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Int J Psychol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

School of Vocational Education, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China.

This study investigated the relationship between the process of forgiveness and depressive symptoms in China. A total of 116 college students who had experienced an interpersonal transgression "within the past week" were selected to perform the tracking measurements at 2-week intervals. Cross-lagged models showed that the victim's depressive symptoms were related to increasing revenge and avoidance motivations as well as decreased benevolence motivation; however, the revenge, avoidance, and benevolence motivations of the victims did not predict subsequent changes in depressive symptoms. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Psychology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA.

Prior research based on conceptual metaphor theory has explored how metaphorical language subtly influences how people perceive social issues. For instance, rhetoric comparing a perceived problem to a disease has been used historically to generate support for a wide array of measures proposed to "treat" the problem, and recent experimental work demonstrates the efficacy of this approach. The current paper extends this literature by looking at the use of disease metaphor in a novel domain: student perceptions of plagiarism on campus. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway.

Problem behaviour in schools may have detrimental effects both on students' well-being and academic achievement. A large literature has consistently found that school-wide positive behaviour support (SWPBS) successfully addresses social and behavioural problems. In this paper, we used population-wide longitudinal register data for all Norwegian primary schools and a difference-in-difference (DiD) design to evaluate effects of SWPBS on a number of primary and secondary outcomes, including indicators of externalising behaviour, school well-being, pull-out instruction, and academic achievement. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Education, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea.

The post-traumatic growth (PTG) model proposes that cognitive processing is a key mechanism that leads to growth in the aftermath of traumatic events. Building upon the PTG model, the present study examined the paths from the disruption of core beliefs to post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and PTG via intrusive and deliberate rumination. The sample includes 370 Korean undergraduate students who reported at least one highly stressful experience in their lifetime. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

This study examined the conceptualisation of Singaporean and Chinese parents' emotion socialisation in childhood and the relation to adolescents' emotion regulation with 601 adolescents aged 12-15. For both Singaporean and Chinese parents, we examined the factorial structure underlying six parental reactions to children's negative emotions, and the relations between the established factors with adolescents' cognitive reappraisal and response suppression. The findings revealed differences in the conceptualisation of parental reactions for Singaporean and Chinese parents, with the three- and four-factor models indicating good fit, respectively. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Prior research in Western countries (mostly the US, Canada and northern Europe) indicates that mothers' representations are associated with mother-infant interaction quality and their child's attachment security later in the first year. Fewer studies, however, have evaluated whether these associations hold for mother-infant dyads in other countries, such as Brazil and Portugal. Although these countries share a similar language and culture, they differ on societal dimensions that may affect parenting attitudes and mother-infant relationships, such as economic stress, social organisation, social policy, and the availability of services for young families. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Communication, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

This study tests the effectiveness of public health initiatives aimed at reducing the adverse effects of exposure to thin images in advertising on women's body satisfaction. Using an online experiment with 195 Israeli adult women, we test the effects of message factors that are expected to influence body satisfaction-the model's body size, and the presence and size of disclaimers. Compared with advertisements featuring a thin model, exposure to an average sized model was indirectly and positively associated with body size satisfaction, through the perception of the model's body size. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The evidence-based movement (EBM) is grounded in a well-intentioned desire to ensure resources are invested in high quality initiatives that generate the intended impact. Nevertheless, recent critiques contest the appropriateness of translating an approach rooted in a medical model to socially complex initiatives. Globalised notions of evidence can also be damaging for programs operating in small, culturally diverse countries with limited resources. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

We investigated whether (a) depression prevention was associated with depressive symptoms and medial-frontal alpha asymmetry in adolescents; (b) alpha asymmetry mediated the association between participation in a prevention program and depressive symptoms; and (c) gender affects these associations. In our randomised control group study, we compared a universal prevention program (n = 40 adolescents, 14 females) with a non-intervention control condition (n = 39 adolescents, 20 females) in German secondary school students (mean age: 13.53 years, SD = 0. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Our study examined the effects of mortality salience (MS) on attitudes toward state control in different domains in Russia. Using the theory of Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition (CMSC) and the Terror Management Theory (TMT), we put forward two alternative hypotheses. Based on the CMSC, MS would enhance the approval of state control in different spheres, while, in line with TMT, the MS effect would be dependent on pre-existing views. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.

A recent evolutionary theory of female sexual fluidity suggests that women may not have sexual orientations in the same sense that men do, and that women's apparent sexual orientation may instead be a byproduct of their sociosexual orientation. One developmental factor that has consistently been shown to influence sociosexual orientation is father absence in childhood. Consistent with the prediction of the theory, the analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data show that father absence significantly increases women's, but not men's, same-sex sexuality in adulthood, whether it is measured by self identity, sexual behaviour, or romantic attraction. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

This 1-year longitudinal study examined relations between maternal power-assertive parenting and children's social, academic and psychological adjustment in China. Participants were 316 elementary school children (mean age = 11 years, 153 boys). Maternal power-assertive parenting was assessed using children's self-reports. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Centro Interdisciplinario de Posgrados, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.

This investigation examined the role of mindsets in team trust after a major loss. It is proposed that individuals can believe that personal characteristics are fixed and that there is not much one can do about it (a fixed mindset) or that personal characteristics are malleable and that one can improve (a growth mindset). The participants, self-identified football fans, were shown a picture of a major loss experienced by the Mexican national team and then answered questions that assessed the participants' team trust, intention to provide future support, and mindsets. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.

This study examined effortful control and its relations to personality, parenting and well-being in a community sample of Russian preschool children (N = 365, 46% girls) using parent-reported effortful control scale from the very short form of the children's behaviour questionnaire, the inventory of child individual differences-short version, the Alabama parenting questionnaire-preschool revision, the self-reporting questionnaire, and parent and teacher reports on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. The findings confirmed the four-factor structure of effortful control, including inhibitory control, attentional control, low-intensity pleasure and perceptual sensitivity. Girls demonstrated higher scores than boys on effortful control, perceptual sensitivity, inhibitory control and low-intensity pleasure. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Anxiety is highly prevalent in pre-adolescent children. Distorted cognitions are characteristic for dysfunctional levels of anxiety. However, applying cognitive elements in pre-adolescent children cannot be fully ascertained, as it is not until adolescence before children can apply logical and abstract reasoning in a sophisticated manner. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

People with low statistical numeracy have difficulties understanding numerical information. For instance, they often misunderstand the probability of experiencing side effects, which could reduce adherence to medical treatments. We investigated whether presenting information about probability using a method based on the direct experience of events influences the accuracy of probability estimates compared to viewing a static numerical description of the same information. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Educational Leadership Doctoral Program, Edgewood College, Madison, WI, USA.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate adolescent bystanders' willingness to help and specific help responses as predicted by both individual characteristics (e.g., gender, empathy, victimisation experiences) and situation-specific characteristics (i. Read More

Int J Psychol 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland.

This study examines factors related to willingness to host refugees. We examined the role of national attitudes (patriotism, nationalism), out-group attitudes (classic and modern prejudice), and zero-sum thinking: Belief in a Zero-Sum Game and psychological entitlement in attitudes towards hosting refugees. We proposed including zero-sum thinking as possible mediator between national attitudes and attitudes towards refugees based on assumption that nationalism is a competitive attitude towards out-groups, while patriotism does not. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

The research examines possible differences in the mutual reinforcement (i.e. multiplicative) effect between intrinsic and instrumental motivation on academic performance across different cultures. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

According to the terror management theory, people tend to favour their worldview and in-group members after being reminded of death (i.e., mortality salience [MS] effect). Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec;53 Suppl 2:72-80

Development and Culture, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.

Immigrant parents encounter educational approaches in the host country that differ from what they know and expect from institutional childcare. With our study we would like to contribute to the understanding of these differences. We collected information concerning developmental goals and educational strategies from 151 mothers with children between 0 and 6 years, differing in level of education and ethnic background (German, Turkish, and Russian) and from 36 childcare teachers also of different ethnic origin (German, Turkish, and Russian). Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec;53 Suppl 2:34-43

Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.

In the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, a large number of indigenous Maya people have relocated from their villages to an urban centre where many families, especially mothers and children, work as street vendors. We were interested in the typical cultural expectations for the development of Maya girls, the ways that these expected patterns were interrupted by street work, and the ways that girls and families dealt with this novel situation. In order to provide a more complete picture, we compared the daily experiences of girls who work on the street with those of their male counterparts and with the routines of girls who lived in traditional, rural settings. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 12;53 Suppl 2:1-2

Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec;53 Suppl 2:64-71

Education Department, Alksom Regional Council, Israel.

The literature describes a mismatch between the core concepts of salutogenesis, or sense of coherence (SOC), meaning manageability and comprehensibility, as these concepts are manifested in research with Western populations, as compared to non-Western populations. The overall objective of this study is to explore this mismatch and to understand how the core concept of salutogenesis is manifested in youth ages 14-16 from the indigenous Bedouin ethnic minority culture of the Negev, Israel, in their own terms through arts-based qualitative methods. The research methods revolved 80 drawings and texts by youth who drew "a good day that went bad - and how [I] fixed it" as well as focus groups. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 26. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

We examined whether regulatory fit effects are asymmetric-namely, whether they occur only among individuals with a promotion focus or a prevention focus. We adopted a task where individuals make moral judgments of other-oriented lies and conducted three studies. The results indicated that prevention-focused individuals judged other-oriented lies based on a vigilant strategy as more moral than lies based on an eager strategy (Studies 1 and 2). Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.

The Just World Hypothesis states that people need to believe in a just world in which they get what they deserve and deserve what they get. This study examines the longitudinal associations between personal belief in a just world (BJW), the belief that events in one's own life are just and teacher justice in different status groups. It is posited that the more individuals believe in a personal just world, the more they feel they are treated justly by others, and this should be particularly true for students with a low-status background. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.

Sleep problems are highly prevalent among school-attending youth, and impact on school performance and outcomes. Sleep-competing behaviours are likely factors in the inadequate sleep time and related functional outcomes observed in this population. We examined a range of sleep-competing behaviours and their associations with sleep variables in Australian school-attending youth. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Using the family stress model as our conceptual framework, we explored whether observed maternal parenting practices (positive and coercive) account for the associations between mothers' post-traumatic stress symptoms and children's externalising behaviours. Mothers' self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms, observed maternal practices, and reports of children's externalising behaviour were collected from 123 Israeli mothers and their children, who were exposed to ongoing rocket attacks in southern Israel. A structural equation model revealed that mothers' post-traumatic stress symptoms were linked with greater maternal coercive parenting practices, which in turn were associated with more externalising behaviours in children. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 10;53 Suppl 2:44-53. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Independent Consultant, San Rafael, CA, USA.

Beginning immigrant teachers may experience cross-cultural conflicts because their home cultures may differ in important ways from U.S. school culture. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Studies have shown that repressors tend to respond to self-report tools in a positive fashion which distorts the findings of studies based on questionnaires. The present study aimed to examine the way repressors respond to "Self-relevant" scales (which assess variables related to adaptive self-function) in comparison to "Health-relevant" scales (which assess physical and psychological health). Iranian university students (N = 271) responded to the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (to differentiate between repressors and self-assured individuals), Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, Self-control Scale, Integrative Self-knowledge Scale and Self-compassion Scale (to measure self-relevant variables), Bartone Symptoms checklist and the Depression and Anxiety Subscales of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Subscale (DASS-21) (to measure health-relevant variables). Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada.

We examine how trajectories of marijuana use in Canadian youth (ages 15 to 28) are related to physical health indicators in adolescence and young adulthood. Youth were initially recruited in 2003 (N = 662; 48% male; ages 12 to 18) and followed for six waves. Five trajectories of marijuana use (Abstainers-29%, Occasional users-27%, Decreasers-14%, Increasers-20% and Chronic users-11%) were identified. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 4;53 Suppl 2:13-22. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Campbell Adult and Community Education, San Jose, CA, USA.

Culture fit has been studied in numerous ways conceptually and methodologically, yielding conflicting results. This study explored it in terms of perceived and objective value congruence in relation to both acculturation and socio-cultural adjustment among 187 international students (or internationals, compared to 138 domestic students or locals) in the USA. First, for 9 out of 10 values, internationals' perceptions of U. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Anxiety-related problems are common in childhood and adolescence and, if left untreated, may hold short-term and long-term negative consequences for psychosocial functioning and other domains. In addition to having negative individual-level consequences, anxiety-related problems may have a negative impact at the school level. Because almost all children and adolescents attend school, school plays a significant role in development as a socialisation agent and provides an ideal venue for the delivery of prevention and intervention programs. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Psychological Counseling Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.

Int J Psychol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.

As the discourse around societal cohesion grows and policy makers increasingly turn their attention towards improving cohesion, understanding its role for the lives of individuals becomes ever more important. Our study examines whether the social cohesion of the immediate living context is related to the strength of Big Five personality traits among individuals. Using data from a community survey of 6252 adults living in 30 rural sub-districts in the Kyrgyz Republic, where social cohesion is a sizable policy concern, we conduct a multilevel analysis of the relationship between sub-district cohesion and individual personality. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

We investigated relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions in 180 children, aged 5-6 years old. We examined the potential differences in second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding between children with and without ICs, children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships, as well as children with invisible friends and personified objects. The results revealed that children with ICs had better second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding than children without ICs. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.

High levels of risk perception of terrorism (RPT) may impair an individual's quality of life and welfare. To understand the mechanisms responsible for RPT, this study investigated the association of gender and coping styles with individual differences in two key elements of RPT: perceived control and perceived vulnerability. A convenience sample of 400 Israelis (181 men and 219 women) filled out questionnaires on sociodemographic background, RPT and coping. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Departamento de Economía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca (INMABB, UNS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

We experimentally approach the discursive dilemma to gain insight into people's procedural appropriateness judgments. We relied on a vignette in which three people had formed opinions about two skills (premises) of a candidate to decide whether to hire her/him (conclusion). The dilemma arises when different outcomes (hire vs. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Enhanced interpersonal security has been shown to diminish the desire for money and possessions. In the present study, we focus on attachment security to examine the relationship between attachment security and materialism. By employing the experience in close relationships - short scale and material values scale, we observed a positive relationship between attachment insecurity and materialism in Study 1. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 26. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

The present study examined the role of meaning in life (MIL) in predicting positive affect and future-oriented coping, and whether positive affect mediated the relationship between MIL and future-oriented coping. The participants were 68 Chinese university students who were randomly assigned to two conditions: a MIL priming condition and a control condition. Positive affect was measured before and after the manipulation. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Al-Qasmie College, Baka Al-gharbiyye, Israel.

This study tested the levels and consequences of positive religious coping among a multinational sample of Muslims. The sample consisted of 706 university students recruited in three Muslim countries: Israel/Palestine, Turkey and Malaysia. Participants' average age was 22. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Nursing and Midwifery Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The cognitive theory of depression proposes significant relations between negative thoughts and depression. Evidence for the model has been widely observed in Western countries. However, despite the high prevalence of depression in the Middle East (ME), there has been limited research that has evaluated the cognitive profiles of people living in this region, and especially in non-Arab countries like Iran. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Westfield State University, Department of Social Work, Westfield, MA, USA.

Students in many regions of the world experience corporal punishment in multiple settings, although what is currently known about corporal punishment is derived from parental corporal punishment. Using a convenience sample of 271 teachers in 14 public and private secondary schools in a district in southwestern Nigeria, this article describes the associations between perception, use and support for abolition of corporal punishment. Results suggest that having children, more corporal punishment of own children and higher frequency of corporal punishment by colleagues were associated with frequent use of corporal punishment. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 9. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, China.

The present research investigated the moderating role of diversity beliefs with the aim of reconciling inconsistent findings regarding the impact of group boundary permeability on attitudes toward outgroup. In Study 1, all variables were measured with self-report scales completed by Chinese participants. In Study 2, diversity beliefs were manipulated by randomly assigning Chinese participants to a high or low diversity belief condition. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 5. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Developmental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

The current study investigated differential contributions of internalising symptoms (state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression) to school-age children's verbal short-term (STM) and working memory (WM) span accuracy and efficiency (microanalysis of response times). Children's (N = 125, M  = 11.44 years) STM/WM was assessed with simple/complex span tasks. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Oct 5. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Claudiana - College of Health-Care Professions, Bolzano, Italy.

Cultural differences are likely to affect the ability to deal with anxiety. We investigated this issue among four cultural groups-Germans and Italians (Europeans living in South Tyrol, Italy), Jews and Arabs (Israelis)-in terms of their levels of differentiation of self, trait anxiety and somatic symptoms. We also examined the relationship of differentiation of self to trait anxiety and somatic symptoms. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Sep 27. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Using a sample of young adults, the present study investigated how the participants' attachment to romantic partners was related to that with their parents and peers and how this specific attachment experience was associated with their physiological stress response. We examined 121 pairs of young Chinese (N = 242) heterosexual couples (men's age: 22.26 ± 2. Read More

Int J Psychol 2018 Sep 27. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

The College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.

Previous studies have indicated that temporal concepts such as the past and future are associated with horizontal (left-right) space. This association has been interpreted as reflecting left-to-right writing systems. The Japanese language, however, is written both horizontally and vertically and, when texts are presented vertically, the sequence of columns runs from right to left. Read More