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Parasit Vectors 2019 Apr 11;12(1):163. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, CEP 28013-602, Brazil.

Background: The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is a candidate for the integrated management of the disease vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Metarhizium anisopliae is pathogenic and virulent against Ae. aegypti larvae; however, its half-life is short without employing adjuvants. Read More

Front Public Health 2019 5;7:27. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Department of Medical Entomology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious diseases in eastern Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of cutaneous leishmaniasis across a 10-year period in the Hamadan province. This study was considered necessary due to the lack of new information in recent years on the epidemiology of the disease. Read More

Environ Toxicol 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.

Deltamethrin (DEL) and other synthetic repellents like N,N-diethyl benzamide (DEB), N,N-diethyl phenylacetamide (DEPA), and N,N-diethyl meta toluamide (DEET) are widely used due their high efficacy against mosquitoes. We evaluated the safe dose on exposure to insecticide and insect repellent individually and in combination in Wistar rats. Rats were administrated with individual chemicals DEL, DEB, DEPA, and DEET and in combination of DEL along DEB, DEPA, and DEET. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2019 Mar 12;12(1):89. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

UMR MIVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.

Background: Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae has led to the search for not only alternative insecticides, but also repellent chemical compounds. However, little is known about the potential actions of repellents and the cross-resistance risk between insecticide and repellent compounds.

Methods: Here we show the action of permethrin, DEET, geraniol, carvacrol, culminaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde against three A. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 11;9(1):4055. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.

Olfaction is a key component of the multimodal approach used by mosquitoes to target and feed on humans, spreading various diseases. Current repellents have drawbacks, necessitating development of more effective agents. In addition to variable odorant specificity subunits, all insect odorant receptors (ORs) contain a conserved odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) subunit which is an attractive target for repellent development. Read More

Pest Manag Sci 2019 Mar 4. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan.

Background: One of the roles of plant trichomes is thought to be reducing feeding damage from herbivores. Among trichomes, glandular trichomes play a role in chemical defense systems in plants by means of stored biologically active phytochemicals. These phytochemicals act as pest repellents. Read More

Ann Parasitol 2018;64(4):351-360

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, Iran

Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils of Zingiber officinale and Eucalyptus globulus against Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 as a wide-distributed species of mosquitoes in different parts of world with an important role in transmission of infectious organisms and agent were studied. Essential oils were extracted from fresh parts of plants and different concentrations of 250 μl/ml, 500 μl/ml, 750 μl/ml and 1 (undiluted extract) were prepared for each of essential oils. Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils against adult form of Culex theileri Theobald mosquitoes, collected from small pools located near the Zayande-Rood River in the Saman city, Iran, were examined via direct exposure method and Y-tube olfactometer bioassay, respectively. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 6;9(1):1524. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.

There is an increased need for improved and affordable insect repellents to reduce transmission of rapidly spreading diseases with high mortality rates. Natural products are often used when DEET cannot be afforded or accessed and when consumers choose not to use a synthetic repellent. The essential oils from two newly bred Nepeta cataria (catnip) plants representing two different chemotypes and their respective isolated nepetalactone isomers were evaluated as mosquito repellents against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit the Zika and Dengue virus in a one choice landing rate inhibition assay. Read More

Food Chem 2019 Jun 5;282:36-47. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.

Current work presents a modified QuEChERS method for the determination of 207 pesticide residues in honey by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Acetate buffered acetonitrile extraction with Z-Sep+ and PSA dispersive-SPE clean-up were used for sample preparation. Optimised conditions allows determination of neonicotinoids as well as other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides, growth regulators and veterinary drugs in honey samples. Read More

Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018 Oct 12;151:40-46. Epub 2018 Aug 12.

Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0009, USA. Electronic address:

This project focused on the design, synthesis, and testing of trifluoromethylphenyl amides (TFMPAs) as potential mosquitocides and repellents. Fourteen compounds were evaluated for toxicity against larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti. Several compounds were toxic against Aedes aegypti (larval, adult and feeding bioassays) and Drosophila melanogaster (glass-surface contact assay), but were much less toxic than fipronil, with toxicity ratios ranging from 100-fold in the larval assay to 100,000-fold for topical application to adult insects. Read More

Se Pu 2019 Jan;37(1):2-7

Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China.

A method was established for the determination of amitraz (AMZ), and its metabolites semiamitraz (DMPF), 2,4-dimethylformamidine (DMF) and 2,4-dimethylaniline (DMA) in vegetables and fruits by using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The samples were diluted with 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide and extracted with -hexane-isopropanol (2:1, v/v). Read More

Parasit Vectors 2019 Jan 23;12(1):52. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Background: Vector-borne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Effective, convenient prevention methods are needed. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated (LLPI) clothing can prevent tick bites, however, additional information is needed on the real-world effectiveness and safety of this preventative measure. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Apr 4;221:324-332. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.

Acute and chronic toxicity of the formamidine pesticide amitraz to the midge Chironomus riparius was assessed using conventional ecotoxicological tests and biochemical approaches (biomarkers). Amitraz is mainly used as an ectoparasiticide in veterinary medicine, but also in agriculture and apiculture. However, information of amitraz toxicity to non-target invertebrates is limited. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Apr 11;171:564-570. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address:

The environmental spatial distribution and exposure risk of 6 phthalate esters (PAEs) including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), in surface water and sediment of Taihu Lake basin, China, were investigated at 65 sites. The exposure concentrations of 6 PAEs (∑6PAEs) detected in the samples spanned a range of 0.740-13. Read More

Molecules 2019 Jan 9;24(2). Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico.

The market trend for pitaya is increasing, although the preservation of the quality of this fruit after the harvest is challenging due to microbial decay, dehydration, and oxidation. In this work, the application of antimicrobial chitosan-based coatings achieved successful postharvest preservation of pitaya () during storage at 10 ± 2 °C with a relative humidity of 80 ± 5%. The solution of cross-linked chitosan with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with entrapped Neem oil (16 g·L) displayed the best postharvest fruit characteristics. Read More

Pest Manag Sci 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Background: Mosquitoes are hematophagous insects of major public health concern, serving as vectors of many diseases. Available products for personal protection against mosquitoes lack adequate efficacy and in most cases need to be reapplied or replaced frequently. In recent years, the encapsulation of the active repellents in various matrices has arisen as an alternative method for the development of new-generation repellent systems. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Feb 6;26(6):5873-5884. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in beverages may enter the human body by ingestion and thus may represent a potential health risk. In this study, phthalates, bisphenol A, and its analogues, parabens, benzophenone-type UV filters, and triclosan (TCS) were analyzed in beverage samples (n = 116) collected from local markets in Guangzhou, South China. Twelve of 30 target compounds were found in > 50% samples, and for the first time, TCS was found in a majority of beverages from China (~ 80%). Read More

Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol Winter 2018;67(3):129-133

Objectives: In the Czech Republic, autochtonous transmission of mosquito borne diseases is not common; however, the need for personal protection should not be underestimated. Many people still rely on homemade repellents utilizing recipes based on local folk wisdom that are published annually in local Czech media. Despite minimal disease risk, nuisance biting and potential allergic responses make it essential to evaluate the chemical composition, effect, and duration of four homemade repellents often used and determine the necessity for public health education on application and use of alternative repellent products. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Mar 29;169:807-813. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, NO.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address:

In this work, the essential oils (EO) were extracted from seven typical Chinese herbs, and their repellent and contact toxicities against Tribolium castaneum adults (red flour beetles) were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the above EOs presented the various levels of repellent and contact toxicities. The EOs extracted from A. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2019 Mar 19;232:236-243. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The neem tree (Azadirachta indica A.Juss), of the Meliaceae family, has been used in India for millennia in traditional medicine. Parts of the tree are used to treat problems with the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and hair; to combat infections of smallpox and plasmodium; and to treat ulcers, diabetes, blood pressure, headache, and heartburn. Read More

Biomed Chromatogr 2019 Apr 4;33(4):e4477. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

In this study, a reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method coupled with an easy, fast and effective sample pretreatment procedure was developed for simultaneous determination of amitraz, chlordimeform, formetanate and their metabolites in human blood. With the procedures of protein precipitation and a phospholipid-removal step, the endogenous compound interference was significantly reduced, and matrix effects were significantly reduced. The linear ranges of matrix-matched standard curves were from 0. Read More

J Econ Entomol 2019 Mar;112(2):997-1000

Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN)-UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET, San Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The global resurgence of the bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) and the widespread resistance of this insect to pyrethroid insecticides have created the need to find alternatives to chemical control. Thus, synthetic or natural repellents have been considered as a suitable choice to control bed bug infestations. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Dec 17;11(1):661. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Background: Protecting people outdoors against mosquito-borne diseases is a major challenge. Here we compared commercially available personal protection methods to identify the most effective method for outdoor use in northern Lao PDR.

Methods: From June to August 2016 the protective efficacy of treatments were compared in a secondary forest during the afternoon and a village during the evening. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 14;18(1):663. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: To combat emerging drug resistance in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) the World Health Organization and GMS countries have committed to eliminating malaria in the region by 2030. The overall approach includes providing universal access to diagnosis and treatment of malaria, and sustainable preventive measures, including vector control. Topical repellents are an intervention that can be used to target residual malaria transmission not covered by long lasting insecticide nets and indoor residual spraying. Read More

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019 Jan 23;65:40-45. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Zoetis, Inc., Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA.

Amitraz is an acaricide and insecticide widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Although central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is one of major toxicities following oral ingestion of amitraz, the understanding of the cause of the toxicity is limited. This study evaluated the systemic and brain exposure of amitraz and its major metabolites, BTS27271, 2',4'-formoxylidide, and 2,4-dimethylaniline following administration of amitraz in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Read More

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Dec 17;61:16-23. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address:

The aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of the fly repellent deltamethrin on the full microbiological profile of the intramammary infections as well as on the somatic cell count in one Greek dairy cattle farm under intensive management, during peak fly season. Fifty five multiparous cows, stabled in the same farm, were randomly divided in three groups; cows of Group A were dressed on their back with deltamethrin, cows of Group B remained untreated within the same pen and cows of Group C remained untreated in a separate pen. Clinical records of the herd showed a history of clinical and subclinical mastitis (especially during spring and early summer) and fly infestation. Read More

Chem Biodivers 2019 Feb 31;16(2):e1800498. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.

Zanthoxylum limoncello is a native plant from southern Mexico which is used as a timber source, condiment and as a traditional medicine. Herein, we report on the volatile content of the leaf essential oil and its biological activities. The annual essential oils (2015-2018) contained volatile organic compounds which exhibited a moderate growth inhibitory activity against H. Read More

Food Funct 2018 Dec;9(12):6643-6651

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common human autoimmune disease. A petroleum ether extract of Eugenia aquea (E. aquea) was analyzed by GC/MS. Read More

Anal Bioanal Chem 2019 Jan 28;411(3):669-678. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.

Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used replacements for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, but the extent of human exposure is largely unknown. On the other hand, based on urinary concentrations of DEET metabolites, human exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) appears to be widespread. We developed a fast online solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to measure in 200 μL of human urine the concentrations of six neonicotinoid biomarkers (acetamiprid, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, thiacloprid), and two DEET biomarkers (3-diethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid, 3-ethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid). Read More

Malar J 2018 Nov 26;17(1):437. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

GearJump Technologies, LLC, P.O. Box 1600, Boston, MA, 02446, USA.

Background: The emergence of mosquitoes that can avoid indoor-deployed interventions, such as treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, threatens the mainstay of malaria control in Zambia. Furthermore, the requirement for high coverage of these tools poses operational challenges. Spatial repellents are being assessed to supplement these vector control tools, but limitations exist in the residual effect of the repellent and the need for external power or heat for diffusion of the volatiles. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2019 Mar 22;231:386-393. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: A folk herb Adenosma buchneroides found in the previous ethnobotanical investigation plays an important role as an insect repellent among the Aini people in southwest of China, but the active compounds responsible for repellent activity of the plant have not yet been investigated.

Aim Of The Study: The main purpose of the study is to identify the active components of the essential oil which responsible for its repellent activity against Aedes albopictus to support the usage of the plant as mosquito repellent by Aini people. In addition, to supply a class of potential alternatives characterized carvacrol analogues to develop natural repellent products. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2019 Jan 12;206:81-90. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.

Phthalate esters (PAEs), one class of the most frequently detected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in marine environment, have aroused wide public concerns because of their carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. However, the environmental fate of PAEs in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms remains unclear. In this research, four PAEs with different alkyl chains, i. Read More

J Food Sci 2018 Dec 20;83(12):3035-3043. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Dept. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea Univ., Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.

A multifunctional film with insect-repellent and antimicrobial activities was developed. Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f. Read More

Prev Med Rep 2019 Mar 13;13:16-22. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

EPPI-Centre, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK.

Lyme disease (LD) is an infection transferred to humans through bites from infected ticks. Surveillance indicates that the number of LD cases is increasing in the UK, therefore, improved knowledge about reducing transmission from ticks to humans is needed. Eighteen electronic databases were searched and additional web-based searching was conducted, to locate empirical research, published from 2002 onwards. Read More

Med Vet Entomol 2019 03 18;33(1):99-109. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

A 2-year longitudinal study of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies against Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandfly saliva was performed in 32 Beagle dogs treated preventively with an imidacloprid-permethrin topical insecticide in an endemic area in Spain. Dogs were grouped into three sandfly exposure groups according to the time of inclusion in the study. Assays analysed immunoglobulin G (IgG) against salivary gland homogenates (SGH) of both species and recombinant P. Read More

Plant Cell Rep 2019 Jan 15;38(1):101-116. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.

Key Message: Analysis of terpenoids content, transcriptome from Chamaemelum nobile showed that the content of the terpenoids in the roots was the highest and key genes involved in the terpenoids synthesis pathway were identified. Chamaemelum nobile is a widely used herbaceous medicinal plant rich in volatile oils, mainly composed of terpenoids. It is widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other fields. Read More

J Oleo Sci 2018 Dec 15;67(12):1571-1577. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University.

In this work, we investigated insecticidal and repellent activities of the essential oils extracted from Ajania nitida and Ajania nematoloba against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne adults. The components of essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The main components of A. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Jan 13;26(2):1406-1413. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.

The natural and ecologically safe control of stored product insects has gained considerable attention in modern society. In this study of further searching for botanical pesticides from wild-growing plant, the contact toxicity and repellency towards Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila were assessed for the essential oil (EO) from Ostericum viridiflorum. The EO was distilled from aboveground parts of O. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2018 Dec 21;66(48):12855-12865. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) , Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina.

Essential oils from six species of aromatic plants collected in the Catamarca Province of Argentina were evaluated for their chemical composition and repellent and insecticidal activities against beetles of the genus Carpophilus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Oryzaephilus (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) that infest the local walnut production. Experimental data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, with normal distribution and the identity link function. From the spectral information from the tested essential oils, we worked their molecular modeling as mixtures by developing mixture descriptors ( D) that combined the molecular descriptor of each component in the mixture ( d ) and its relative concentration ( x ), i. Read More

Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2018 12 26;103:46-52. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address:

Rhodnius prolixus is one of the most important vectors of Chagas disease in Central and South America for which repellents and attractants are sorely needed. Repellents like DEET, picaridin, and IR3535 are widely used as the first line of defense against mosquitoes and other vectors, but they are ineffective against R. prolixus. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Dermatology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School at Houston. Electronic address:

Malaria, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Dengue fever, and Lyme disease are common causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. While arthropod bites may cause local inflammation and discomfort, a greater concern is the potential to develop deadly systemic infection. The use of insect repellents (IR) to prevent systemic infections constitutes a fundamental public health effort. Read More

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2019 Jan 2;100(1):e21509. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China.

Botanical pesticides play increasingly important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the insecticidal effects, specifically the repellent action and contact toxicity, of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive (EOC) against Plutella xylostella larvae were confirmed. The mechanisms of repellent's action were studied using electroantennograms (EAGs), and the effects on glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), and acetyl cholinesterase were investigated after EOC treatments. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 Nov 28;263:10-17. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.

The best preventive strategy for canine leishmaniasis is, to date, unknown. In the last few years, new preventive measures have become available in Europe, including vaccination against leishmaniasis and the use of domperidone. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the different preventive measures available against leishmaniasis in client-owned dogs. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 2;2018:6860271. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, Chungnam 31537, Republic of Korea.

The development of effective and safe repellents against arthropods is very important, because there are no effective vaccines against arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and parasites. Arboviruses and parasites are transmitted to humans from arthropods, and mosquitoes are the most common arthropods associated with dengue, malaria, and yellow fever. Enormous efforts have been made to develop effective repellents against arthropods, and thus far synthetic repellents have been widely used. Read More

Biol Lett 2018 Oct 31;14(10). Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA.

In the face of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks, effective mosquito control is a primary goal for public health. Insect repellents, containing active compounds such as DEET and picaridin, are a first defence against biting insects. Owing to widespread use and incomplete sewage treatment, these compounds are frequently detected in surface waters, but their effects on aquatic taxa such as mosquito larvae or their naturally occurring aquatic predators are poorly understood. Read More

Molecules 2018 Oct 30;23(11). Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.

To highlight the importance of the spices in the Mediterranean diet, the aim of the paper was to study the essential oil compositions and to clarify the potential differences in the biological activities of the three cardamom species. In the study, we compared the phytochemical profiles and biological activities of essential oils from , and . The oils were analyzed using the GC and GC/MS techniques and were mainly constituted of the oxygenated monoterpenes which represents 71. Read More

PLoS One 2018 31;13(10):e0206594. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Matricaria discoidea DC. (Asteraceae) has documented use as an insect repellent by Blackfoot Indians and other indigenous groups of North America. This investigation was conducted to evaluate this practice and systematically identify chemical constituents responsible for any insect repelling effect by utilizing a mosquito (Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)) biting deterrent bioactivity-directed purification approach. Read More

Malar J 2018 Oct 29;17(1):397. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

Background: Behaviour changes in mosquitoes from indoor to outdoor biting result in continuing risk of malaria from outdoor activities, including routine household activities and occasional social and cultural practices and gatherings. This study aimed to identify the range of social and cultural gatherings conducted outdoors and their associated risks for mosquito bites.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in the Kilombero Valley from November 2015 to March 2016. Read More

Molecules 2018 Oct 27;23(11). Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil.

K. Schum (Sterculiaceae), commonly known in Brazil as 'pitó', is traditionally used by indigenous peoples as insecticides and repellents. The present work reports on the the phytoconstituents from aerial parts of and evaluation of the larvicidal potential of its extract. Read More

Food Chem 2019 Feb 13;274:61-70. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, 04120 Almería, Spain.

There is an increasing concern about the negative impacts of veterinary drugs in beehive compartments. This study evaluates the presence and distribution of chemical residues in beeswax, bee bread and honey and determinates in what extension honeybees are exposed to them. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS with a wide scope of 322 chemical residues. Read More