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Front Pediatr 2021 29;9:652583. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are locally aggressive malignancies occurring at various sites. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and prognosis is generally good. For children with unresectable or metastatic tumors, however, outcome is particularly severe, limited also by the lack of predictive biomarkers of therapy efficacy and disease progression. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 May 27;82:105898. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia.

Introduction And Importance: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor subtype that affects multiple organ systems. This case series adds a regional perspective to the literature, demonstrating rare urological cancers can be managed excellently in regional settings.

Case Presentation: We report a case series of two patients in regional Australia who were diagnosed with IMT of the urinary bladder. Read More

Hum Pathol 2021 Apr 19;113:28-33. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. Electronic address:

Antibodies targeting uroplakin II (UPII) are highly specific for urothelial cells and are frequently used to determine if a primary bladder lesion or a metastatic lesion originates from the urothelium. However, to date, no studies have tested the expression of UPII in histological mimickers of bladder cancer that are nonurothelial in origin. Given the potential risk of misdiagnosis, immunohistochemical markers are often used to better characterize these lesions. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2021 Mar 2;9(3):1683-1687. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Department of Urology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan.

IMT is a rare but sometimes life-threatening tumor. Although presenting with muscle invasion, local surgical resection with TURBT and close follow-up are adequate with bladder function and life quality preservation compared to partial cystectomy. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2021 8;2021:6660356. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Urology Department, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are particularly rare tumors that have been described in various anatomic locations, of which the urinary bladder is the most common. These benign tumors are amendable to conservative therapy but are notoriously difficult to diagnose given their mimicry of malignant sarcomas and sarcomatoid carcinomas, making an accurate diagnosis paramount to spare a patient radical and unnecessary treatment. We hereby present the case of a 37-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with an IMT of the urinary bladder during workup for painless gross hematuria. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Jul 3;37:101620. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Urology and General Medicine, Peshtersko shose 66 blvd. 4000, Bulgaria.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an extremely rare disease composed of myofibroblast cells and inflammatory infiltrates. There are different sites of the urogenital system affected by IMT-bladder, prostate and kidney. We report a case of a 59-year-old male patient presented with abdominal pain, gross hematuria and a renal mass treated with partial nephrectomy. Read More

Urology 2021 Mar 6. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Section of Pediatric Urology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare and poorly understood inflammatory neoplasms. Most commonly occurring in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, cases of bladder involvement have been rarely reported. Bladder IMT generally presents with gross hematuria and can be differentiated from other bladder tumors by expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 Mar;50(3):194-200

Department of Pathology, the People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing 210029, China.

To investigate the clinicopathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). Thirty-two cases of IMT collected at the People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province from May 2010 to May 2020 were evaluated for their clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical and genomic features, and relevant literature was reviewed. There were 19 male and 13 female patients, with age ranging from 5 to 65 years (mean, 37 years). Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Mar 18;16(3):504-510. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare soft tissue tumors of intermediate malignant potential with tendency for local recurrence. Although they can occur at all age groups, occurrence in infants is extremely unusual and their imaging characteristics are not well described. A 3-month-old female infant presented with gradually progressive abdominal distention without any fever or weight loss. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Jan 24;34:101504. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

University of Minnesota, Department of Urology, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Pregnancy presents unique obstacles to diagnosis and management of urologic disease. We present a case of a primigravid female with clot retention requiring evacuation in the operating room due to the avulsion of a bladder mass which prolapsed during labor. Tumor pathology demonstrated a low-grade spindle cell lesion positive for progesterone receptor (PR) and high mobility group A2 (HMGA2), suggestive of deep angiomyxoma versus a benign fibroepithelial polyp or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Read More

Oncol Lett 2021 Jan 18;21(1):51. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.

The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). A total of 17 patients with IMT diagnosed between July 2010 and February 2020 were included in the present study, and the clinical characteristics, pathological features, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. The cohort consisted of 17 participants, including 12 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 34. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Jan 29;34:101474. Epub 2020 Oct 29.

Department of Urology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, benign spindle cell neoplasm of the urinary bladder with a presentation concerning a malignant disease. Oftentimes, these tumors pose a diagnostic dilemma because of a significant overlap with malignant spindle cell tumors in terms of clinical presentation, gross findings, and immunohistopathologic profile. A 28-year-old female presented to us with gross hematuria. Read More

Urology 2020 Dec 30;146:32-35. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare tumors with an ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene rearrangement in up to 65% of all cases. In our patient, the tumor was not primary resectable due to its extension. Under neoadjuvant treatment with the first generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib no tumor response was seen, but the following therapy with the next generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib led to a rapid and deep response, enabling a complete tumor resection by partial cystectomy. Read More

Cureus 2020 Aug 23;12(8):e9957. Epub 2020 Aug 23.

Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK.

Background Non-urothelial bladder cancers (NUBCs) constitute only 5% of all bladder cancers. Because of the scarcity of data, no standardized treatment can be offered to these patients. Surgical treatment can be offered to patients with localized disease; however, generally, the prognosis is unfavorable. Read More

Mod Pathol 2021 02 9;34(2):469-477. Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation is a descriptive term that designates a group of clinically indolent genitourinary lesions that most commonly arise in the urinary bladder. Given that pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation may show morphologic overlap with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, the relationship, if any, between the two entities has been unclear. Moreover, pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations are known to be positive for ALK immunohistochemistry in a subset of cases, although an inconsistent association with ALK rearrangement (ranging from 0 to 60%) has been reported. Read More

Urology 2020 Nov 8;145:229-235. Epub 2020 Aug 8.

Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: To present the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of children with bladder and ureteral inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) in our center.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with bladder and ureteral IMTs from 2010 to 2018. We recorded patients' demographic data, presentation, hemoglobin level, presence of hydronephrosis, tumor size, treatment, and outcomes. Read More

Bladder (San Franc) 2019 26;6(2):e39. Epub 2019 Dec 26.

Department of Pathology, RWJBarnabas Health, Livingston, NJ, USA.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) previously known as inflammatory pseudotumor, plasma cell granuloma, pseudosarcoma, myxoid hamartoma or inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic proliferation is recently recognized by World Health Organization (WHO) as "IMT" and is considered as a rare benign tumor of soft tissues occurring commonly in lung, liver and mesentry and omentum. IMT is mainly identified as a lesion of children and young population. In this report, we describe a rare case of IMT occurring in a 93-year-old female in urinary bladder with initial benign presentation but demonstrating rapid malignant transformation as confirmed with morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. Read More

In Vivo 2020 Jul-Aug;34(4):2043-2048

Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare type of soft-tissue neoplasm. IMT of the urinary tract is more common in the bladder and kidneys. Prostatic IMT is extremely rare. Read More

J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020 Jun 16;39(1):112. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.

Accumulating evidence indicates that intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to the development of resistance to anticancer therapeutics. Fibroblasts, which are components of the paraneoplastic stroma, play a crucial role in the wound-healing process. Activated fibroblasts accumulate in the wound and are involved in many aspects of the tissue remodeling cascade that initiates the repair process and prevents further tissue damage. Read More

Urol Int 2020 11;104(11-12):960-967. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Objective: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the urinary system are relatively rare and often misdiagnosed. We aimed to summarize and analyze the clinical manifestations, imaging features, management, and follow-up of renal and bladder IMTs.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 22 patients with IMT pathologically verified between 2009 and 2018 were included. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 4;31:101191. Epub 2020 Apr 4.

Urology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11361, Egypt.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the urinary bladder is a rare soft tissue benign tumor usually presents with hematuria, dysuria or obstructive urinary symptoms. No distant metastasis has been reported except in a single case. There is no clear consensus on the management plan yet. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2019 Dec;7(24):4366-4376

Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China.

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that is characterized by spindle cells differentiated from muscle fibroblasts and infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells. IMT can occur at any age and at any anatomic site. The most common location of IMT is the bladder in the genitourinary tract. Read More

Urology 2020 Mar 14;137:164-167. Epub 2019 Nov 14.

Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.

Pediatric extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare, aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis (20% 5-year survival). There are currently fewer than 10 published case reports of primary MRT of the bladder. We report the case of an 18-month-old female with an isolated MRT of the bladder which was initially misdiagnosed as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor on biopsy. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2019 Nov 14;27:100997. Epub 2019 Aug 14.

Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the bladder also known as pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation is a rare lesion in the genitourinary tract was first described in 1980 by Roth. We herein report a case of urinary bladder IMT in a 42-year-old female patient presented with gross hematuria. The hematuria was difficult to control and radical treatment has been done. Read More

Rev Chil Pediatr 2019 Jun;90(3):328-335

Servicio de Urología infantil, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Chile.

Introduction: The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an infrequent benign neoplasm with unpredictable cli nical behavior.

Objectives: to describe three clinical cases at the San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital between March 2014 and January 2018 and to carry out an updated review of the literature. Case 1: 14-year-old male adolescent, hospitalized due to abdominal pain, diagnosed with jejunojejunal intus susception secondary to an intestinal wall tumor. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2019 May-Aug;12(2):344-353. Epub 2019 May 16.

Immam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) of the urinary bladder is a remarkably rare bladder tumor. To this day, no standardized treatment protocol has been recognized. Here we report a case of bladder IMT in a 14-year-old girl presenting with urgency, frequency, and gross painless hematuria for a week. Read More

J Endourol Case Rep 2019 30;5(2):31-33. Epub 2019 May 30.

Pathology Department, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, California.

Aggressive large tumors of the bladder are not always malignant or invasive. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the bladder, a typically benign lesion, is challenging to diagnose as it presents similarly to other malignant disease processes. Awareness of the specific pathological features of these rare tumors is necessary to promote accurate diagnosis and avoid unnecessary treatment. Read More

IJU Case Rep 2019 Jul 29;2(4):212-214. Epub 2019 May 29.

Department of Urology Kochi Health Sciences Center Kochi City Kochi Japan.

Introduction: An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder is rare. Some urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes may mimic an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old man with indwelling urinary catheters because of a spinal cord injury presented with gross hematuria. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Mar;99(12):947-949

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.

To present 15 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in genitor-urinary system, and analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The diagnostic and therapeutic process of 15 confirmed cases admitted to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2009 and September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the total cases, 11 cases were diagnosed with cystic IMT with a maximum diameter of 1. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2020 Mar;39(2):152-156

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are spindle cell neoplasms of intermediate (borderline) biologic potential with tendency for local recurrence but low risk of metastasis. They affect children more than adults. The most common sites of involvement are the lung, soft tissue, peritoneum, bladder, and less commonly the gynecologic tract. Read More