22,481 results match your criteria Insomnia Primary
Drugs R D 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Pharmacovigilance, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan.
Background: We report on the results of a Japanese postmarketing drug-use survey of suvorexant (Belsomra) tablets.
Methods: A survey with a ≤ 6-month observation period after the start of administration was conducted, targeting insomnia patients who were treated with suvorexant for the first time in Japan. Information on the safety and efficacy of the drug product was collected. Read More
Brain Sci 2018 Dec 13;8(12). Epub 2018 Dec 13.
JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ 08820, USA.
Sleep disturbance after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received growing interest in recent years, garnering many publications. Insomnia is highly prevalent within the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population and is a subtle, frequently persistent complaint that often goes undiagnosed. For individuals with mTBI, problems with sleep can compromise the recovery process and impede social reintegration. Read More
Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 28;109:2218-2227. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
The present study was conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit (VBFW) in an animal model and to identify the underlying mechanisms of its action. VBFW exhibited sedative effects through a reduction in the locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT). Read More
J Sleep Res 2018 Dec 13:e12808. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment tends to be low. Brief validated instruments focusing on shared decision making have not been used in a CPAP context. The aim was to investigate factorial structure, categorical functioning of the response scale and differential item functioning across sub-populations of the CollaboRATE and Sure questionnaires among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before CPAP treatment is initiated. Read More
J Sleep Res 2018 Dec 13:e12810. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
Sleep disturbance and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs). There is limited research, however, on the associations between cognitive performance and sleep parameters, age and anxiety. Forty-one patients with ICDs and self-reported sleep disturbance completed 14 days of actigraphy (M = 60. Read More
Dev Med Child Neurol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Down syndrome disintegrative disorder (DSDD) is an increasingly identified condition characterized by cognitive decline, autistic characteristics, insomnia, catatonia, and psychosis in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Previously we reported a higher rate of autoimmune thyroid disease in these patients compared with unaffected individuals with Down syndrome. We therefore hypothesized DSDD may in some cases be immune-mediated. Read More
Brain Behav 2018 Dec 11:e01138. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Background: To study the brain iron deposition and its relationships with cognitive impairment and sleep quality in primary insomnia (PI).
Methods: Thirty-five patients with PI and 35 volunteers underwent MRI scanning using high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence. Bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, parietal cortex, and frontal white matter were selected as regions of interest. Read More
Sleep Breath 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 8b, Box 421, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Background: The relationship between insomnia and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has not been extensively studied. We aimed to assess the independent association between insomnia and CRF in a population-based cohort of subjects aged 50 to 64 years.
Methods: Subjects participating in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS) pilot cohort (n = 603, men 47. Read More
Ther Adv Drug Saf 2018 Dec 29;9(12):675-686. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Epividian, Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
Background: Psychiatric outcomes are common among people living with HIV and may be associated with specific antiretroviral use. We evaluated the occurrence of psychiatric outcomes in patients taking dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens compared with five other core agents.
Methods: Patients in the OPERA database prescribed regimens based on DTG, efavirenz (EFV), raltegravir (RAL), darunavir (DRV), rilpivirine (RPV), or elvitegravir (EVG) for the first time between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 were analyzed. Read More
JMIR Res Protoc 2018 Dec 13;7(12):e11324. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Background: Sleep disturbance in adolescents is common, with up to one-third reporting significant symptoms of insomnia. Research with adults has demonstrated that Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) can improve both sleep and mental health. However, research with adolescents is lacking, and we know little about whether CBTi would have similar effects on this younger population. Read More
JMIR Ment Health 2018 Dec 13;5(4):e12428. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Background: Men with mental health and addictions problems seek information and help from health service providers and community support less often than women with such problems. Online health resources offer men rapid access to self-care recommendations and resources and anonymity; however, only a few websites are specifically developed for men. Headstrong - Taking Things Head-On was a community pharmacy and online health promotion initiative for men living with mental health and addictions problems. Read More
Sleep 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
Exploding head syndrome is a sensory parasomnia characterized by the perception of loud noises and/or a sense of explosion in the head that occurs when transitioning to or from sleep. Despite receiving little attention from both researchers and clinicians, studies suggest that approximately 10%-15% of individuals have episodes, with significant levels of fear occurring in a subset of cases. Using two independent samples, we examine sleep and well-being variables associated with exploding head syndrome. Read More
Pol Arch Intern Med 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Long term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use for insomnia is common and highly prevalent in adults in all care settings. Evidence syntheses suggest that the therapeutics benefits of benzodiazepines for insomnia are marginal and very short term. On the harm side, BZRAs are associated with daytime sedation and confusion. Read More
Cureus 2018 Oct 8;10(10):e3425. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
Psychiatry, Nishtar Medical College & Hospital, Multan, PAK.
Pregabalin is used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, partial seizures, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and insomnia. The discontinuation symptoms of pregabalin are mild to moderate which resolve in about one week after the discontinuation of pregabalin. This case report describes the withdrawal symptoms in a 62-year-old patient despite a slow titration over a period of several weeks. Read More
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Dec;98(46):3773-3777
Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China.
To investigate effects of two anesthesia methods on the first night sleep quality in middle-aged and elderly patients after surgery. This was a prospective study conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. Sixty patients, aged 50-70, undergoing elective surgery for unilateral lower extremity varicose vein at Ningbo No. Read More
J Smok Cessat 2018 Sep 25;13(3):145-153. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1930 Monroe St, Suite 200, Madison, WI USA 53711.
Introduction: The majority of attempts to stop smoking end in failure. One way to improve success may be to explore different combinations of existing cessation medications.
Aims: This observational study examined "triple therapy" (varenicline + nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge) in 36 smokers trying to quit. Read More
Med Arch 2018 Nov;72(5):325-329
Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical of Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Introduction: Patients with drug addiction have high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Effective treatment response is essential to optimize treatment for drug abusers infected by hepatitis C virus.
Aim: The aim of this present study was to show that hepatitis C treatment in patients with drug addiction is effective like patients without drug addiction. Read More
Sleep Med 2018 Oct 2. Epub 2018 Oct 2.
Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
Objective: Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist that is approved in the US, Japan and Australia for the treatment of insomnia. Using outcomes from the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in the core registration studies, we explored suvorexant effects on sleep problems and their impact on daytime function.
Methods: Data were pooled from two similar Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, three-month trials in elderly (≥65 years) and non-elderly (18-64 years old) insomnia patients. Read More
Arq Gastroenterol 2018 Jul-Sep;55(3):290-295
Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Background: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is often delayed because of the lack of an ability to recognize its major clinical manifestations.
Objective: Our study aimed to describe the onset of clinical manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study. Read More
Cureus 2018 Oct 4;10(10):e3412. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
Neurology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Background In multiple studies around the globe, non-motor symptoms (NMS) have been identified as a source of immense disability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a scarcity of data from Asia. This is the first study of the Pakistani population to assess the impact of NMS in PD on patients. Read More
Health Technol Assess 2018 Dec;22(71):1-408
Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Background: It has been estimated that between 25% and 40% of people living with dementia suffer from sleep disturbances, and there are currently no known effective treatments. Sleep disturbances may be the direct result of dementia or due to other comorbidities, such as pain and limited mobility. If carers' sleep is also disturbed, carers too can become tired and stressed, and this sometimes results in the breakdown of care in the home. Read More
Sleep Med Rev 2018 Nov 16;43:96-105. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Germany.
Previous research has identified insomnia as a predictor for the onset of depression. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate whether insomnia also predicts the onset of other mental disorders. Longitudinal studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated insomnia at baseline (including nighttime- and daytime-symptoms) as a predictor of the later onset of psychopathology within a follow-up time-frame of at least 12 mo. Read More
CNS Drugs 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Background: Walking impairment is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). It affects > 90% of individuals over time, reducing independence and negatively impacting health-related quality of life, productivity, and daily activities. Walking impairment is consistently reported as one of the most distressing impairments by individuals with MS. Read More
Sleep 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
AfaSci Research Laboratories, Redwood City, California, USA.
Study Objectives: A major challenge in treating insomnia is to find effective medicines with fewer side effects. Activation of G-protein-gated inward rectifying K+ channels (GIRKs) by GABAB agonists baclofen or γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) promotes non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and consolidates sleep. However, baclofen has poor brain penetration, GHB possesses abuse liability, and in rodents both drugs cause spike-wave discharges (SWDs), an absence seizure activity. Read More
Front Neurosci 2018 23;12:860. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Primary insomnia (PI) is the second most common mental disorder. However, the topologic alterations in structural brain connectome in patients with PI remain largely unknown. A total of 44 PI patients and 46 age-, gender-, and education level matched healthy control (HC) participants were recruited in this study. Read More
J Med Internet Res 2018 Dec 7;20(12):e10124. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Sleep and Behavioral Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Background: Although evidence-based cognitive behavioral sleep treatments have been shown to be safe and effective, these treatments have limited scalability. Mobile health tools can address this scalability challenge. iREST, or interactive Resilience Enhancing Sleep Tactics, is a mobile health platform designed to provide a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) in the assessment, monitoring, and delivery of evidence-based sleep recommendations in a scalable and personalized manner. Read More
Sleep Med 2018 Oct 25;54:101-112. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Introduction: Clinical research and studies using animal models have revealed a complex and relatively under-explored interaction between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and alterations in sleep-wake behaviors.
Objectives: To utilize a structured naturalistic observation-based methodology, consisting of descriptive elements, to provide insight into possible links between altered sleep and disruptive daytime presentations in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). To apply a similar structured behavioral observation protocol in a PAE animal model to compare outcomes from the experimental and clinical studies utilizing naturalistic observational methodology. Read More
Int Immunopharmacol 2018 Dec 6;67:13-21. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Provincial Key Lab. of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College of Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China. Electronic address:
Helicid (4-formylphenyl-β-D-allopyranoside) is a bioactive constituent of Helicid nilgirica Bedd that has been used in Chinese traditional herbal medicine to treat headache, insomnia, and depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are unclear. We have now investigated the effect of helicid on depression-related behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and have also explored possible underlying mechanisms that involve neurotrophin expression. Read More
Sleep Med 2018 Oct 29;54:86-93. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Introduction: Both guided online and individual face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) are effective in improving insomnia symptoms and sleep efficiency. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms generating this effect. The present study tests the assumption that pre-sleep arousal, sleep-related worry and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep are mediators in the effect of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia. Read More
Sleep Med 2018 Oct 25;54:53-61. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. Electronic address:
Objectives: We evaluated whether insomnia symptoms and short or long sleep duration, alone or in combination, are robustly associated with subsequent trajectory of mental health symptoms.
Methods: Participants were 2598 individuals (15 to 94 years of age) with elevated mental health symptoms at baseline (2013-14). Associations of baseline insomnia symptoms and sleep duration with two-year trajectory of mental health were estimated and adjusted for multiple potential confounders. Read More
Sleep Med Rev 2018 Nov 11;43:71-83. Epub 2018 Nov 11.
Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia; School of Psychology, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the strength of evidence for a relationship between risk of mortality and frequent and ongoing insomnia using a meta-analytic strategy. Seventeen studies, including a total of 36,938,981 individuals followed up for a mean of 11.6 y, reporting the investigation of the association between mortality and frequent (≥3 nights/wk), ongoing (≥1 mo) insomnia were identified. Read More
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Neurociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:
Objectives: To describe the association between sleep duration and weight-height development in children and adolescents.
Source Of Data: A non-systematic search in the MEDLINE database was performed using the terms anthropometry, body composition, overweight, obesity, body mass index, growth, length, short stature, sleep, children, and infants and adolescents, limited to the last 5 years. The references cited in the revised articles were also reviewed, when relevant. Read More
PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0207392. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Sanbo Brain Institute, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Background: Insomnia is one of the main symptoms of sleep disorders. Previous studies have suggested that alcohol intake is associated with several adverse health outcomes. The association between alcohol consumption and insomnia has been addressed in several studies with different results. Read More
Sleep 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Study Objectives: We aimed to detect cross-sectional phenotype and polygenic risk score (PRS) associations between sleep duration and prevalent diseases using the Partners Biobank, a hospital-based cohort study linking electronic medical record (EMR) with genetic information.
Methods: Disease prevalence was determined from EMR, and sleep duration was self-reported. A PRS for sleep duration was derived using 78 previously associated SNPs from GWAS for self-reported sleep duration. Read More
Sleep 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow.
Study Objectives: Insomnia in cancer patients is prevalent, persistent and confers risk for physical and psychological disorder. We must better understand how insomnia develops in cancer patients and explore the main contributors to its chronicity so that insomnia management protocols can be integrated more effectively within cancer care. This study monitors the etiology of insomnia in breast cancer patients and identifies risk factors for its persistence. Read More
Pharmacogenomics 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
Department of Pediatrics, USF Health South Tampa Center for Advanced Healthcare, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
Clonazepam undergoes nitroreduction to 7-amino-clonazepam via CYP3A4/5, followed by acetylation to 7-acetamido-clonazepam via N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) enzyme. While no pharmacological activity is attributed to the metabolites of clonazepam, 7-amino-clonazepam has some affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor as a partial agonist for the gamma aminobutyric acid-A receptor and can compete with clonazepam. Interindividual variability in the incidence of adverse events in patients may, in part, be attributable to differences in clonazepam metabolism. Read More
J Clin Sleep Med 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
J Clin Sleep Med 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Study Objectives: To investigate the association between non-apnea sleep disorders (NSD) and subsequent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) risk.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2013. We established an NSD group (n = 24,624) and an age-, sex- and index year-matched comparison group (n = 98,496). Read More
J Clin Sleep Med 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Study Objectives: We aimed to determine the association between short telomere length, sleep parameters, and sleep disorders in an adult general population sample.
Methods: As part of the EPISONO cohort (São Paulo, Brazil), 925 individuals answered questionnaires, underwent a full-night polysomnography and clinical assessment, and had peripheral blood collected for DNA extraction. Insomnia was diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; and obstructive sleep apnea was defined according to apnea-hypopnea index. Read More
J Clin Sleep Med 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Study Objectives: We investigated the interaction between objective sleep disturbance and obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and lung dysfunction and whether it is negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness.
Methods: In this community cohort study of 521 men (age 46.6 ± 7. Read More
Sleep Med 2018 Oct 4;53:115-123. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
Introduction: Given conflicting data in the literature, the aim of this study was to examine the risk of high blood pressure (HBP) associated with sleep alterations, measured during polysomnography, and long-term use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in a large sample of individuals with insomnia.
Methods: Demographic and polysomnographic data from 1272 individuals with insomnia recruited from the research database of the sleep laboratory of Erasme Hospital were analyzed. HBP status was defined by the presence of one of the following: self-report at interview of either a physician's diagnosis or taking antihypertensive medication; or an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg at the medical examination. Read More
J Thorac Oncol 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center Mainz, Germany.
Introduction: The objective was to assess quality of life (QoL) in lung cancer survivors, compare it to the general population, and identify factors associated with global QoL, physical functioning, emotional functioning, fatigue, pain, and dyspnea.
Methods: Data from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had survived ≥1 year after diagnosis were collected cross-sectionally in a multicenter study. QoL was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the lung cancer module QLQ-LC13 across different clinical subgroups and compared to age- and gender-standardized general population reference values. Read More
Nurs Forum 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Department of Mental Health, Gerontology and Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Objectives: Sleep deprivation can cause serious physical and mental problems. Although sleep deprivation among adolescents is not a new phenomenon, this problem has recently gained more attention due to the frequent use of smartphones. This study aimed to explain the correlations among family support, academic stress, social network site (SNS) use, and insomnia in adolescents. Read More
Crit Care Nurs Q 2019 Jan/Mar;42(1):75-80
Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Maan, Jordan (Dr Bani Younis); Faculty of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (Dr Hayajneh); and Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan (Dr Batiha).
The general goal of this review is to summarize, clarify, and evaluate what is known about patients' sleep in the intensive care units (ICUs) in terms of sleep measurement and management. In addition, this review focuses on the gap in knowledge in this field. A review of online databases for relevant articles in the period between 2000 and 2017 was conducted. Read More
Neurol Sci 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Objectives: This study investigated to identify the clinical significance of allodynia compared with other sensory hypersensitivities (SH) in migraine patients.
Methods: New patients with migraine were recruited from a headache clinic, and we collected data regarding their clinical characteristics and identified SH including photophobia, phonophobia, osmophobia, and allodynia. The patients completed the 12-item Allodynia Symptom Checklist, Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire Version 2. Read More
Front Psychiatry 2018 16;9:590. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
The D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The psychological and psychiatric literature has seldom appreciated the clinical fact that fears of ghosts and kindred supernatural worries may be a cause of intense discomfort, poor sleep, and socio-occupational impairment. In the present article, this claim is illustrated by the clinical features of six patients who developed intense anxiety when they had to sleep alone at night. The fears were first noticed in childhood and persisted into adolescence and adulthood. Read More