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J Med Food 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

1 Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France.

L. (lemon balm) has been used for decades with symptomatic benefits in patients with digestive disorders. However, very little is known on the effects of on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019 Mar;44(6):1170-1178

Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese medicine Chengdu 611137,China.

Based on metabolomics,the effect of Magnolia officinalis before and after " sweating" on gastrointestinal motility disorder( rat) was compared. To study the mechanism of M. officinalis " sweating" increased the efficacy and reduced the toxicity. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia.

Background: The aim of this study was to systematically review effects of nutrition interventions on outcomes in patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders. There is currently a lack of evidence-based guidelines for nutrition management in this group, likely a result of the rarity of the conditions.

Methods: A systematic review of all study types to evaluate current evidence-based nutrition interventions was performed using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2019 Apr 6;57:183-185. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center, Poissy, France.

Introduction: Bezoars are concretions of foreign indigestible material accumulating in the gastrointestinal tract leading to intraluminal mass formation that impairs the gastrointestinal motility and can lead to gastric obstruction of the small or the large bowel. There are different types of bezoars, named according to the material they are made of. These include phytobezoar, lactobezoar, pharmacobezoar, trichobezoar, and polybezoar. Read More

Acta Biomed 2019 Mar 28;90(4-S):74-78. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica.

Background And Aim Of The Work: There is evidence in adult literature that the enema in the preoperative of thoracic surgery can be dismissed without disadvantage. However, there is a gap of articles about enema in childhood for thoracic surgeries. The aim of the work is  to investigate whether the administration of enema in the preparation for cardiac surgery, the use of different analgosedation drugs and the Extracorporeal Circulation influence the children's intestinal motility in the post-operative period. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Apr 7:e13595. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Background: Nausea frequently co-exists with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and may be linked to a higher disease burden. This study aimed to prospectively compare multisystem symptoms, quality of life, and functioning in FAPDs with and without nausea.

Methods: Adolescents ages 11-18 years fulfilling Rome III criteria for a FAPD were grouped by the presence or absence of chronic nausea. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Apr 2;114:108821. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) has a prebiotic property which improves gut health by selectively stimulating the colonic microbiota. Altering microbiota composition may affect intestinal motility. However, no study has been done to understand the DFO effects on gut motor functions. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2019 Apr;109(4):1051-1063

Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LABGAS).

Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is considered a key player in the neurophysiology of food reward. Animal studies suggest that the ECS stimulates the sensory perception of food, thereby increasing its incentive-motivational and/or hedonic properties and driving consumption, possibly via interactions with metabolic hormones. However, it remains unclear to what extent this can be extrapolated to humans. Read More

Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019 Apr 1;210:6-14. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.

Consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the main sources of human campylobacteriosis, of which Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (C. jejuni) is responsible for approximately 90% of the cases. Read More

PLoS One 2019 4;14(4):e0214273. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the effect of a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM I-2494 (FMP) on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and exhaled H2 and CH4 during a nutrient and lactulose challenge in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: We included 125 patients with IBS (Rome III). Fasted subjects were served a 400ml liquid test meal containing 25g lactulose. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2019 Mar 30:111834. Epub 2019 Mar 30.

Liver & Immunology Research Center, Doonsan Oriental Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176 Street, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Banha-sasim-tang (BST; Hange-shashin-to in Kampo medicine; Banxia xiexin tang in traditional Chinese medicine) is a traditional Chinese harbal medicine that has been commonly used for gastrointestinal disorders.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the pharmacological effects of BST, a standardized herbal drug, on main symptoms of functional dyspepsia including delayed gastric emptying, and underlying mechanisms of action in mouse model.

Methods And Materials: Balb/C mice were pretreated with BST (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, po) or mosapride (3 mg/kg, po) for 3 days, and then treated with loperamide (10 mg/kg, ip) after 19 h fasting. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Mar 25;20(6). Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy.

A complex bidirectional communication system exists between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Initially termed the "gut-brain axis" it is now renamed the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota in maintaining local and systemic homeostasis. Different cellular and molecular pathways act along this axis and strong attention is paid to neuroactive molecules (neurotransmitters, i. Read More

Gastroenterology 2019 Mar 28. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Reduced gastrointestinal (GI) motility is a feature of disorders associated with intestinal dysbiosis and loss of beneficial microbes. It is not clear how consumption of beneficial commensal microbes, marketed as probiotics, affects the enteric nervous system (ENS). We studied the effects of the widely used probiotic and the commensal Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on ENS and GI motility in mice. Read More

Front Neurosci 2019 14;13:195. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.

Most Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction especially the gastroparesis, but its underlying mechanism is not clear. We have previously demonstrated that the neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) project to the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH) and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) receives the neural projection from LH by the means of anterograde and retrograde neural tracing technology. Orexin A (OXA) is predominately expressed in the LH. Read More

Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019 Mar 28:1-14. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

d Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Antispasmodics are a heterogeneous group of drugs that tackle IBS-associated altered bowel habit and abdominal pain. However, some studies have shown their failure to exhibit benefit over placebo. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Mar 27:e13583. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Background: Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the main pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mast cell activation is closely related to visceral hypersensitivity. As a critical molecule of the innate immune system, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may modulate the activation of mast cell. Alleviating effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on visceral hypersensitivity has been proved, whereas, whether the TLR4 and mast cell is involved in this process remains unclear. Read More

Am J Neurodegener Dis 2019 15;8(1):1-15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

QR Pharma 1055 Westlakes Drive, Berwyn PA 19312, USA.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with motor as well as non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal dysfunction. In humans, these precede the motor symptoms by decades. Previously developed and characterized transgenic mice expressing the mutant human α-synuclein gene () (either A53T or A30P), but not the endogenous mouse , serve as models for familial PD. Read More

Chirurg 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Zentrum für onkologische, endokrinologische und minimalinvasive Chirurgie, Donau-Klinikum, Neu-Ulm, Deutschland.

Background: In contrast to the Kausch-Whipple procedure (pancreatoduodenectomy) duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) is associated with tissue sparing and maintenance of the pancreatic metabolic functions.

Aim: According to the results of controlled clinical trials the DPPHR procedure for benign pancreatic neoplasms is associated with low surgery-related complications and maintenance of glucose metabolism and exocrine pancreatic functions. This overview summarizes the clinical results of the use of DPPHR for chronic pancreatitis and benign tumors of the pancreatic head and the status of the clinical evidence of the results. Read More

Microbiome 2019 Mar 21;7(1):45. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA CHS 42-210, MC737818, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7378, USA.

Background And Aims: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that interactions among the brain, gut, and microbiota may affect the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). As disruptions in central and peripheral serotonergic signaling pathways have been found in patients with IBS, we explored the hypothesis that the abundance of serotonin-modulating microbes of the order Clostridiales is associated with functional connectivity of somatosensory brain regions and gastrointestinal (GI) sensorimotor function.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of 65 patients with IBS and 21 healthy individuals (controls) recruited from 2011 through 2013 at a secondary/tertiary care outpatient clinic in Sweden. Read More

Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Mar 21:1-11. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

b Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.

Introduction: The utilization of high-resolution manometry (HRM) has enhanced our understanding and assessment of esophageal motor disorders. Moreover, the combination of impedance technology with HRM (HRIM) has further improved our knowledge of esophageal physiology and the clinical evaluation of dysmotility, thanks to the addition of accurate measurement of bolus transit. Areas covered. Read More

Digestion 2019 Mar 19:1-12. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,

Background: Rikkunshito has been used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Rikkunshito, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on the pacemaker potentials of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from the small intestines of mice.

Methods: We isolated ICCs from the small intestines of mice, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record the pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs and membrane currents. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Deglutology, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Objectives: To characterize esophageal motility and esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) function in infants who underwent repair of an isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (iCDH).

Methods: High Resolution Manometry with impedance was used to investigate esophageal motility and EGJ function after diaphragmatic repair in 12 infants with iCDH (11 left-sided; 9 patch repair). They had esophageal motility studies during neonatal admission (n = 12), at 6 months (n = 10) and at 12 months of life (n = 7). Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019 Mar 18;21(4):15. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The goal of the present review is to explore the relationship between dietary changes and alterations in gut microbiota that contribute to disorders of gut motility and obesity.

Recent Findings: We review the microbiota changes that are seen in obesity, diarrhea, and constipation and look at potential mechanisms of how dysbiosis can predispose to these. We find that microbial metabolites, particularly short chain fatty acids, can lead to signaling changes in the host enterocytes. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2019 Mar;25(10):1185-1196

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.

There is overwhelming evidence that functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are associated with specific mechanisms that constitute important targets for personalized treatment. There are specific mechanisms in patients presenting with functional upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGI Sx). Among patients with UGI Sx, approximately equal proportions (25%) of patients have delayed gastric emptying (GE), reduced gastric accommodation (GA), both impaired GE and GA, or neither, presumably due to increased gastric or duodenal sensitivity. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2019 Mar 1. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Division of Paediatric Surgery, University of stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Background: Hirschsprung disease is a functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract due to the congenital absence of ganglion cells in the intermyenteric plexuses of the distal bowel. Gastrointestinal motility requires intact muscular layers as well as neural network connection to function properly. The Actin G2 gene is the main gene encoding actin gamma 2; a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2019 6;2019:8549187. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Gastrointestinal Motility Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 833 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Over the past few decades, there was an encouraging breakthrough in bridging the gap between advancements in the evolution of diagnosis and treatment towards a better outcome in achalasia. The purpose of this review is to provide updated knowledge on how the current evidence has bridged the gap between advancements in the evolution of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal achalasia. The advent of high-resolution manometry and standardization based on the Chicago classification has increased early recognition of the disease. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2019 1;10:183. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.

Magnolol, as the main active ingredient of Traditional Chinese Medicine, can significantly improve gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMD). In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the mechanism of magnolol improving L-arginine induced GMD in rats. SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and magnolol treated group. Read More

Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Mar 15:1-14. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

a Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.

Introduction: Circadian rhythms regulate much of gastrointestinal physiology including cell proliferation, motility, digestion, absorption, and electrolyte balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms can have adverse consequences including the promotion of and/or exacerbation of a wide variety of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. Areas covered: In this review, we evaluate some of the many gastrointestinal functions that are regulated by circadian rhythms and how dysregulation of these functions may contribute to disease. Read More

J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Apr;25(2):267-275

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA.

Background/aims: Current evidence suggests the presence of motility or functional abnormalities in one area of the gastrointestinal tract increases the likelihood of abnormalities in others. However, the relationship of gastroparesis to chronic constipation (slow transit constipation and dyssynergic defecation) has been incompletely evaluated.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with chronic dyspeptic symptoms and constipation who underwent both a solid gastric emptying scintigraphy and a high-resolution anorectal manometry at our institution since January 2012. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2019 Mar 13;15(1):92. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Avenue. Vasco de Quiroga 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, Mexico.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). During fetal development, ganglion cells of the ENS are derived from neural crest cells that migrate to the bowel. These cells reside principally in two ganglionated plexus: 1) The myenteric plexus, extending from the esophagus to the anus, and 2) submucous plexus, extending from the duodenum to the anus. Read More

Cell Rep 2019 Mar;26(11):2859-2867.e4

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:

The migratory capacity of adaptive CD8αβ T cells dictates their ability to locate target cells and exert cytotoxicity, which is the basis of immune surveillance for the containment of microbes and disease. The small intestine (SI) is the largest mucosal surface and is a primary site of pathogen entrance. Using two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we found that motility of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8αβ T cells in the SI is dynamic and varies with the environmental milieu. Read More

MBio 2019 03 12;10(2). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

infection (CDI) is a toxin-mediated diarrheal disease. Several factors have been identified that influence the production of the two major toxins, TcdA and TcdB, but prior published evidence suggested that additional unknown factors were involved in toxin regulation. Previously, we identified a regulator, RstA, that promotes sporulation and represses motility and toxin production. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Apr;31(4):e13547

Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

The epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in conjunction with the enteric nervous system (ENS) plays an important role in mediating solute absorption and secretion. A dysregulated ionic movement across the epithelium can result in GI diseases that manifest as either watery diarrhea or constipation. Hirschsprung disease is an example of an ENS disorder characterized by absence of enteric ganglia in distal gut resulting in obstructive phenotype. Read More

Curr Dev Nutr 2019 Feb 24;3(2):nzy101. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: A diet low in fermentable carbohydrates, fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is a promising treatment option for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In order to correctly estimate and study the intake of FODMAPs, information about within- and between-subject variations in intakes is needed, but is currently lacking.

Objectives: The aim was to characterize the variation in FODMAP intake among patients with IBS and to calculate how many days of observations are required to capture absolute intakes as well as to rank individuals. Read More

J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 04;25(2):189-204

Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.

The internal anal sphincter (IAS) plays an important role in the maintenance of fecal continence since it generates tone and is responsible for > 70% of resting anal pressure. During normal defecation the IAS relaxes. Historically, tone generation in gastrointestinal muscles was attributed to mechanisms arising directly from smooth muscle cells, ie, myogenic activity. Read More

J Surg Res 2019 Feb 27;239:115-124. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway.

Background: Improvement of lymphadenectomy in right colectomy requires removal of all tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric vessels beneath the pancreatic notch. Short- and long-term bowel motility disorders after D3 extended mesenterectomy with consecutive superior mesenteric plexus transection are studied.

Methods: Patients without pre-existing motility disorders undergoing D3 extended mesenterectomy were examined 3 times using the wireless motility capsule: before, at 3 wk, and 6 mo after surgery. Read More

Life Sci 2019 Apr 27;222:69-77. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

LSUHSC-S, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shreveport, LA, USA; LSUHSC-S, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, USA. Electronic address:

Aim/background: In addition to absorptive disturbances, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) perturb normal contractility of intestinal smooth muscle. Such motility disturbances may reflect both nervous alterations and increased abundance of cytokines (e.g. Read More

BMC Genomics 2019 Feb 28;20(1):163. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.

Background: Altered epigenetic profiles are a feature of intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. DNA methylation studies in these diseases have utilised intestinal mucosal tissue or blood which can be difficult to collect, particularly for large-scale research studies. Saliva is an attractive alternative for epigenetic studies as it is easy to collect and provides high quality methylation profiles. Read More

PLoS One 2019 28;14(2):e0210175. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with altered neuronal regulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and release of norepinephrine (NE). As sympathetic innervation of the GI tract modulates motility, blood flow, and immune function, changes in NE signaling may alter the risk of developing IBD. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the enzyme responsible for NE production, has been suggested to play a critical role in IBD, however the exact mechanism is unknown. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2019 Mar;99(5):301-309

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.

Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress. An organized approach to the evaluation of symptoms fosters trusting therapeutic relationships. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Feb 21:e13555. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with intestinal dysmotility, whose mechanism remains elusive. The endocannabinoid system is emerging as an important modulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility in multiple diseases, but its involvement in IBS is unknown. We aimed to determine whether cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor modulates intestinal motility associated with stress-induced IBS. Read More

Cell Prolif 2019 Feb 22:e12585. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Objectives: The role of p62 in cancer is controversial. Evidence has shown that p62 is upregulated in different cancers and promotes tumour growth, such as in liver cancer and lung cancer. However, a recent study showed that the downregulation of p62 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Read More

Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Jan 8;13(1):37-46. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

a Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID) , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD), defined by the Rome consensus as the presence of functional symptoms originating from the gastroduodenum, is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. FD is subdivided into postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), with meal-related symptoms such as postprandial fullness and early satiation, and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), with meal-unrelated symptoms such as epigastric pain or burning. We used a literature search for a narrative review on the current state of knowledge regarding PDS. Read More

FASEB J 2019 Feb 21:fj201802572R. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder that is prominent in Gulf War veterans. Major unexplained symptoms of GWI include functional gastrointestinal disorders and undiagnosed illnesses, including neurologic disorders. Exposure to the antinerve gas drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is linked to the development of GWI, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Read More

United European Gastroenterol J 2019 Feb 14;7(1):7-20. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction is a complication of opioid therapy, in which constipation is the most common and problematic symptom. However, it is frequently under-recognised and thus effective management is often not instituted despite a number of treatment options.

Objective: The central objective of this study is to provide a summary of the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of opioid-induced constipation and to provide a pragmatic management algorithm for day-to-day clinical practice. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 02 19;15(2):e1007573. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Motility and phagocytosis are key processes that are involved in invasive amoebiasis disease caused by intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Previous studies have reported unconventional myosins to play significant role in membrane based motility as well as endocytic processes. EhMyosin IB is the only unconventional myosin present in E. Read More

Cell Tissue Res 2019 Feb 18. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.

Diabetic patients suffer from gastrointestinal disorders associated with dysmotility, enteric neuropathy and dysbiosis of gut microbiota; however, gender differences are not fully known. Previous studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HFD) causes type two diabetes (T2D) in male mice after 4-8 weeks but only does so in female mice after 16 weeks. This study seeks to determine whether sex influences the development of intestinal dysmotility, enteric neuropathy and dysbiosis in mice fed HFD. Read More

Chem Sci 2019 Jan 9;10(4):1219-1226. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

State Key Laboratory of Virology , Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) , Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China . Email:

Near-infrared II fluorescence imaging holds great promise for imaging and imaging-guided surgery with deep penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution. However, most NIR-II aromatic luminophores suffer from the notorious aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect in the aqueous solution, which largely hinders their biomedical application . In this study, the first NIR-II organic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophore (), encapsulated as nanoparticles ( dots) for biomedical imaging, was designed and synthesized. Read More

Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2018 ;11(Suppl 1):S32-S38

Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) Iranian patients.

Background: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common cause of NCCP, which accounts for about one third of cases.

Methods: This was a descriptive study on consecutive NCCP patients who referred to the gastroenterology clinic at the Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2015 to 2017. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 1;10:84. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

CONACYT-IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.

is a Gram positive, sporulated, rod-shape, anaerobic pathogen responsible for nosocomial diarrhea and colitis, mainly in antibiotic treated patients. produce two toxins responsible for disease, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), although not all strains produce them. Non-toxigenic (NTCD) strains are able to colonize the intestinal mucosa and are often isolated from asymptomatic individuals. Read More