Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Dig Dis Sci 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Background: Anemia is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite existing guidelines for anemia in IBD, it is frequently under-treated and the prevalence of anemia has remained high. To address this gap, the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation developed the Anemia Care Pathway (ACP). Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

In order to identify the practical implications for both health care practitioners and patients in understanding differences between the results of trials assessing therapies for ulcerative colitis [UC], we reviewed clinical trials of therapies for moderate to severe UC, with a focus on trial design. Over time, patient populations in UC trials have become more refractory, reflecting that patients are failing treatment with additional and different classes of drug, including conventional therapies, immunosuppressant drugs, and anti-tumour necrosis factor therapies. Outcomes used to measure efficacy have become increasingly stringent in order to meet the expectations of patients and physicians, and the requirements of regulatory bodies. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Division of Gastroenterology at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can be effectively monitored with the use of endoscopy. The additional application of small field imaging technology such as confocal laser endomicroscopy CLE during ongoing endoscopic evaluation has led to real-time visualization of mucosal abnormalities and thus in vivo histology. The endomicroscopy (CLE) can improve IBD endoscopic evaluation by identifying seemingly normal-appearing mucosa, assessing the function of the intestinal barrier of the epithelium and vascular permeability, and by characterizing any mucosal lesions, including dysplastic lesions. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

The peak incidence of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is between the second and fourth decades of life, which coincides with prime reproductive years. Unplanned or mistimed pregnancies may account for nearly half of all pregnancies and are associated with adverse consequences such as a higher risk of delayed preconceptual care, increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Increased IBD activity during pregnancy is also associated with adverse pregnancy-related outcomes, such as miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm birth. Read More

Surg Endosc 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VII, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France.

Background: There is no consensus about the most appropriate management of rectal stump in laparoscopic subtotal colectomy (STC) performed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective is to report our experience of laparoscopic STC with double-end ileosigmoidostomy in the right iliac fossa for IBD.

Methods: All patients undergoing laparoscopic STC and double-end ileosigmoidostomy in the right iliac fossa for IBD in 2 European expert centres were included. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Background And Aims: Heterogeneity in Crohn's disease (CD) provides a challenge for development of effective therapies. Our goal was to define a unique molecular signature for severe, refractory CD to enable precision therapy approaches to disease treatment and facilitate earlier intervention in complicated disease.

Methods: We analyzed clinical meta-data, genetics and transcriptomics from uninvolved ileal tissue from CD patients that underwent a single SB resection. Read More

Pharmacol Ther 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.

Recently, the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic inflammatory arthritis, asthma, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been reported to be related to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The contribution of special bacteria for the development of those diseases has been elucidated by disease animal models such as germ-free mice. Besides, the contribution by several bacteria for the pathogenesis of those diseases has been suggested by detailed analysis of the 16 small ribosomal subunit RNA (16S rRNA) from stool samples of the patients. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.

Background & Aims: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the comparative risk of serious infections with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, non-TNF targeted biologics, tofacitinib, and immunosuppressive agents in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Methods: In a systematic search of publications, through March 18, 2018, we identified 15 observational studies (>500 person-years) of patients with IBD treated with TNF antagonists, non-TNF targeted biologics, tofacitinib, and/or immunosuppressive agents (thiopurines, methotrexate) that reported risk of serious infections. Only studies with active comparators were included, to allow appropriate comparative synthesis. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Division of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address:

Immunity 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinton CB10 1SA, UK. Electronic address:

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing condition with two subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UC implicate a FCGR2A variant that alters the binding affinity of the antibody receptor it encodes, FcγRIIA, for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Here, we aimed to understand the mechanisms whereby changes in FcγRIIA affinity would affect inflammation in an IgA-dominated organ. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Objectives: To explore the trends and the predictors of incident malignant cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We identified a cohort of all patients with incident IBD in Quebec, Canada, from 1998 to 2015, using provincial administrative healthcare databases (RAMQ and Med-Echo). Annual incidence rates (IRs) of cancer were calculated using Poisson regression and were compared to the Quebec population using standardized incidence ratios (SIR). Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Surgical treatment is not rare for patients with IBD. Currently, surgery seems to have a protective effect on sexual function. Thus, exclusion of those treated with IBD related surgery may affect conclusions. Read More

Arch Rheumatol 2018 Dec 23;33(4):473-477. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.

Symptoms of infantile inflammatory bowel disease (I-IBD) can be life-threatening and associated with poor prognosis. The presence of Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene mutations play an important role in treatment of I-IBD. In this article, we describe a case of I-IBD with a resistant fistula, in which remission occurred following colchicine therapy. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

c Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan.

Introduction: Prediction of treatment outcome and clinical relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), either ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), is particularly important because therapeutics for IBD are not always effective and patients in remission could frequently relapse. Because undergoing endoscopy for the purpose is sometimes invasive and burdensome to patients, the performance of surrogate biomarkers has been investigated. Areas covered: We particularly featured the performance of patient symptoms, blood markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal markers including fecal calprotectin (Fcal) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for prediction of endoscopic mucosal healing (MH) and prediction of relapse. Read More

J Clin Pharm Ther 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Horsham, Pennsylvania.

What Is Known And Objective: The application of biologics to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is well established. Our aim was to characterize the most recent five years of data on rates of adherence, persistence, switching and dose escalations with biologics used to treat IBD in the United States.

Methods: We systematically reviewed electronic databases MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for 2012-2017 as well as conference proceedings for 2016-2017 published in English. Read More

Compr Physiol 2019 Mar 15;9(2):839-872. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover, Germany.

SLC26 family members are multifunctional transporters of small anions, including Cl , HCO , sulfate, oxalate, and formate. Most SLC26 isoforms act as secondary (coupled) anion transporters, while others mediate uncoupled electrogenic transport resembling Cl channels. Of the 11 described SLC26 isoforms, the SLC26A1,2,3,6,7,9,11 are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, where they participate in salt and water transport, surface pH-microclimate regulation, affect the microbiome composition, the absorption, and secretion of oxalate and sulfate, and other functions that require further study. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India.

Objectives: To study the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: In this pilot study, patients with UC in clinical remission after multi-session FMT were randomly allocated to either maintenance FMT or placebo colonoscopic infusion every 8 weeks, for 48 weeks. The standard of care (SOC) therapy was continued in all patients. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 27;10:304. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in regulating tolerogenic as well as immunogenic responses against microorganisms by directing both the innate and adaptive immune response. In health, phenotypically different DC subsets found in the gut mucosa are maintained in their tolerogenic state but switch to a pro-inflammatory phenotype during infection or chronic autoinflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mechanisms that promote the switch among the mucosal DCs from a tolerogenic to an immunogenic, pro-inflammatory phenotype are incompletely understood. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 28;10:276. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

NLRP3 inflammasome can be widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells. The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family member NLRP3 contains a central nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain which facilitates self-oligomerization and has ATPase activity. The C-terminal conserves a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain which can modulate NLRP3 activity and sense endogenous alarmins and microbial ligands. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2019 27;10:162. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.

Inflammatory bowel disease is known as the most chronic inflammatory disorder in colon, which subsequently progresses to intestinal obstruction and fistula formation. Many studies to date for the treatment of IBD have been focused on inflammation. However, most of the anti-inflammatory agents do not have anti-fibrotic effects and could not relieve intestinal stricture in IBD patients. Read More

Ann Gastroenterol 2019 Mar-Apr;32(2):214. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Michael Doulberis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Panagiotis Katsinelos).

Gut 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

Objective: There is a striking association between human cholestatic liver disease (CLD) and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the functional implications for intestinal microbiota and inflammasome-mediated innate immune response in CLD remain elusive. Here we investigated the functional role of gut-liver crosstalk for CLD in the murine Mdr2 knockout model resembling human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Read More

J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Lymphocyte trafficking out of secondary lymphoid organs is regulated by concentration gradient-dependent interactions between the membrane-derived lysophospholipid signaling molecule, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and the G-protein-coupled receptor, S1P Etrasimod is a novel, next-generation, small molecule, oral S1P receptor modulator in clinical development for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis. In preclinical pharmacology studies, etrasimod was a full agonist of recombinant human (6.1 nM EC50), mouse (3. Read More

Gastroenterology 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Division of Gastroenterology; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Diet may be an important factor in progression of Crohn's disease (CD). We performed a randomized controlled trial to determine whether reduced consumption of red and processed meats decreases the risk of symptomatic relapse of CD, analyzing results from the Food and Crohn's Disease Exacerbation Study (FACES) trial.

Methods: Adults with CD were recruited into the FACES trial from IBD Partners, an internet-based cohort of IBD patients, from November 2013 through June 2015. Read More

Dig Liver Dis 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

The first infliximab biosimilar for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was introduced in 2013, and today eight anti-TNF alpha biosimilars (three for infliximab and five for adalimumab) have been approved and licensed by the European Medicines Agency. Biosimilars present great potential in terms of cost saving and possible consequential reinvestment in the health care system. The increasing knowledge about the process of biosimilar development and use in IBD and the publication of many prospective clinical studies and real-life clinical experiences have progressively changed the point of view of IBD physicians. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Two-year Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile recurrences in a boy with ulcerative colitis are described. Isolates were toxin A/B positive and nonhypervirulent, and resistotypes of 2017 isolates differed from those in 2016, suggesting a reinfection, later confirmed by multilocus sequence typing (ST49 and ST92, respectively). Resistotypes may show the need of genotypic analysis. Read More

Nutr J 2019 Mar 11;18(1):16. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: The optimum dosage for vitamin D supplementation has not yet been elucidated in patients with Ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two vitamin D regimens in UC patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with mild to moderate UC, who met inclusion criteria, received either 1000 or 2000 IU/day of vitamin D (as low dose or high dose group, respectively) for 12 weeks. Read More

Nutrients 2019 Mar 13;11(3). Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Under physiological conditions, the small intestine represents a barrier against harmful antigens and pathogens. Maintaining of the intestinal barrier depends largely on cell⁻cell interactions (adherent-junctions) and cell⁻matrix interactions (tight-junctions). Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic inflammation, which induces a destructuring of the architecture junctional epithelial proteins with consequent rupture of the intestinal barrier. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Mar 12;8(3). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul 03722, Korea.

The 1858T allele in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) locus shows one of the strongest and most consistent genetic associations with autoimmune diseases. We synthesized all meta-analyses reporting a genetic association of the PTPN22 1858T C/T polymorphism with autoimmune diseases. This work examined their validity to discover false positive results under Bayesian methods. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2019 Mar 11;70:477-485. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China. Electronic address:

Increased intestinal permeability and immune disorder are important mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Recent evidences suggest bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have protective effects on end-stage liver disease and intestinal barrier injury. Moreover, the activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has been shown enhancing therapeutic effects of BMMSCs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019 Mar;25(4):672-678

Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: The association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease has long been recognized, but its role in the development of microscopic colitis is less well defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aims to identify all available studies on the association between smoking and risk of microscopic colitis and to synthesize their results.

Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to May 2018 for cohort studies and case-control studies that compared the risk of microscopic colitis among current/former smokers vs individuals who have never smoked. Read More

JMIR Form Res 2019 Mar 14;3(1):e9858. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Evaluation, Research and Measurement, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Background: Learning Networks are distributed learning health systems that enable collaboration at scale to improve health and health care. A key requirement for such networks is having a way to create and share information and knowledge in furtherance of the work of the community.

Objective: We describe a Learning Exchange-a bespoke, scalable knowledge management and exchange platform initially built and tested for improving pediatric inflammatory bowel disease outcomes in the ImproveCareNow (ICN) Network-and assess evidence of its acceptability, feasibility, and utility in facilitating creation and sharing of information in furtherance of the work of the community and as a model for other communities. Read More

Magy Seb 2019 Mar;72(1):13-19

Általános Sebészeti Osztály, Szent Pantaleon Kórház - Rendelőintézet Dunaújváros 2400 Dunaújváros, Korányi Sándor u. 4-6.

Case review: The authors present a case of a 78-year-old female patient who previously, as a teenager, had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The biological therapy for subsequent inflammatory bowel disease in 2015 caused a flare up of the respiratory symptoms after 60 years of being asymptomatic, and the patient also developed acute abdomen. She required emergency laparotomy and small intestine segment resection was performed due to perforated ileum. Read More

Rev Prat 2018 Mar;68(3):e109-e118

Service des maladies de l'appareil digestif, hôpital Claude-Huriez, université de Lille 2, Lille, France.

Clin Lab 2019 Mar;65(3)

Background: Hepcidin has been shown to be inversely associated with iron absorption and the expression of iron transport proteins in healthy females and patients with iron deficiency. Data describing the relationship between hepcidin expression and iron absorption in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of hepcidin and iron absorption in patients with IBD and iron deficiency by means of an oral iron absorption test. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York.

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is the condition of abnormal melanocyte deposition in the leptomeninges and brain parenchyma. Associated with congenital melanocytic nevi, NCM can result in neurologic deficits, hydrocephalus, and rarely, malignant transformation of cells. We present the case of a 16-year-old boy with NCM who developed malignant leptomeningeal melanoma following immunosuppression with a TNFα inhibitor. Read More

Auto Immun Highlights 2019 Mar 14;10(1). Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Gut and Liver Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) with immunomodulatory properties that plays an important role in the development of regulatory T cell (Treg) responses and tolerance in the gut. On the other hand, IL-33 has been considered as a cytokine with two different properties, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, the latter may play a protective role against chronic intestinal inflammation. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019 Mar 12;21(4):12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge of brain-gut therapies (BGT) in pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including their evidence base, the common psychopathology that they address, and the integration of this knowledge into medical settings.

Recent Findings: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), hypnotherapy (HT), mindfulness-based therapy (MBT), and exposure-based therapy (EBT) have the most data supporting their use in children, particularly in FGID, more so than in IBD. This difference is most likely because of the increased role of psychological factors in FGID, though these same factors can be seen comorbidly in IBD. Read More

Int J Colorectal Dis 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.

Purpose: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have become a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in surgery. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a dual-ring wound protector to prevent the SSIs in Crohn's disease (CD) after bowel resection.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included all CD patients undergoing bowel resection at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center between January 2015 and June 2018 at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital. Read More

Theranostics 2019 14;9(5):1369-1384. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing (100084), China.

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation is critical for innate immune responses. However, cellular-intrinsic regulation of NF-κB activity during inflammatory diseases remains incompletely understood. Ubiquitin-like protein 4A (UBL4A, GdX) is a small adaptor protein involved in protein folding, biogenesis and transcription. Read More

mSphere 2019 Mar 13;4(2). Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Although the microbiota in the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been implicated in health and disease, much about these microbes remains understudied compared to those in the distal GI tract. This study characterized the microbiota across multiple proximal GI sites over time in healthy individuals. As part of a study of the pharmacokinetics of oral mesalamine administration, healthy, fasted volunteers ( = 8; 10 observation periods total) were orally intubated with a four-lumen catheter with multiple aspiration ports. Read More

Cancer Lett 2019 Mar 10;451:58-67. Epub 2019 Mar 10.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan.

The repurposing of existing FDA-approved non-cancer drugs is a potential source of new treatment options for cancer patients. An anti-inflammatory drug, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), has been clinically used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Hyperthermia (HT) is widely applicable addendum therapy with the existing cancer treatment modalities. Read More

Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 2019 13;90:151-162. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Recent demonstrations link clinical conditions, phenotypes alternating from inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and allergic diseases to neurodevelopmental disorders, to aberrant gut microbiota composition. This has led to a growing interest in host-microbe crosstalk, characterizing the healthy microbiome and modifying its deviations at an early age. The rationale arises from the recognition of the intimate interrelationship between diet, immune system, and microbiome and the origins of human diseases. Read More

Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 2019 13;90:137-149. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Gut immune function conditions the development of local and systemic diseases that result from defects in immune regulation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergy and obesity. As epidemiological studies support the developmental origin of health and disease, deciphering the critical factors modulating gut immune development should allow the advance of primary prevention strategies specifically adapted to the early-life immune system. Here, we will review gut mucosal immunity development and cover in more detail the recent understanding of the impact of early nutrition on this process. Read More

Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Purpose Of Review: Increasing use of small bowel endoscopy unravels ulcers in a relevant number of patients. Although often attributed to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), these ulcers may be unspecific or caused by a variety of other diseases. This review summarizes the recent literature related to differential diagnosis of small bowel ulcers. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Introduction: We conducted a cohort study on the impact of obesity on disease activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Partners cohort.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal study within IBD Partners, an internet-based cohort of >15,000 patients living with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We included adult patients with IBD, with recorded body mass index (BMI), with at least 6 months of follow-up, excluding patients with BMI < 18. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Introduction: Split-dose bowel preparation leads to superior colon cleansing for colonoscopy. However, the magnitude of benefit in detecting colonic polyps is uncertain. We performed a systematic review to synthesize the data on whether using a split-dose bowel preparation regimen improves the detection of polyps when compared with other dosing methods or regimen products. Read More

J Med Food 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

1 Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of BNIT, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.

Our previous studies have demonstrated antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of red ginseng oil (RGO). However, the role of RGO in models of intestinal inflammation has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the chemopreventive effect of RGO in a mouse model of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis and explored its underlying mechanisms. Read More

Iran J Immunol 2019 Mar;16(1):62-70

Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Adaptive immune responses involving helper T cells play an important role in developing IBDs. Programmed death (PD)-1 and its ligands namely PD-L1 and PD-L2 are negative costimulatory molecules that control T cell motility and formation of an immune synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Unit, University Hospital Padova. Italy.

Background And Aims: Sexual functions are sometimes adversely affected by the therapeutic drugs delivered for treating IBD. Much attention has been focused on pregnancy/sexual issues in women. Relatively less attention has been poured in to address this issue in men. Read More