To summarize the application of staged ileostomy and closure operation combined with nutritional support therapy in the treatment of chronic radiation intestinal injury(CRII).

Methods: Clinical data of patients with definite radiation history and pathological diagnosis of CRII receiving treatment at Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who were diagnosed with tumor recurrence during operation or by postoperative pathology were excluded. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2018 15;10(6):1713-1721. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282, China.

Radiotherapy is an important method for cancer treatment but it has serious side-effects at high doses. One of the greatest challenges in radiotherapy is that radiation affects both healthy tissue and cancer tissues. For abdominal or pelvic lesions, the bowel is the most easily injured by irradiation. Read More

Radiat Oncol 2018 Jul 16;13(1):129. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Lee Street, Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.

Background: Brachytherapy (BT) is a vital component of the curative treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. The American Brachytherapy Society has published guidelines for high dose rate (HDR) BT with recommended dose limits. However, recent reports suggest lower doses may be needed to avoid toxicity. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 10;47(6):2558-2568. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Background/aims: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) make up a large class of non-coding RNAs and play important roles in a variety of diseases, including nervous system diseases and cancers. The intestinal epithelium is sensitive to ionizing radiation, radiotherapy of abdominal or pelvic tumors or nuclear accident exposure can lead to high radiation toxicity, which can result in radiation-induced intestinal injury. The goal of this present study was to analyze the potential roles of circRNAs in radiation-induced intestinal injury. Read More

Radiat Oncol 2018 Jul 6;13(1):125. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.

Background: Better knowledge of the dose-toxicity relationship is essential for safe dose escalation to improve local control in cervical cancer radiotherapy. The conventional dose-toxicity model is based on the dose volume histogram, which is the parameter lacking spatial dose information. To overcome this limit, we explore a comprehensive rectal dose-toxicity model based on both dose volume histogram and dose map features for accurate radiation toxicity prediction. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2018 Aug 15;50(8):1375-1380. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 Senate St. Suite 220, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.

Purpose: Radiation-induced ureteral stricture disease poses significant surgical challenges. Ureteral substitution with ileum has long been a versatile option for reconstruction. We evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing ileal ureter replacement for ureteral reconstruction due to radiation-induced ureteral stricture versus other causes. Read More

Rev Invest Clin 2018 ;70(3):126-129

Departments of Clinical Research, Medical Oncology, and Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.

Radiotherapy is a fundamental part of the treatment of pelvic neoplasms. Up to 90% of patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms as a result of acute injury to the small and large intestine, particularly in the mucosa. Radiotherapy leads to atrophy of the intestinal epithelium, acute crypt inflammation, inflammatory infiltration of the epithelium, malabsorption of lactose, and biliary salts as well as alterations in pancreatic enzymes and biliary salts, resulting in the malabsorption syndrome and dysbiosis. Read More

Rev Invest Clin 2018 ;70(3):112-116

General Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.

Mexico has seen an increase in cancer prevalence in its entire population as well as particular age ranges, predominantly the older segment. The most frequently reported pelvic cancers in Mexico are cervical, endometrial, bladder, prostate, rectum, and anal canal. Approximately 80% of the population diagnosed with pelvic cancers present with locally advanced tumors and require concomitant chemoradiotherapy, sequential chemoradiotherapy, or radiotherapy alone. Read More

Radiat Oncol 2018 Jun 25;13(1):119. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

National Institute of Radiological Sciences Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.

Background: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) provides better dose distribution in cancer treatment compared to photons. Additionally, carbon-ion beams provide a higher biological effectiveness, and thus a higher tumor control probability. However, information regarding the dose constraints for organs at risk in C-ion RT is limited. Read More

Gut 2018 Jun 22. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Objective: GG (LGG), a probiotic, given by gavage is radioprotective of the mouse intestine. LGG-induced radioprotection is toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent and is associated with the migration of COX-2+mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the lamina propria of the villus to the lamina propria near the crypt epithelial stem cells. Our goals were to define the mechanism of LGG radioprotection including identification of the TLR2 agonist, and the mechanism of the MSC migration and to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in models relevant to clinical radiation therapy. Read More

Radiat Oncol 2018 Jun 19;13(1):114. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Switzerland.

Background: This is a dosimetric comparative study intended to establish appropriate low-to-intermediate dose-constraints for the rectal wall (R) in the context of a randomized phase-II trial on urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer. The effect of plan optimization on low-to-intermediate R dose and the potential benefit of an endorectal balloon (ERB) are investigated.

Methods: Ten prostate cancer patients, simulated with and without an ERB, were planned to receive 36. Read More