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Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Mar;99(12):947-949

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.

To present 15 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in genitor-urinary system, and analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The diagnostic and therapeutic process of 15 confirmed cases admitted to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2009 and September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the total cases, 11 cases were diagnosed with cystic IMT with a maximum diameter of 1. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.Z., F.W.A.-K., C.A., M.L.C.P.-N.) University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix and Creighton University Phoenix College of Medicine (D.M.C.).

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are spindle cell neoplasms of intermediate (borderline) biologic potential with tendency for local recurrence but low risk of metastasis. They affect children more than adults. The most common sites of involvement are the lung, soft tissue, peritoneum, bladder, and less commonly the gynecologic tract. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jan;98(1):e13987

Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Rationale: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare intermediate soft tissue tumor. Rarely occurring in the urinary bladder, MTs is composed of myofibroblast differentiated spindle cells and accompanied by numerous inflammatory cells, plasma cells and/or Lymphocytes.

Patient Concerns: A 28-year-old female, with history of 2 cesarean sections 8 years ago and 2 years ago, was admitted to the emergency department for a 7-day ongoing gross hematuria with clots. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(51):e13619

Departments of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University.

Rationale: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare soft tissue lesion, originally reported in the lungs. Occurrence of the IMT was also documented in the digestive system, but rare in the urinary system, especially in the urachus, and little is presently known about IMT.

Patient Concerns: This study reported a very rare case of urachal IMT in an elderly female patient at the age of 77 who was diagnosed with a lower abdominal mass 2 months ago. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(49):e13474

Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.

Rationale: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the urinary bladder (IMTUB) is exceptionally rare. Currently, no standardized treatment has been established for IMTUBs.

Patient Concerns: Herein we report three cases presenting with hematuria and anemia. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2018 Nov;64(11):445-450

The Department of Urology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center.

We describe two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the urinary bladder. Case 1 : A 55-year-old man complained of urinary frequency. Transurethral biopsy of the bladder tumor was performed ; pathological examination revealed IMT. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2019 Mar 15;23:10-12. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Surgery - Division of Urology, 1 Hospital Drive, MC 301E, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.

A 61-year-old male presented with gross hematuria and transurethral resection of bladder tumor revealed inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). Due to extent of disease leading to ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis, radical cystectomy (RC) with ileal conduit urinary diversion was performed. Five months after RC, the patient presented with decreased urine output. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(46):e13177

Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Rationale: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm which has been described in a variety of locations. In the urogenital system, IMT predominantly occurs in the bladder and the kidney. IMT arising from the ureter is exceedingly rare and has been sporadically reported before. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2018 Oct 13;33(40):e242. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.

Background: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of urinary bladder tumors, a rare malignancy, in patients 20 years or younger.

Methods: Using a retrospective chart review among patients who received bladder surgery at 2 institutions between July 1996 and January 2013, we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of urinary bladder tumors in 21 pediatric patients (male:female = 4.25:1. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2018 Sep;131(18):2259-2261

Department of Urology, The Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, China.

Urol Ann 2018 Jul-Sep;10(3):336-338

Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare benign condition of unknown cause. A 19-year-old female presented with gross hematuria and storage symptoms to the emergency. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a mass of 5 cm × 6 cm involving the dome and anterior wall of the bladder. Read More

Urology 2018 Dec 17;122:162-164. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

We describe four adolescent cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor involving the genitourinary system. Two patients with masses of the urinary bladder presented with gross hematuria. The third patient presented with left flank pain and a mass encasing the left ureter causing hydronephrosis. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 14;2018:5679634. Epub 2018 May 14.

Department of Radiology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) can occur rarely in the soft tissue or joint of the limb. We retrospectively collected IMT cases of these rare sites and analyzed their clinical and imaging appearance. Thirteen cases of IMT were clinically diagnosed and underwent surgical procedures, pathological analyses, and postsurgical follow-up in our two hospitals. Read More

Oncol Lett 2018 Jun 18;15(6):9317-9326. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a distinctive neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic and fibroblastic spindle cells, accompanied by the inflammatory infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes and/or eosinophils. Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS), which primarily consists of cells with a round or epithelioid morphology, is associated with a poor prognosis and rapid development of local recurrence, and has been recognized to be a variant of IMT. Diagnosis of EIMS is difficult owing to its close resemblance to malignant mesothelioma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and other malignant diseases. Read More

Kidney Int 2018 Jun;93(6):1493-1494

Department of Nephrology-Transplantation, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France. Electronic address:

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 15;2018. Epub 2018 May 15.

Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

A 41-year-old man with no medical history presented with 2 weeks of nausea, vomiting, a new palpable abdominal mass, constipation and a 14kgweight loss. On admission, CT abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a 6.9×3. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2018 1;48:1-4. Epub 2018 May 1.

Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0054, Japan.

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that involves various organs, but has a predilection for the urinary bladder in the genitourinary tract. Given that approximately half of all IMT cases have anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, the ALK inhibitor crizotinib is suggested as a promising treatment for unresectable cases. No reports on neoadjuvant crizotinib therapy for locally advanced IMT of the bladder are available. Read More

Cir Cir 2018 ;86(1):63-70

División de Áreas Críticas CENIAQ, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Ciudad de México, México.

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibro-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by lesions in the form of tumors, elevated serum IgG4 levels, plasma cells with significant IgG4 infiltration, accompanied by phlebitis obliterans and fibrosis. This disease usually has multiorgan disease, including pancreas, biliary tract, salivary glands, peri orbital tissues, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes and retro peritoneum. IgG4-RD mainly affects men with a predominance of age by young adults until old age. Read More

Histopathology 2018 Aug 30;73(2):321-326. Epub 2018 May 30.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.

Aims: Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations of the genitourinary tract have a debatable relationship with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (generally lacking ALK rearrangement); however, they share several overlapping features with nodular fasciitis of soft tissue. As rearrangement of the USP6 gene has been recently recognised as a recurrent alteration in soft tissue nodular fasciitis, and several other alternative gene fusions have been recently recognised in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, the aim of this study was to investigate whether USP6, ROS1 or ETV6 rearrangements were present in these lesions (12 cases).

Methods And Results: Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation analysis was performed by the use of bacterial artificial chromosome-derived break-apart probes against USP6, ROS1, and ETV6. Read More

Front Pediatr 2018 27;6:35. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare lesion of unclear etiology and variable clinical course, consisting of a proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, mixed with inflammatory cells. Synonyms of IMT are inflammatory pseudotumor and plasma cell granuloma reflecting the alleged inflammatory nature attributed to this lesion, even though this heterogeneity in the disease denomination is probably involved in a dispersion of the literature data. Among primary pulmonary neoplasms, it represents the most frequent endobronchial tumor of childhood and beyond the lung it has been described mainly in the bladder, mediastinum and mesentery. Read More

Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2018 Apr 6;37(2):126-133. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

a Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital/St. Louis Children's Hospital , Washington University Medical Center , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.

Introduction: Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is childhood neoplasm with its own distinctive pattern of metastasis and may appear after a disease free interval of 5 years or more.

Materials And Methods: Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were available from the radical nephrectomy and the later partial cystectomy, which was performed after a seven disease-free interval.

Results: The pathologic features of the primary tumor were those of a classic CCSK with a monotypic pattern of uniform rounded to ovoid tumor cells with a background network of delicate blood vessels. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2018 Jun;42(6):807-812

Departments of Pathology.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a neoplasm of intermediate malignant potential that only rarely involves the gynecologic tract. Several cases of IMT arising in various locations including the lung, bladder, trachea, and breast in association with pregnancy have been reported in the literature, and 3 cases involving the placenta have been previously described. We report 2 cases of IMT identified in association with pregnancy; the first was an intrauterine mass delivered entirely separate from the placenta and fetus, and the second was an incidental mass identified within the placental parenchyma following delivery. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2017 21;2017:1410843. Epub 2017 Dec 21.

Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are distinctive lesions of unknown etiology, composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells with an associated inflammatory background. They can occur in a wide age range and at all anatomic sites, but most frequently they can be observed in the lung (especially in pediatric cases), abdomen, or retroperitoneum. The urinary bladder is one of the most common sites in urological cases. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jul 14;2017. Epub 2017 Jul 14.

Department of Gynecologic Endoscopy, Lefkos Stavros Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) of the bladder is a rare tumour of indeterminate malignant potential with myofibroblastic differentiation, with a generally benign but rarely aggressive behaviour. Vesical IMT is usually treated by transurethral resection or partial cystectomy. Herein we describe a case of a woman who underwent laparoscopic excision of an IMT of the bladder, initially diagnosed as deep infiltrating endometriosis. Read More

Hum Pathol 2017 11 10;69:96-100. Epub 2017 May 10.

Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute; Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.

Here, we report an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the urinary bladder with a novel HNRNPA1-ALK fusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a tumor with HNRNPA1-ALK fusion. A 42-year-old Japanese man underwent total cystectomy because of an invasive urinary bladder tumor. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2017 Feb 5;11:25-27. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Urology, 3601 4th Street, STOP 7260, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors rarely occur in the urinary bladder. These masses follow an indolent course, but due to their histologic similarities to more malignant types of bladder masses, they must be differentiated with immunohistochemical staining. Once diagnosed, the mainstay of treatment for these masses is surgical resection. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2017 Feb 5;11:19-21. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Division of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Department of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Life Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign entity of unclear etiology. It can present with histological features that include a mixture of spindle cells, myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Positive immunohistochemical staining for ALK/p80 is often observed, and this marker has been considered diagnostically effective. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2016 15;2016:4976150. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

Urology Department, Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando Fonseca, IC 19, Venteira, Amadora, Portugal.

Two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the bladder are reported here. Both patients were male and presented with macroscopic hematuria; in the first case terminal hematuria was associated with irritative voiding symptoms. The second case was a smoker with hematuria unresponsive to medical treatment and anemia. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2016 Sep-Dec;9(3):554-558. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.

A 36-year-old male was referred to our department for further examination of asymptomatic gross hematuria emanating from a bladder tumor. Cystoscopy revealed a broad-based tumor 40 mm in diameter. Urinary cytology was negative. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016 11;38(8):e283-e285

Departments of *Pediatrics †Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science ‡Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), which expresses cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), can be effectively treated with COX-2 inhibitor. Here, we report a case of urinary bladder IMT in a 13-year-old boy. Although total cystectomy was initially planned for complete resection of the tumor, neoadjuvant treatment with COX-2 inhibitor and prednisolone reduced the size of the tumor and enabled complete resection of the tumor by partial cystectomy. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2016 May-Aug;9(2):464-469. Epub 2016 Aug 17.

Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Japan.

An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a distinctive neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic and fibroblastic spindle cells, accompanied by inflammatory infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. IMTs rarely occur in the urinary bladder. It is important to distinguish this tumor from other malignant spindle cell tumors. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2016 Aug;62(8):427-30

The Department of Pathology, Tohoku University.

A 39-year-old female visited our hospital because of a bladder tumor. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a retrovesical tumor in dome of the bladder. Cystoscopy showed edematous inflammatory changes of the mucosa of the bladder wall. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016 Dec 9;207(6):W138. Epub 2016 Sep 9.

1 Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.

World J Surg Oncol 2016 Sep 1;14(1):236. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: Inflammatory pseudotumour refers to a non-malignant tumour-like mass resulting from an inflammatory reaction that is composed of granulation tissue with leukocyte infiltration that commonly occurs in the paediatric or young adult population. These tumours occur more commonly in the lungs and the orbit but rarely does it affect the gastrointestinal tract. It poses a clinical diagnostic challenge since it is a benign condition than can mimic the malignant counterpart. Read More

Urol Ann 2016 Jul-Sep;8(3):366-8

Department of Urology, Chomutov General Hospital, Chomutov, Czech Republic.

An old woman was admitted due to massive visible hematuria; the hematuria was difficult to control and lasted 3 days. Cystoscopy showed a solid tumor in the urinary bladder. After performing transrectal resection, histology and immunohistochemistry showed that it was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Read More

Urol J 2016 Jun 28;13(3):2727-8. Epub 2016 Jun 28.

Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow-226003, India.

Case Rep Urol 2016 18;2016:5724020. Epub 2016 May 18.

James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon condition that is rarely encountered in the urinary tract. In this report, we present a case of IMT of the bladder in a woman with multiple previous pelvic surgeries. We further review the relevant literature to highlight this rare but important clinical presentation. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2016 Apr;62(4):201-4

The Department of Urology and Andrology, Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.

A 61-year-old man presenting with voiding pain was diagnosed with a bladder tumor by ultrasound in another hospital, and was subsequently referred to our hospital. Cystoscopy showed a nodular tumor and surrounding edematous mucosa in the right wall of the bladder. Initially, we suspected bladder invasion of gastrointestinal malignancy, but abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and a series of tumor marker tests revealed no abonormalities. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2016 May 5;6:58-9. Epub 2016 Apr 5.

Department of Urology, Monash Health, Bentleigh East, VIC, Australia.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare but benign clinical entity. Its ability to mimic malignancy poses a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report the first case in Australia, of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the bladder in a 40-year-old male, removed via transurethral resection. Read More

Arch Pediatr 2016 Jun 18;23(6):612-5. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Amiens-Picardie, place Victor-Pauchet, 80054 Amiens, France.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare benign tumors, most commonly arising in the lungs and urinary bladder. Many etiologic factors are suspected in their development, but none have been formally demonstrated. Conventional treatment for bladder IMT is complete surgical resection by partial cystectomy or transurethral resection. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016 Jun 12;206(6):1149-55. Epub 2016 Apr 12.

2 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize the CT manifestations of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the urinary system in eight patients.

Materials And Methods: The CT images of eight pathologically confirmed IMTs were retrospectively reviewed. Two of the eight IMTs occurred in the kidney, and six occurred in the bladder. Read More

Curr Genomics 2016 Feb;17(1):14-32

Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Urologia, Roma, Italy.

Bladder masses are represented by either benign or malignant entities. Malignant bladder tumors are frequent causes of disease and death in western countries. However, in children they are less common. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2016 Jan-Mar;59(1):93-5

Department of Pathology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are uncommon benign neoplasms in the abdomen, and urachal involvement is very rare. IMT of the urachus is usually mistaken clinically and radiologically for a malignant tumor. The tumor has spindle cell proliferation with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate and myxoid degeneration favoring other designations such as inflammatory pseudotumor and fibromyxoid pseudotumor. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2016 Feb 12;17:79-83. Epub 2016 Feb 12.

Department of Surgery, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.

Background: Inflammatory pseudotumors can affect any organ, whereas primary omental tumors are very rare. A few cases have been reported in the literature, all affecting adult patients. They are usually difficult to diagnose preoperatively and pathology remains the criterion standard for diagnosis. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2015 Sep 2;3(5):138-40. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.

A 26-year-old woman with gross hematuria was seen in a previous hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tumor at the dome of the urinary bladder with invasion outside of the bladder wall. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT). Read More

Oncol Lett 2015 Dec 29;10(6):3847-3849. Epub 2015 Sep 29.

Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare type of mesenchymal tumor, which may affect various organs. The preferential site for IMT in the genitourinary system is the urinary bladder, while the presence of IMT in the kidney, and particularly in the renal pelvis, is rare. In the present report, the case of a 43-year-old man who was admitted to the Department of Urology of The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China) in July 2012, with complaints of iterative gross hematuria and abdominal pain unresponsive to antibiotics is described. Read More

Pathologe 2016 Feb;37(1):61-70

Institut für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.

Mesenchymal tumors and tumor-like lesions of the urinary bladder are rare. They encompass a heterogeneous group of reactive pseudosarcomatous tumor-like changes and benign neoplastic lesions as well as malignant neoplasms (sarcomas) with variable biological behavior. The well-known differential diagnostic difficulties related to these conditions are mainly due to their rarity and thus limited experience and familiarity with their histological features and due to the significant morphological overlap between fully benign reactive conditions and aggressive malignant neoplasms. Read More

Oncology (Williston Park) 2015 12;29(12):924-6, 928

Arch Pediatr 2015 Dec 6;22(12):1295-7. Epub 2015 Nov 6.

Service d' urologie andrologie, hôpital Aristides-Le-Dantec, avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal.

Inflammatory pseudo-tumors of the bladder are rare benign tumors that mostly arise in the differential diagnosis of sarcomas in children. The authors report an unusual case of pedunculated inflammatory pseudo-tumor of the bladder that externalized by the urethral meatus in a 13-year-old girl. The treatment consisted of a ligation-resection of the pedicle, followed by resection of the tumor. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015 Oct;37(7):e402-4

Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon lesion with variable clinical behaviors from benign to mimicking malignant tumors. On rare occasions, IMT may exhibit malignant transformation, and the strategy of malignant IMT is remained undetermined. Herein, we report an extremely unusual case of IMT with malignant transformation of the urinary bladder in a 14-year-old boy characterized by local aggressive behavior and was successfully treated by combined surgery and perioperative chemotherapy. Read More