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Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

University of Alcalá, Analytical Chemistry and Chem. Ing., Ctra Madrid-Barcelona km 33,600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, SPAIN.

CdS quantum dots/C60 tubular micromotors with chemical/multi-light-controlled propulsion and "on-the-fly" acceleration capabilities are described. "In-situ" growth of CdS quantum dots on the outer fullerene layer impart them with light-responsive properties in connection to inner Pt, Pd or MnO2 layers. This is the first time that visible-light is used to drive bubble propelled tubular micromotors. Read More

PLoS Comput Biol 2018 Dec 6;14(12):e1006606. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.

In this paper, we present a novel Bayesian adaptive dual controller (ADC) for autonomously programming deep brain stimulation devices. We evaluated the Bayesian ADC's performance in the context of reducing beta power in a computational model of Parkinson's disease, in which it was tasked with finding the set of stimulation parameters which optimally reduced beta power as fast as possible. Here, the Bayesian ADC has dual goals: (a) to minimize beta power by exploiting the best parameters found so far, and (b) to explore the space to find better parameters, thus allowing for better control in the future. Read More

Clin Anat 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.

The field of stem cell biology is exciting because it provides researchers and clinicians with seemingly unlimited applications for treating many human diseases. Stem cells are a renewable source of pluripotent cells that can differentiate into nearly all human cell types. In this article we focus particularly on human embryonic stem (hES) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and cultured for expansion while remaining undifferentiated, to explore their unique molecular personalities and clinical applications. Read More

FEBS J 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia, 3010.

The mechanisms that underpin the formation, growth and composition of otoliths, the biomineralized stones in the inner ear of fish, are largely unknown, as only a few fish inner ear proteins have been reported. Using a partial transcriptome for the inner ear of black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri), in conjunction with proteomic data, we discovered hundreds of previously unknown proteins in the otolith. This allowed us to develop hypotheses to explain the mechanisms of inorganic material supply and daily formation of growth bands. Read More

J Hypertens 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Clinical Pharmacology Research Unit (CPRU), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami.

Objectives: Acute severe hypertension is a common problem among inner-city ethnic minority populations. Nevertheless, the effects of currently employed treatment regimens on blood pressure have not been determined in a clinical practice setting. We determined the SBP responses to acute antihypertensive drug protocols and the 2-year natural history of patients presenting with severe hypertension. Read More

Ther Apher Dial 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Urology & Key Laboratory of Tianjin, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

Background: The wall shear stress (WSS) as a mechanical stimuli to venous wall has a significant role in neointimal hyperplasia of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF), which is often related to the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) has the function of promoting VSMCs proliferation and migration. Our study is to detect that the correlation between WSS, TGF-β1, VSMCs proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. Read More

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

RWTH Aachen, Institure of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, GERMANY.

Visible-light induced, palladium catalyzed alkylations of α,β-unsaturated acids with unactivated alkyl bromides are described. A variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides are activated by the photoexcited palladium metal catalyst to provide a series of olefins at room temperature under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest that a photoinduced inner-sphere mechanism is operative in which a barrierless, single electron oxidative addition of the alkyl halide to Pd(0) is key for the efficient transformation. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

The effects and mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the development of sepsis-induced lung injury is not well understood. In our present study, we studied the mtDNA effects in sepsis-induced lung injury model, in vitro and in vivo. Compared with the Normal group, the lung histopathological score, the number of positive apoptosis cell, wet/dry (W/D) ratio and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and mtDNA groups were significantly increased (P < 0. Read More

Med Phys 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-0904.

Purpose: We are developing a computerized segmentation tool for the inner and outer bladder wall as a part of an image analysis pipeline for CT urography (CTU).

Materials And Methods: A data set of 172 CTU cases was collected retrospectively with IRB approval. The data set was randomly split into two independent sets of training (81 cases) and testing (92 cases) which were manually outlined for both the inner and outer wall. Read More

J Comp Neurol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.

Class III Semaphorin (Sema) secreted ligands are known to repel neurites expressing Neuropilin (Nrp) and/or Plexin (Plxn) receptors. There is, however, a growing body of literature supporting that Sema signaling also has alternative roles in development such as synaptogenesis, boundary formation and vasculogenesis. To evaluate these options during inner ear development, we used in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry to map the expression of Sema3D, Sema3F, Nrp1, Nrp2, and PlxnA1 in the chicken (Gallus gallus) inner ear from embryonic day (E)5 to E10. Read More

J Membr Biol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, 10, Petroverigsky Street, Moscow, Russia, 101990.

ABCA1, ABCG1 transporters, and SR-B1 receptor are the major proteins involved in cholesterol efflux from cells. We superposed in silico the location of putative cholesterol (Chol)-binding motifs CRAC/CARC and CCM in human ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 with (1) transmembrane protein topology, (2) a profile of structural order of protein, and (3) with an influence of single amino acid substitutions on protein structure and function. ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 molecules contain 50, 19, and 13 Chol-binding motifs, respectively, that are localized either in membrane helices, or at membrane-water interface, or in water-exposed protein regions. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam/Golm, Germany.

The monolayers of N-alkanoyl substituted threonine amphiphiles, similar to those of other N-alkanoyl-substituted amino acid amphiphiles, point to substantial differences in the main characteristics compared to usual amphiphilic monolayers. π-A measurements of the enantiomeric and racemic forms of N-alkanoyl-substituted threonine monolayers with C16 and C18 chain lengths reveal that, independent of the alkyl chain length, all compression curves are located above the corresponding decompression curves. A theoretical model developed for the kinetics of two-dimensional condensation of Langmuir monolayers can describe this behavior concluding the attachment of monomers to large aggregates. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018 Nov 30;7(6):18. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Carver College of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Purpose: We correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal layer thickness measurements with histology in wild-type and retinal degenerative pigs.

Methods: OCT scans were obtained using the Bioptigen Envisu R2200. In normal pigs, three eyes were imaged in vivo, and three eyes were imaged after enucleation. Read More

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2018 Sep-Dec;12(3):646-652. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Surgery Department, Bengkayang District General Hospital, Bengkayang, Indonesia.

The finding of a vermiform appendix in the case of an inguinal hernia that extends below the midpoint of the inner thigh when the patient is in a standing position is defined as giant left-sided Amyand's hernia. It is a very rare case and significantly challenging in terms of preoperative diagnosis and surgical management. Here we present our experience with a case of a giant left-sided Amyand's hernia that was followed up for 2 months. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA.

Objective: To explore the structural differences between X-linked retinoschisis (XLR) and stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: A case series of two patients, a 9-year-old male with XLR and a 58-year-old woman with SNIFR were imaged with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA; PLEX Elite 900, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, CA). Automated segmentation was manually adjusted to include the areas of retinoschisis within en face flow and structural slabs. Read More

Nature 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

In Figs. 1e and 2g of this Letter, the labels 'actin' and 'VGLUT3', respectively, should have been in red instead of green font. This has been corrected online. Read More

Nature 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan.

Jawed vertebrates have inner ears with three semicircular canals, the presence of which has been used as a key to understanding evolutionary relationships. Ostracoderms, the jawless stem gnathostomes, had only two canals and lacked the lateral canal. Lampreys, which are modern cyclostomes, are generally thought to possess two semicircular canals whereas the hagfishes-which are also cyclostomes-have only a single canal, which used to be regarded as a more primitive trait. Read More

J Hum Hypertens 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) belong to the family of mitochondrial transporter proteins and mediate regulated proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The UCPs play an important role in energy homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and have been established as candidate genes for obesity, diabetes and hypertension. This study examined the possible association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UCP1-3 genes and essential hypertension (EH) in a northeastern Han Chinese population. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

To study the molecular basis for thermophilic β-mannanase of glycoside hydrolase family 5, two β-mannanases, TlMan5A and PMan5A, from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and Penicillium sp. WN1 were used as models. The four residues, His112 and Phe113 located near the antiparallel β-sheet at the barrel bottom and Leu375 and Ala408 from loop 7 and loop 8 of PMan5A, were inferred to be key thermostability contributors through module substitution, truncation, and site-directed mutagenesis. Read More

J Clin Med 2018 Dec 4;7(12). Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea.

We aimed to compare the diagnostic yield between temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) and internal auditory canal MRI (IAC MRI) for the etiologic diagnosis of children with congenital single-sided deafness (SSD) and the evaluation of cochlear implant (CI) candidacy. In the original cohort, 24 subjects with congenital SSD were enrolled and underwent both TBCT and IAC MRI. We recruited an additional 22 consecutive infants with congenital SSD (the supplementary cohort) and evaluated in particular the cochlear nerve (CN) integrity using IAC MRI. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2018 Dec 4;7(12). Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell group, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore 169856, Singapore.

The inner layer of the cornea, the corneal endothelium, is post-mitotic and unable to regenerate if damaged. The corneal endothelium is one of the most transplanted tissues in the body. Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the leading indication for corneal endothelial transplantation. Read More

An Acad Bras Cienc 2014 Jun;86(2):555-570

Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, ES, Brasil.

Understading the hydrodynamic behavior and suspended particulated matter (SPM) transport are of great importance in port regions such as Vitória Harbor, which is located at Vitória Bay, Vitória - ES, Brazil. Vitória Bay is an estuary that has not been systematically assessed through a temporal analysis in order to identify its hydrodynamics characteristics and SPM exchange. This study aims to investigate salt and suspended particulate matter flux at the estuarine mouth of Vitória Bay by understanding the temporal variation of salinity, temperature and tidal currents within the water column and at the channel crosssection. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: This study compared two fluorescence parameters (fluorescence loss [ΔF] and red fluorescence gain [ΔR]) among three generations of quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) systems with the aim of determining the validities of these parameters in the three devices for differentiating the severity of enamel caries.

Methods: Forty-one extracted human premolars and molars with suspected enamel caries were selected. Fluorescence images of all teeth were obtained using first-, second-, and third-generation QLF systems (Inspektor Pro, QLF-D, and Qraycam, respectively). Read More

IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Automated analysis of vascular imaging techniques is limited by the inability to precisely determine arterial borders. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers unprecedented detail of artery wall structure and composition, but does not provide consistent visibility of the outer border of the vessel due to limited penetration depth. Existing interpolation and surface fitting methods prove insufficient to accurately fill the gaps between the irregularly-spaced and sometimes unreliably-identified visible segments of the vessel outer border. Read More

Mult Scler 2018 Dec 3:1352458518815597. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Background:: The role of retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessing individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) remains largely unexplored.

Objective:: To assess retinal layer thicknesses in RIS and examine their associations with clinical features suggestive of increased risk for conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:: A total of 30 RIS subjects and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent retinal imaging with spectral-domain OCT, followed by automated segmentation of retinal layers. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Embryo manipulations may cause the misexpression of various genes, most of which play critical roles in the regulation of implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of embryo biopsy on the expression of miR-Let-7a and its gene targets including ErbB4, Tgf-α, Itg-αv, Itg β3 on the implantation of mouse embryo. Embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization followed by blastomere biopsy at the eight-cell stage. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine Clinic, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil.

The purpose of this work was to determine a radiographic standard of normality for lateral and medial ungulae in 3-year-old bovine females of the Nellore breed. Twenty-six cows underwent radiographic exposure of the medial and lateral ungulae of the hindlimbs and forelimbs; abaxioaxial projections were used. The images were analyzed; distances were measured between the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx and the surface of the hoof capsule. Read More

J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Kindred Biosciences, Inc., Burlingame, California.

Mirtazapine is classified as a weight gain drug in cats, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate its efficacy in cats experiencing unintended weight loss. This was a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical study in client-owned cats ≥1 year of age, weighing ≥2 kg, with a documented loss (≥5%) in body weight. Cats were treated once daily with either 2 mg/cat mirtazapine transdermal ointment (n = 83) or placebo (n = 94) (Per Protocol population) applied to the inner surface of the pinna for 14 ± 3 days. Read More

Anal Bioanal Chem 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a specific, sensitive, and easy-to-perform nucleic acid analytical technique with wide application for diagnosis of disease. Recently, LAMP combined with use of a lateral chromatographic flow dipstick (LFD) has been widely used in nucleic acid detection. However, the LFD mechanism has not been systematically analyzed, and the optimal combination of labeled primers has not been adequately evaluated. Read More

J Chem Ecol 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Entomology Department, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 7650, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.

Aldehydes are components of many moth sex pheromones, and are thought to be produced from analogous alcohols by oxidase(s) in the cell membrane or the gland cuticle. This implies that the two types of components are produced and/or stored in different parts of the gland: alcohols in cells and aldehydes in cuticle. Few studies have investigated the distribution of components in moth pheromone glands. Read More

Acta Neurol Belg 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Neurology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

The aim of the study was to measure the thicknesses of the inner retinal segments and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in migraineurs and patients with tension-type headache (TTH) in headache-free period using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to compare the outcomes with each other and those of healthy subjects. The study population consisted of 23 migraineurs, 22 TTH patients, and 25 controls with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 and without a history of systemic or ocular disease. Macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC), circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL), and ONH parameters were evaluated using SS-OCT, and the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the ability of these parameters to distinguish between the patient and normal eyes. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2018 Sep 21;2(9):963-971. Epub 2018 Mar 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.

Purpose: Bedside examination of premature infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is predominantly performed with ophthalmoscopic viewing of the retina. While postmortem retinal microstructures have been studied at the vascular-avascular junction, a critical location for pathogenesis of ROP, to date this has not been possible . Here we present bedside, non-sedated cross-sectional imaging and analysis of retinal microstructures at the vascular-avascular junction in infants with ROP using handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Sep;62(3):217-221

Anatomy Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Serpiginous choroiditis represents an inflammation, often asymmetric, situated at the level of the inner choroid, which is related to the retinal pigment epithelium and the choriocapillaris. It is known as a primarily idiopathic, but there are authors who consider it an autoimmune process. Many times, fundus autofluorescence is the investigation which is guiding the diagnosis, the management, also the follow-up together with the determination of the progressive visual prognosis. Read More

IBRO Rep 2018 Dec 5;5:99-109. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.

Lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins that are located beneath the inner nuclear membrane. In mammalian somatic cells, LMNB1 and LMNB2 encode somatic lamins B1 and B2, respectively, and the LMNA gene is alternatively spliced to generate somatic lamins A and C. Mutations in lamin genes have been linked to many human hereditary diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Read More

Data Brief 2018 Dec 9;21:1745-1749. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Vibration signal analysis is an important means for bearing fault detection/diagnosis and bearings often operate under time-varying rotational speed conditions. This data article contains vibration datasets collected from bearings with different health conditions under different time-varying speed conditions. The health conditions of the bearing include healthy, faulty with an inner race defect, and faulty with an outer race defect. Read More

Data Brief 2018 Dec 3;21:1649-1653. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.

This paper presented the dataset of correction parameters used in the determination of the energy transfer efficiencies from the spectrum-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement in a trimeric membrane protein AcrB. The cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YPet) were used as the donor and acceptor, respectively. Two AcrB fusion proteins were constructed, AcrB-CFP and AcrB-YPet. Read More

Acta Pharm Sin B 2018 Oct 18;8(6):862-880. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.

Mitochondrial targeting is a promising approach for solving current issues in clinical application of chemotherapy and diagnosis of several disorders. Here, we discuss direct conjugation of mitochondrial-targeting moieties to anticancer drugs, antioxidants and sensor molecules. Among them, the most widely applied mitochondrial targeting moiety is triphenylphosphonium (TPP), which is a delocalized cationic lipid that readily accumulates and penetrates through the mitochondrial membrane due to the highly negative mitochondrial membrane potential. Read More

J Gastrointest Oncol 2018 Oct;9(5):833-839

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Sorafenib is first line chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are little real-world experiences with sorafenib done on US population except for the US arm of the GIDEON study, a phase IV multi-national study. In this context, we present a single institution experience with sorafenib for HCC in a tertiary inner-city safety-net hospital of Chicago. Read More

Front Genet 2018 16;9:542. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have myriad functions during development of both non-vertebrate and vertebrate organisms. One of these family members, , is largely expressed in mesenchymal tissues and is essential for postnatal life because of its critical role in development of the craniofacial complex, as well as in lung branching. Here, we review the function of FGF10 in morphogenesis of craniofacial organs. Read More

Saudi J Biol Sci 2018 Nov 22;25(7):1494-1508. Epub 2017 Dec 22.

College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.

Inner Mongolia cashmere goat marks a precious gerplasm genetic resource due to its excellent cashmere traits. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to investigate the cashmere development mechanism of cashmere goat and to search for the important cashmere growth-related candidate genes. Fetal skin samples at 10 different periods of cashmere goat were collected in this research. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2018 Sep-Dec;11(3):241-247

Senior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Raipur (CG), Chhattisgarh, India.

Purpose: An assessment of variation in Macular Volume and RNFL Thickness in myopes using OCT, and their significance for early diagnosis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma(POAG).

Materials And Method: Total of 122 eyes of 61 Indian Myopic subjects of both sex and various age groups underwent retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular volume in 6mm analysis by Rtvue Avanti SD-OCT, Optovue Technology V6.1. Read More

J Biol Chem 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Molecular Biology Section, NIDCR, NIH, United States.

The development of ectodermal organs, such as teeth, requires epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors regulate various aspects of tissue development, and we have previously identified a bHLH transcription factor, AmeloD, from a tooth germ cDNA library. Here, we provide both and evidence that AmeloD is important in tooth development. Read More

Biol Open 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

UCL Ear Institute, London, UK, WC1X 8EE.

The prevalence and importance of hearing damage caused by noise levels not previously thought to cause permanent hearing impairment has become apparent in recent years. The damage to, and loss of, afferent terminals of auditory nerve fibres at the cochlear inner hair cell has been well established, but the effects of noise exposure and terminal loss on the inner hair cell are less known. Using three-dimensional structural studies in mice we have examined the consequences of afferent terminal damage on inner hair cell morphology and intracellular structure. Read More

Development 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA

Morphogenesis of the inner ear epithelium requires coordinated deployment of several signaling pathways, and disruptions cause abnormalities of hearing and/or balance. The FGFR2b ligands, FGF3 and FGF10, are expressed throughout otic development and are required individually for normal morphogenesis, but their prior and redundant roles in otic placode induction complicates investigation of subsequent combinatorial functions in morphogenesis. To interrogate these roles and identify new effectors of FGF3 and FGF10 signaling at the earliest stages of otic morphogenesis, we used conditional gene ablation after otic placode induction, and temporal inhibition of signaling with a secreted, dominant-negative FGFR2b ectodomain. Read More

Hear Res 2018 Nov 22;371:66-74. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Northwestern University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Evanston, IL, USA. Electronic address: http://www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu.

A current initiative in auditory neuroscience research is to better understand why some listeners struggle to perceive speech-in-noise (SIN) despite having normal hearing sensitivity. Various hypotheses regarding the physiologic bases of this disorder have been proposed. Notably, recent work has suggested that the site of lesion underlying SIN deficits in normal hearing listeners may be either in "sub-clinical" outer hair cell damage or synaptopathic degeneration at the inner hair cell-auditory nerve fiber synapse. Read More

Structure 2018 Oct 30. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China. Electronic address:

Telomeres, the protective caps at the end of the chromosomes, are often associated with the nuclear envelope (NE). Telomere positioning to the NE is dynamically regulated during mitosis and meiosis. One inner nuclear membrane protein, Bqt4, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays essential roles in connecting telomeres to the NE. Read More

Health Place 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Ray-Cam Cooperative Centre, 920 East Hastings, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6A 3T1. Electronic address: