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Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022 Jul;56(2):338-339

Digestive Disease Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022 May 27;15(6). Epub 2022 May 27.

Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Hookworm infections cause a neglected tropical disease (NTD) affecting ~740 million people worldwide, principally those living in disadvantaged communities. Infections can cause high morbidity due to their impact on nutrient uptake and their need to feed on host blood, resulting in a loss of iron and protein, which can lead to severe anaemia and impaired cognitive development in children. Currently, only one drug, albendazole is efficient to treat hookworm infection and the scientific community fears the rise of resistant strains. Read More

United European Gastroenterol J 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

The majority of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) experiences food-related symptoms, which are associated with high symptom burden, reduced quality of life, increased healthcare consumption and reduced intake of certain nutrients. In this review we aimed to describe a clinically useful approach for physicians, by presenting the latest progress in knowledge and its translation to management in IBS patients with food-related symptoms, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. The research tools currently available that can be used in the future for a better characterization of this subgroup of patients are also discussed. Read More

Frontline Gastroenterol 2022 20;13(4):316-324. Epub 2021 Aug 20.

Gastroenterology, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder associated with a high morbidity and mortality, however, there is a lack of dedicated training for healthcare professionals outside of mental health specialities. There has been a reported increase in acute admissions of patients with AN, which may have been precipitated by the isolation and loss of support networks created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight that AN can present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms relating to both the hollow and solid organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract some of which may even be life threatening. Read More

J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are common conditions in community and clinical practice. As specialized enteroendocrine cells, enterochromaffin (EC) cells produce up to 95% of total body serotonin and coordinate luminal and basolateral communication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. EC cells affect a broad range of gut physiological processes, such as motility, absorption, secretion, chemo/mechanosensation, and pathologies, including visceral hypersensitivity, immune dysfunction, and impaired gastrointestinal barrier function. Read More

Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022 Jun 18. Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.

The enteric nervous system, a major subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, is known for its neurochemical heterogeneity and complexity. The myenteric plexus, one of its two principal components, primarily controls peristalsis and its dysfunction may lead to a number of gastrointestinal motility disorders. The myenteric neurons have been described to use a wide variety of neurotransmitters although no evidence has been reported for the existence of adrenergic neurons in the hindgut. Read More

Soft Robot 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Soft gastric simulators are the latest gastric models designed to imitate gastrointestinal (GI) functions in actual physiological conditions. They are used in tests for examining the drug and food behaviors in the GI tract. As the main motility function of the GI tract, the peristalsis can be altered in some gastric disorders, for example, by being delayed or accelerated. Read More

J Sci Food Agric 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Dietary fiber (DF) is a carbohydrate from the edible part of plants and has the functions of promoting gastrointestinal motility, regulating gut microbiota (GM), and improving health. Lead (Pb) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the environment over time and enter the body through the respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Lead not only causes disturbances in GM, but also leads to loss of homeostasis of immune functions, causes neuronal damage and results in neuroinflammation. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Associate Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Int J Gen Med 2022 8;15:5513-5531. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Center of Advanced Researches in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology/Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "V Babes", Timisoara, Romania.

Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is more commonly presented in aged people.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the insights of metabolic performance of bacterial species from gut microbiota as well as the clinical background in middle-aged and elderly patients with GSD.

Patients And Methods: This is an observational study concerning 120 research participants. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022 Jun 14:e14418. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Background: Disorders of gastric function are highly prevalent, but diagnosis often remains symptom-based and inconclusive. Body surface gastric mapping is an emerging diagnostic solution, but current approaches lack scalability and are cumbersome and clinically impractical. We present a novel scalable system for non-invasively mapping gastric electrophysiology in high-resolution (HR) at the body surface. Read More

Z Gastroenterol 2022 Jun 13. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department for Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.

Purpose: A few studies suggest that hormones play a role in the motility of the lower esophagus, but data is rare. In this prospective study we evaluated the correlation between hormones (TSH, fT3, fT4, calcitonin, gastrin, and VIP) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal motility disorders, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods: 100 consecutive patients with reflux symptoms and dysphagia were hospitalized for diagnostic evaluation. Read More

United European Gastroenterol J 2022 Jun 13. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) and functional diarrhoea (FDr) are the two major functional bowel disorders characterized by diarrhoea. In spite of their high prevalence, IBS-D and FDr are associated with major uncertainties, especially regarding their optimal diagnostic work-up and management. A Delphi consensus was performed with experts from 10 European countries who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 31 statements. Read More

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2022 Jun 12;31(2):255-256. Epub 2022 Jun 12.

Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Academic Hospital Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.

Int J Med Sci 2022 21;19(5):941-951. Epub 2022 May 21.

Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.

Grape seed is an important natural bioactive product with various health benefits. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study investigated the effects of grape seed powder (GSP) on ICC properties and GI motility. Read More

Pharmacol Res 2022 07 8;181:106291. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China. Electronic address:

Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a widely used fungal probiotic in treating various digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the specific mechanisms of Sb relieving IBS remain unclear. The abnormal serotonin transporter (SERT) / 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system could cause disordered gastrointestinal sensation and motility, which closely related to IBS pathogenesis. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 10;12(6):e061499. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Surgery, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are the most frequently performed procedures in bariatric surgery. In patients with morbid obesity and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), LRYGB is the most accepted procedure. For patients with a contraindication for LRYGB or a strong preference for LSG, the Nissen-Sleeve procedure may be a viable new option. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2022 Jun;24(6):73-87

Division of Neurogastroenterology/Motility, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Neurogastroenterology and motility is a rapidly evolving subspecialty that encompasses over 33% of gastroenterological disorders, and up to 50% of referrals to gastroenterology practice. It includes common problems such as dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, gas/bloating, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, food intolerance and fecal incontinence Standard diagnostic tests such as endoscopy or imaging are normal in these conditions. To define the underlying mechanism(s)/etiology of these disorders, diagnostic motility tests are often required. Read More

Cell 2022 May 30. Epub 2022 May 30.

Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA; Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA; Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a signal peptide released from enteroendocrine cells of the lower intestine. GLP-1 exerts anorectic and antimotility actions that protect the body against nutrient malabsorption. However, little is known about how intestinal GLP-1 affects distant organs despite rapid enzymatic inactivation. Read More

J Mol Histol 2022 Jun 4. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

College of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) function as pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Acute thoracic trauma is a common and lethal cause of death due to physical trauma caused by traffic accidents. This study aimed to explore the distribution of esophageal ICCs and distribution changes observed after acute thoracic trauma. Read More

Clin Perinatol 2022 06 21;49(2):557-572. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Global Newborn Society (https://www.globalnewbornsociety.org/), Clarksville, MD, USA.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) of infancy is a cause of prolonged morbidity with intolerance to enteral feeding, specialized nutritional needs, and partial/total dependence on parenteral nutrition. These infants can benefit from individualized nutritional strategies to support and enhance the process of intestinal adaptation. Early introduction of enteral feeds during the period of intestinal adaptation is crucial, even though the enteral feedings may need to be supplemented with an effective, safe, and nutritionally adequate parenteral nutritional regimen. Read More

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

As a prerequisite for serotonin secretion, the P-STS ileal enterochromaffin cell line responds to acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation with an increase in intracellular calcium mediated by the muscarinic ACh receptor M3 (M3R). Histamine increases intracellular calcium via histamine H1 receptor (H1R) in P-STS cells and pre-incubation with histamine specifically augments the response to ACh, but not to epinephrine or nicotine. We aimed here to elucidate whether histamine receptors are involved in this synergism. Read More

Food Res Int 2022 Jun 27;156:111291. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two distinct diseases: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process. The mechanisms by which diseases develop are still unknown, but it is known that it results from a complex interaction between genetic variability, the host's immune system, and environmental factors. Read More

J Psychosom Res 2022 Aug 4;159:110809. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) negatively influences mental and physical quality of life (QoL), but factors that explain this impact are still unclear. Increasing evidence has associated IBS severity, psychological distress, somatic symptoms, and gastrointestinal (GI)-specific anxiety with QoL in IBS. The aim of this study is to further explore these associations and to analyze potential mediating factors. Read More

Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022 05;38(3):299-306

St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Small bowel dysmotility is common in the context of neurological disorders. Overlooking it can have an adverse impact on patient's quality of life and neurological outcomes. This review focuses on describing the mechanisms and effects of enteric dysmotility in neurological patients and providing treatment options. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.

Objectives: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion syndrome and has a multi-systemic presentation including gastrointestinal features that have not yet been fully described. Read More

J Pharmacol Sci 2022 Jul 21;149(3):100-107. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders,710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address:

HS is a well-known relaxant regulator in muscle contraction but little attention has been paid to its excitatory effect on colonic motility. To investigate the excitation of HS on rat colonic contraction and the underlying mechanism, the muscle contractile activity was assessed by an organ bath system, the level of substance P (SP) in the colon was detected using enzyme immunoassay kits, L-type Ca channel currents (I) and large conductance Ca-activated K channel currents (I) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were measured by patch-clamp electrophysiology. The results show that the HS donor NaHS (100 μM) reversed the relaxation of the NO donor SNP on colonic muscle contraction. Read More

J Cell Mol Med 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Studies have shown that SQLE is highly expressed in a variety of tumours and promotes tumour progression. However, the role of SQLE in pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been reported. Here, we aim to study the role and molecular mechanism of SQLE in PC. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2022 Aug 27;170:105777. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. Electronic address:

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective death of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurons and includes both motor and non-motor symptoms. While numerous models exist for the study of typical PD motor deficits, fewer exist for non-motor symptoms. Previous studies have shown that a Pitx3 mouse model (aphakia or ak mouse) has specific developmental failure of the dopaminergic neuron population in the SNpc and that it can be used for the study of PD-related gross motor dysfunction as well as cognitive functional deficits. Read More

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022 Jun 30;147(11):696-704. Epub 2022 May 30.

Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Charité Mitte.

The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most complex organ systems of the human body. On the one hand, it forms the absorption surface for nutrients, but on the other hand it is also a barrier for toxins, food components and against up to 10 commensal microorganisms. The complexity of the interplay between absorption, motility and immune functions of the gastrointestinal tract is particularly evident in critically ill patients. Read More