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Molecules 2019 Mar 12;24(5). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Epstein⁻Barr virus (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus that infects up to 95% of the adult population. Primary EBV infection usually occurs during childhood and is generally asymptomatic, though the virus can cause infectious mononucleosis in 35⁻50% of the cases when infection occurs later in life. EBV infects mainly B-cells and epithelial cells, establishing latency in resting memory B-cells and possibly also in epithelial cells. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2019 Jan;147:e140

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology,University of Minnesota Medical School,Minneapolis, MN 55455,USA.

Prophylactic vaccines against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are under development. EBV-naïve college freshmen are ideal candidates for an efficacy trial, because their incidence of infectious mononucleosis (mono) during freshman year is as high as 20%. To assess perceptions about mono and a mono vaccine, and to learn if EBV immune status could be determined using a gingival swab rather than phlebotomy, we performed a cross-sectional study of 235 healthy students at the beginning of their freshman year. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 25;9:104. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that imparts a significant burden of disease on the human population. EBV is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is etiologically linked to the development of numerous malignancies. In recent years, evidence has also been amassed that strongly implicate EBV in the development of several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Read More

Virology 2019 Feb 23;531:114-125. Epub 2019 Feb 23.

Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. Electronic address:

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several malignancies. Here, we focused on an EBV lytic protein, BOLF1, which is conserved throughout the herpesvirus family and is reported to be a virion tegument protein. We first constructed BOLF1-deficient viruses using the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL.

Objectives: To develop a scale for the severity of mononucleosis.

Study Design: One to 5 percent of college students develop infectious mononucleosis annually, and about 10% meet criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 6 months following infectious mononucleosis. We developed a severity of mononucleosis scale based on a review of the literature. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 20;10:146. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Institute for Pathology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

To aid understanding of primary EBV infection, we have performed an in depth analysis of EBV-infected cells and of local immune cells in tonsils from infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients. We show that EBV is present in approximately 50% of B-cells showing heterogeneous patterns of latent viral gene expression probably reflecting different stages of infection. While the vast majority of EBV+ cells are B-cells, around 9% express T-cell antigens, with a predominance of CD8+ over CD4+ cells. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 19;10:125. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.

The evidence associating red meat consumption and risk of multiple sclerosis is inconclusive. We tested associations between red meat consumption and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD), often presaging a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. We used food frequency questionnaire data from the 2003-2006 Ausimmune Study, an incident, matched, case-control study examining environmental risk factors for FCD. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 1;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA.

Cervical necrotising fasciitis (NF) is an aggressive polymicrobial infection of the subcutaneous tissues in the head and neck. We present a case of a healthy 19-year-old man who developed cervical and upper mediastinal NF after an initial presentation of infectious mononucleosis (IM). He was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in addition to incision and drainage of an anterior neck and upper mediastinal abscess. Read More

Clin Transplant 2019 Feb 20:e13504. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Division of Infectious Diseases and The Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre.

Introduction: As a step toward evaluating the association between EBV genetic diversity and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), we conducted a preliminary study to compare the genetic diversity of the EBNA-1 gene among transplant patients and patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM).

Methods: We sequenced the EBNA-1 gene in blood samples from study subjects using Sanger methodology. The sequences were aligned with a reference strain and compared with publicly available sequences. Read More

Front Pediatr 2019 4;7:15. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) is an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease characterized by repeated or sustainable infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like symptoms. EBV is usually detected in B cells in patients who have IM or Burkitt's lymphoma and even in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, which is confirmed to have vulnerability to EBV infection. In contrast, EBV infects T cells (CD4 T, CD8 T, and γδT) or NK cells mono- or oligoclonally in CAEBV patients. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University School of Medicine, Japan.

Introduction: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common viral infection that typically causes fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy in young patients. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of IM, followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Given that serological testing is associated with limitations regarding its accuracy, availability, and time to receive results, clinical differentiation based on symptoms, signs, and basic tests would be useful. Read More

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87 - Fundos, 3° andar. Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20.551, Brazil.

Diphtheria by Corynebacterium ulcerans is increasingly occurring in children, adolescents and adults. In addition to diphtheria toxin (DT), phospholipase D (PLD) is considered a virulence factor of C. ulcerans. Read More

Histopathology 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL.

B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) of varied malignant potential occur in association with immunodeficiency and include among others, follicular hyperplasia, infectious mononucleosis-like hyperplasia, plasmacytic hyperplasia, polymorphic B-lymphoproliferative disorders and the recently described clinicopathologic entity named as EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBV-MCU). EBV-MCU is a localized and usually self-limited EBV-associated LPD characterized by a circumscribed ulcer involving oropharyngeal mucosa, skin, or gastrointestinal tract reported most often in elderly patients with presumed age-associated immunodeficiency. Histologically, EBV-MCU is characterized by a polymorphous infiltrate, which frequently includes atypical large B cells with Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) like cells admixed with abundant reactive T cells usually forming a rim around the base of the lesion. Read More

Ther Adv Infect Dis 2019 Jan-Dec;6:2049936118811208. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of General Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.

Background: Serum amyloid A (SAA) protein is a major acute phase protein. Increased concentrations have been reported in many inflammatory diseases. In bacterial infections, high levels correlate with those of C-reactive protein (CRP). Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 24;9(1):720. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a member of the Herpesviridae family and causes infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Even in the United States of America, the situation is alarming, as EBV affects 95% of the young population between 35 and 40 years of age. In this study, both linear and conformational B-cell epitopes as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes were predicted by using the ElliPro and NetCTL. Read More

Fatigue 2018 19;6(2):106-121. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Background: The purpose of the Collaborative on Fatigue Following Infection (COFFI) is for investigators of post-infection fatigue (PIF) and other syndromes to collaborate on these enigmatic and poorly understood conditions by studying relatively homogeneous populations with known infectious triggers. Utilizing COFFI, pooled data and stored biosamples will support both epidemiological and laboratory research to better understand the etiology and risk factors for development and progression of PIF.

Methods: COFFI consists of prospective cohorts from the UK, Netherlands, Norway, USA, New Zealand and Australia, with some cohorts closed and some open to recruitment. Read More

Nat Microbiol 2019 Mar 21;4(3):404-413. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is highly prevalent in humans and is implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) is an intractable disease classified as a lymphoproliferative disorder in the 2016 World Health Organization lymphoma classification. CAEBV is characterized by EBV-infected T/natural killer (NK) cells and recurrent/persistent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 18;19(1):68. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province, Sri Lanka.

Background: Infectious mononucleosis is one of the main manifestations of Epstein - Barr virus, which is characterized by fever, tonsillar-pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytes. Although 60% of patients with IMN develop cold type antibodies, clinically significant hemolytic anemia with a high ferritin level is very rare and validity of serum ferritin as an important biomarker has not been used frequently.

Case Presentation: 18-year-old girl presented with fever, malaise and sore throat with asymptomatic anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and mild hepatitis. Read More

MBio 2019 01 15;10(1). Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

The human persistent and oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was one of the first viruses that were described to express viral microRNAs (miRNAs). These have been proposed to modulate many host and viral functions, but their predominant role has remained unclear. We compared recombinant EBVs expressing or lacking miRNAs during infection of mice with reconstituted human immune system components and found that miRNA-deficient EBV replicates to lower viral titers with decreased frequencies of proliferating EBV-infected B cells. Read More

Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019 Jan 12;31(1). Epub 2019 Jan 12.

MD, MMedSci, DMSc, Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mt Scopus Campus, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Director, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Jerusalem, Israel.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;20(12):1030-1033

Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care Medicine Center of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, China.

A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of four children with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related acute liver failure. There were two boys and two girls with a median age of 10 months (range 8.5-44 months). Read More

J Virol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects the oropharynx but surprisingly frequently induces B-cell proliferations in the gut of immunosuppressed individuals. We found that EBV infection induces the expression of the LPAM-1 integrin on tonsillar B cells and increases it on peripheral blood cells. Similarly, LPAM-1 was induced in the tonsils of patients undergoing primary infectious mononucleosis. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 Mar;14(3):373-386

Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the risk of developing MS, but the exact cause still remains unidentified. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), vitamin D, and smoking are among the most well-established environmental risk factors in MS. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2018 Oct 24. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Xátiva, Valencia, España.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in children without previous diagnosis of any immune disease and its relationship with clinical presentation.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all children from 0 to 15 years with IgM against viral capsid of EBV positive or indeterminate during a 22 month period. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were analysed and compared between typical (mononucleosis syndrome) and non-typical clinical symptoms. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 12 6;14(12):e1007464. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany.

The ubiquitous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is etiologically linked to the development of several malignancies and autoimmune diseases. EBV has a multifaceted life cycle that comprises virus lytic replication and latency programs. Considering EBV infection holistically, we rationalized that prophylactic EBV vaccines should ideally prime the immune system against lytic and latent proteins. Read More

Virchows Arch 2019 Feb 28;474(2):219-226. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.

To describe the clinicopathological features of nine patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cytotoxic T cell lymphoid hyperplasia (EBV+TLH) in the upper aerodigestive tract, in which initial findings led to a preliminary misdiagnosis of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL). A series of nine cases of EBV+TLH in one Chinese institution over a 9-year interval was retrospectively analyzed. Median age was 16 years (range 5-29 years) with a M:F ratio of 5:4. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 11 27;15(12). Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Paediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an anthropozoonosis caused by an intracellular parasite belonging to the genus . In the Mediterranean region, and are responsible for VL and dogs are the main reservoir. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) represents a complication of VL and consists of unrestrained activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to uncontrolled immune activation. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Nov/Dec;93(6):786-799

Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

Epstein-Barr virus is a DNA virus infecting human beings and could affect 90% of human population. It is crucial to take in account that in Latin America, unlike what happens in developed countries, the exposure to the virus is very early and therefore people have a much longer interaction with the virus. The virus is related to many diseases, mainly the oncological ones, and when the onset is in cutaneous tissue, it can present many clinical variants, as well acute as chronic ones. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):69-80

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, 211 East Ontario - Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common and "can't miss" infections of the oropharynx, including streptococcal pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and epiglottitis. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2018 Nov 16. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, 28 Higashi-hirokute, Anjo-cho, Anjo, Aichi, 446-8602, Japan.

Herein, we describe an extremely rare case of gastritis due to concurrent infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) occurring in an immunocompetent adult. The patient was a 35-year-old man who presented with slight fever, nausea, anorexia, weight loss for 3 weeks, mild transaminitis, and leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The clinical presentation and elevated IgM titers to both EBV-VCA and CMV strongly suggested infectious mononucleosis syndrome caused by co-infection with EBV and CMV. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 31;9:922. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice (Pole Hospitalier NOL), CHU Nord, Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc, Université Jean Monnet, SNA EPIS EA 4607, Université de Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.

Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare central hypersomnia of unknown physiopathology. In this study, we determine if the presence of infectious mononucleosis evaluated by serological markers of Epstein Barr virus infection plays a role in this hypersomnia. Ten patients with a suspicion of IH underwent to clinical assessment, 24 h polysomnography, and serologic testing for mononucleosis including Viral Capside Antigen (VCA) IgG, the VCA IgM, and the EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA). Read More

Nat Microbiol 2019 Jan 12;4(1):78-88. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

The apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) cytosine deaminases provides innate immunity against virus and transposon replication. A well-studied mechanism is APOBEC3G restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which is counteracted by a virus-encoded degradation mechanism. Accordingly, most work has focused on retroviruses with obligate ssDNA replication intermediates and it is unclear whether large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses may be similarly susceptible to restriction. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2018 Oct 20;5(10):ofy262. Epub 2018 Oct 20.

Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis is a manifestation of primary CMV infection. This study aims to establish the link between long-term population CMV seroepidemiological trends and incidence of CMV mononucleosis requiring hospitalization. Furthermore, by analyzing serial laboratory data of patients hospitalized with CMV mononucleosis, we aim to provide insights into the natural history of this syndrome. Read More

Adv Respir Med 2018 ;86(5):249-254

Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, SDMZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Disease in Zabrze, Poland.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension caused by alteration of pulmonary veins. Many clinical and hemodynamic similarities to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) may cause diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. This case report is about a patient with PVOD, whose first symptoms of the disease occurred after infectious mononucleosis. Read More

JAAPA 2018 Nov;31(11):52-53

Joel Schwartzkopf practices at Colorado State University Health Network in Fort Collins, Colo. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Case Rep Crit Care 2018 25;2018:9756050. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Caserta Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Italy.

The authors describe the case of a young woman who developed a clinical pictures resembling a septic shock-related multiple organ dysfunction syndrome a couple of months after having been diagnosed suffering from a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with an infectious mononucleosis. Despite the aggressive treatment, which included antibiotics, vasopressors, IV immunoglobulins, and the use of an extracorporeal device aimed to remove mediators released both during sepsis and the cytokine storm determined by the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, the patient died. At the autopsy, an extremely uncommon aggressive lymphoma of Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-lymphocytes with systemic involvement was discovered. Read More

Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Sep 1;56(3):183-184. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Medical Student, Athens University, Athens, Greece.

Proteomics Clin Appl 2018 Oct 11:e1800067. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gamma herpes virus that infects human epithelial cells and B lymphocytes. It would be potentially valuable to develop novel combined assays to benefit screening for large panels of samples of EBV infectious diseases.

Experimental Design: A simple antigen-probed biochip that is modified with S-S-PEG-COOH and is used as a label-free high-throughput screening method for a combined detection of EBV capsid antigen IgM antibody, capsid antigen IgG antibody, and nuclear antigen IgG antibody. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2018 Oct;14(622):1799-1802

Service des maladies infectieuses, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Hôpital du Valais, Avenue du Grand-Champsec 86, 1950 Sion.

Most cases of infectious mononucleosis are caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, other rare but potentially serious etiologies need to be considered. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii infections, although generally benign, can cause severe congenital infections. Read More

Minerva Pediatr 2018 10;70(5):425-429

IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical and Oral Sciences, and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common disease of adolescents and young adults, characterized by a specific triad of symptoms represented by fever, sore throat and lymphadenopathy. IM may also affect older adults, with different, more intense signs and symptoms such as fatigue, general malaise, and diffuse body pain. The aim of this four-week-registry study was to evaluate the effects of Robuvit® supplementation on the main consequences of mononucleosis, particularly fatigue, in otherwise healthy adults. Read More

Clin Chem Lab Med 2018 Sep 29. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.

Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load monitoring in blood is essential for the diagnosis of EBV-associated diseases. However, the best-suited blood compartment for detection is still under discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of EBV-DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma and whole blood (WB) samples. Read More

Brain Behav Immun 2019 Jan 25;75:94-100. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Dept. of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Norway. Electronic address:

Introduction: Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a trigger of chronic fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). This study investigated baseline predictors of chronic fatigue six months after an acute EBV infection.

Materials And Methods: A total of 200 adolescents (12-20 years old) with acute EBV infection were assessed for 149 possible baseline predictors and followed prospectively. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 09 24;14(9):e1007110. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Human herpesviruses are antigenically rich agents that induce strong CD8+T cell responses in primary infection yet persist for life, continually challenging T cell memory through recurrent lytic replication and potentially influencing the spectrum of antigen-specific responses. Here we describe the first lytic proteome-wide analysis of CD8+ T cell responses to a gamma1-herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the first such proteome-wide analysis of primary versus memory CD8+ T cell responses to any human herpesvirus. Primary effector preparations were generated directly from activated CD8+ T cells in the blood of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients by in vitro mitogenic expansion. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(38):e12380

Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam.

Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is common in childhood, and dual positivity of serum EBV IgM and cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM antibodies occur in some cases. This study aimed to evaluate the cause of EBV and CMV IgM dual positivity to determine whether it represents a false-positive finding or a true coinfection.A total of 494 children diagnosed with primary EBV infection, manifesting as infectious mononucleosis, were recruited. Read More

Intern Med 2019 Feb 12;58(4):585-591. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) T-cell type infection, systemic form, is characterized by persistent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels in the peripheral blood, organ damage, and a poor prognosis. The association between CAEBV and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. We report a case of fatal CAEBV T-cell type infection in an RA patient undergoing treatment with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein (abatacept, ABT). Read More

Med Microbiol Immunol 2019 Feb 10;208(1):81-88. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Virology Department, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been identified as a group 1 carcinogenic agent, particularly for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The sequence diversity of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) reflects region-restricted polymorphisms, which may be associated with the development of certain malignancies. The aims of the present study were to evaluate EBV EBNA1 gene polymorphisms circulating in NPC, infectious mononucleosis, and isolates from patients with transplanted organs to determine if EBNA1 sequence specificities are useful as viral biomarkers for NPC. Read More

IDCases 2018 30;14:e00445. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

Infectious Disease Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in healthy adults is usually asymptomatic or causes a mild mononucleosis syndrome, while severe infections are rare in immunocompetent patients and poorly documented. When described, gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous systems are the most frequent sites of severe CMV infection. Lung disease can occur, but it's rare. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Sep 6;16(3):2060-2065. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China.

Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) rarely occurs with annular erythema multiforme-like rashes. The present case report describes a patient who was misdiagnosed with erythema multiforme at an early stage of the disease due to annular erythema multiforme-like eruptions. However, antihistamine treatment was ineffective. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 4;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Department of Otolaryngology, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.

A previously healthy 22-year-old woman presented with acute, unilateral facial and neck swelling, associated with fever and malaise. She was initially treated with intravenous antibiotics; however, CT imaging showed unilateral, synchronous swelling and inflammation of the parotid and submandibular glands, and a PCR swab from the parotid duct was positive for mumps. She was fully immunised and had no contact in the preceding period with anyone diagnosed with mumps. Read More