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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health.

Substance use in young adulthood and polysubstance users (PSU), in particular, pose unique risks for adverse consequences. Prior research on young adult PSU has identified multiple classes of users, but most work has focused on college students. We examined PSU patterns by age and college attendance during young adulthood in two nationally representative samples. Read More

Eur Respir J 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Rationale: Patients with concomitant features of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a heavy disease burden.

Objectives: Using data collected prospectively in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, we compared the risk factors, clinical history, and lung function trajectories from early adulthood to the late sixties of middle aged subjects having asthma+COPD (n=179), past (n=263) or current (n=808) asthma alone, COPD alone (n=111), or none of these (n=3477).

Methods: Interview data and prebronchodilator FEV and FVC were obtained during three clinical examinations in 1991-1993, 1999-2002, and 2010-2013. Read More

PLoS One 2021 1;16(4):e0249361. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Background: Data on illicit drug use by Korean people infected with HIV are lacking. Here, we examined the prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among people infected with HIV in Korea.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included all patients infected with HIV who visited a tertiary care hospital in Korea from January 1990 to May 2020. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2021 Mar 1;4(3):e211271. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.

Importance: Older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) vary in their health outcome goals and the health care that they prefer to receive to achieve these goals.

Objective: To describe the outcome goals and health care preferences of this population with MCCs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included participants in the Patient Priorities Care study who underwent health priorities identification from February 1, 2017, to August 31, 2018, in a primary care practice. Read More

Arch Sex Behav 2021 Mar 23. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, 11 Fourth St., Providence, RI, 02906, USA.

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations across the U.S. Street-based sex workers are one vulnerable population whose health and impact of COVID-19 have been understudied to date. Read More

Subst Use Misuse 2021 9;56(5):577-587. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Adolescent drug use increases the risk of mental, physical and social problems later in life and so it is important to understand its complex etiology that likely includes socioeconomic status (SES). We undertook the present analysis using data from a population-based retrospective cohort study to examine the influence of family and community SES in relation to adolescent drug use. We hypothesized that lower levels of community and parental SES would increase the risk of use and that there would be stronger associations for the more proximate family-level factors. Read More

Toxicol In Vitro 2021 Mar 4;75:105136. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Although in vivo inhalation toxicity tests have been widely conducted, the testing of many chemicals is limited for economic and ethical reasons. Therefore, we previously developed an in vitro acute inhalation toxicity test method. The goal of the present pre-validation study was to evaluate the transferability, reproducibility, and predictive capacity of this method. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2021 03 1;4(3):e210242. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Importance: A persistently high US drug overdose death toll and increasing health care use associated with substance use disorder (SUD) create urgency for comprehensive estimates of attributable direct costs, which can assist in identifying cost-effective ways to prevent SUD and help people to receive effective treatment.

Objective: To estimate the annual attributable medical cost of SUD in US hospitals from the health care payer perspective.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This economic evaluation of observational data used multivariable regression analysis and mathematical modeling of hospital encounter costs, controlling for patient demographic, clinical, and insurance characteristics, and compared encounters with and without secondary SUD diagnosis to statistically identify the total attributable cost of SUD. Read More

Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2021 1;49(2):60-65. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de medicina, Carrer de Sant LLorenç 21, Reus, España, CP 43201.

Introduction And Objectives: Relationship between the causal mechanisms of pediatric severe asthma and severity of symptoms would be helpful for developing personalized strategies for treatment and prevention.

Materials And Methods: For this study, 698 medical histories of asthmatics between 6 and 18 years of age were reviewed in a period of 2 years. Variables analyzed were: age, sex, ethnicity, perinatological history, allergy history, asthma predictive index (API), exposure to tobacco, heavy traffic or epithelium, lung function, age of onset of symptoms, hospitalization admissions/PICU, systemic corticosteroids, daily symptoms control, device prescribe for daily control, and adherence. Read More

Scand J Public Health 2021 Feb 20:1403494820987468. Epub 2021 Feb 20.

Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.

Aim: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of Danish national registries, comprising all births in Denmark 1997-2017 (1.3 million births). Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 Feb 19;21(1):92. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Critical care and Pulmonology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Background: Urticaria is common in pediatric population and is caused by various etiologies which usually differ among different age groups. The different etiologies require different management strategies. Thus, understanding detailed of the etiologies of urticaria in children would help pediatricians to perform appropriate initial treatment. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 04 29;221:108553. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, 907 36, Sweden. Electronic address:

Background: The use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco may lead to mood disorders such as depression. However, knowledge on the independent contributions of the use of these substances to the risk of depression is lacking.

Methods: The study cohort consisted of 24,564 men included in the Swedish national military conscription register who were conscripted in 1969-1970 and followed until 2017. Read More

Addiction 2021 May 14;116(5):1101-1112. Epub 2020 Sep 14.

Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

Aims: To identify drug use typologies based on substances used and persistence of use over two time points, use a genetically informed design to explore twin concordance of and genetic influence on the use typologies and compare patterns of declined/discontinued ("desistant") and persistent drug use on drug use correlates.

Design: Latent class analysis was applied to data from a cross-sectional self-report survey on current and past drug use. Use characteristics, use disorder, and psychiatric problems were compared across classes. Read More

J Inflamm Res 2020 5;13:1291-1304. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Otorhinolaryngology Department, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.

The upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) is the first line of defense against environmental stresses such as antigens, microbes, inhalants, foods, etc., and mucins, intracellular junctions, epithelial cells, and immune cells are the major constituents of this defensive mucosal barrier. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is recognized as an independent risk factor for UAT mucosal disorders, and in this review, we describe the components and functions of the mucosal barrier and the results of LPR-induced mucosal inflammation in the UAT. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 02 29;219:108490. Epub 2020 Dec 29.

Department of Economics, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is found to be a risk factor for substance use in adolescence, but literature has suggested that the observed influence of ADHD may be driven by the comorbid conduct disorder (CD) or oppositional defiance disorder (ODD). We examine whether childhood ADHD and CD influence lifetime use of substances, independent of other comorbid mental problems and familial risk factors.

Methods: A total of 712 sibling pairs from a nationally representative US longitudinal survey were followed from 1997 to 2015. Read More

Addict Behav 2021 04 25;115:106789. Epub 2020 Dec 25.

Department of Psychiatry - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Objectives: Inhalants are substances with underestimated abuse potential associated with cardiac problems, dizziness, seizures, and decreased level of consciousness. Inhalants are commonly used by the LGB population, who are vulnerable to their harms. US epidemiologic inhalants data are scarce. Read More

Sci Justice 2021 Jan 28;61(1):61-71. Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India. Electronic address:

Inhalant abuse is a serious and ever-evolving problem for our society. Inhalants are abused more commonly by teenagers and adolescents. Inhalants such as glue, paint thinners, correction fluid, and nail paint remover are easily available in the market which makes them readily abused. Read More

J Safety Res 2020 12 15;75:8-13. Epub 2020 Nov 15.

Health Promotion and Education, School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States; Center for Prevention Science, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.

Introduction: Drugged driving, the act of driving while under the influence of one or more illicit substances, remains a critical problem needing to be addressed. The present study sought to analyze risk factors associated with past-year driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana among a national sample of U.S. Read More

Rev Colomb Psiquiatr 2020 Oct - Dec;49(4):246-254. Epub 2019 Jul 29.

Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: There are very few studies on the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) among young people from indigenous territories and evening or blended learning students. In Inírida, a municipality in the Colombian Amazon, there were concerns about a possible consumption issue that had never been characterised before.

Objective: To characterise the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and PAS in Inírida among teenage evening and blended learning students. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 7;15:3227-3237. Epub 2020 Dec 7.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.

Background: There is a large gap in the treatments for patients with COPD according to the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) recommendations. Determining the situation of therapies in the real world is necessary. This study aimed to characterize the real-world practical therapies of COPD and prognosis of patients after treatment for 1 year. Read More

Addiction 2020 Nov 27. Epub 2020 Nov 27.

School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the government school-based program #Tamojunto2.0, the third Brazilian version of the European drug prevention program, Unplugged, in preventing the use of alcohol and other drugs.

Design: A parallel, two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 205 classes in 73 public schools (37 intervention and 36 control) with a baseline assessment and follow-up after 9 months. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2021 Jan 25;32(1):75-82. Epub 2020 Nov 25.

MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Medical Affairs, Haar, Germany.

Recreational drug use is higher in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population in Europe. This use increases the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse events. We assessed the prevalence and clinical consequences of substance abuse among PLHIV. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 Nov 18;20(1):1740. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Ave Ste. 533, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.

Background: Few studies have comprehensively and contextually examined the relationship of variables associated with opioid use. Our purpose was to fill a critical gap in comprehensive risk models of opioid misuse and use disorder in the United States by identifying the most salient predictors.

Methods: A multivariate logistic regression was used on the 2017 and 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which included all 50 states and the District of Columbia of the United States. Read More

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2021 Mar 2;32(4):524-535. Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Respiratory Department, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease which is currently treated using various inhalants. However, the medication adherence with the inhalants is poor due to complex procedure to use them along with frequent dosing. In this paper, we have developed tulobuterol loaded Pluronic® F127-reduced graphene oxide transdermal hydrogel to sustain the release of tulobuterol to manage asthma for days. Read More

Subst Use Misuse 2021 5;56(1):111-122. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA.

Background: Substance use (SU) and misuse are disproportionately more common among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals compared to their heterosexual peers. Yet, little is known about regional and demographic differences in use and misuse among SGM. In this study, we investigated regional and demographic differences in SU and misuse in a U. Read More

J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2020 Sep-Oct,;34(5):1729-1737

Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Molecular characterization of IgE reactivity of specific individual components of allergenic extracts is now possible due to the technology of recombinant allergens derived from studies of molecular biology of allergic pathology. The identification of the immunoreactivity to single allergenic components in allergic subjects allows to specifically define her/his allergic profile and obtain the so-termed Component Resolved Diagnosis (CRD). Molecular allergens can be classified into those that induce the respiratory allergic reactivity and those that identify the food-related allergic pathology. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2020 Oct 26. Epub 2020 Oct 26.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.

Background: Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir), an anti-influenza drug with a novel mechanism of action, is expected to reduce influenza transmission by rapid reduction of viral load. The incidence of household transmission was compared between index patients (IPs) treated with baloxavir and those with neuraminidase inhibitors.

Methods: Using a Japanese claims database provided by JMDC Inc. Read More

Subst Use Misuse 2021 22;56(1):169-173. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Department of Dental Hygiene, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Background: Unhealthy substance use is a public health challenge. Much of the focus of interventions is upon narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, central nervous system depressants, and alcohol. However, inhalants are also commonly used in an unhealthy manner and are under-recognized. Read More

Arthritis Rheumatol 2021 03 29;73(3):392-400. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.

Objective: To determine the association of inhalant exposures with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoantibodies and severity in US veterans.

Methods: Participants in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry were mailed surveys assessing occupational, agricultural, and military inhalant exposures. Demographic characteristics, disease activity, functional status, and extraarticular features were obtained from the VARA registry, while HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) status, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured using banked DNA/serum from enrollment. Read More