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Microbiol Immunol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Wenzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, China.

This study aimed to investigate the proportion of surface activation markers on natural killer (NK) cells in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and to explore its clinical relevance. A total of 17 children hospitalized with IM were included in this study as the experimental group. Meanwhile, healthy children matched for age and gender served as controls. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 1;13(5):e14790. Epub 2021 May 1.

Neurology, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, ECU.

Despite the widespread Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, we continue to see new reports with strange and unusual manifestations of the infection, which raises the question of how well we understand this pathogen. The age of contracting the infection is increasing in developed countries, which is changing the clinical presentation of those who get infected during their adolescence or early adulthood. In these stages, liver involvement is more prominent, and other physical symptoms are less apparent. Read More

Leuk Lymphoma 2021 Jun 3:1-9. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is prevalent and associated with distinct diseases including infectious mononucleosis (IM), chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL). However, the specific roles of EBV in these diseases remain unclear. Here, the whole miRNA expression datasets derived from 7 IM, 6 CAEBV, and 3 NKTL biopsies were obtained. Read More

Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021 May 1;52:101900. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China. Electronic address:

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare immunodeficiency disease characterized by severe immune disorder and extreme vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Here we report a 14-month-old Chinese boy presenting with fulminant infectious mononucleosis (FIM) following EBV infection, and died of hepatic failure within one week of disease progression. Postmortem examination revealed icterus, ascites, extensive enlarged mesenteric lymphnodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Read More

J Clin Pathol 2021 May 19. Epub 2021 May 19.

Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

To describe the clincopathological features and evaluate risk factors of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT), with comparison between paediatric and adult .Clinicopathological features of 81 cases of PTLD after allo-HSCT were analysed by histopatholgy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisatioin.The cases included 58 males and 23 females with a median age of 26. Read More

Anal Methods 2021 Jun 19;13(22):2519-2526. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, the Clinical Laboratory Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a tumor-associated virus naturally transmitted through saliva. This virus is the pathogen of infectious mononucleosis, which is closely related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and childhood lymphoma. Although a majority of EBV infected individuals exhibited good tolerance after primary infection, those who carry a viral load greater than the clinical cutoff value (COV), the upper level in healthy carriers, still suffer a high risk of cancer. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 5;14(5). Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition of uncontrolled immune activation as a result of an inherited genetic defect or in response to malignancy, autoimmune disease, rheumatological disease, AIDS infection or post-transplant immunosuppression. Described here is the case of a 19-year-old Caucasian man who presented with complaints of worsening fever, new-onset jaundice and lethargy after failing treatment for suspected infectious mononucleosis. Physical examination was significant for fever and splenomegaly while laboratory results revealed transaminitis, cytopaenia, indirect hyperbilirubinaemia and elevated ferritin, raising the likelihood of both autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and HLH. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 May 3;15(1):257. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan.

Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) and mononucleosis-like illnesses are common viral infectious diseases which are often accompanied by a high fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy in adults, although such infection in childhood is generally subclinical. Most cases of IM are caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, it is difficult to diagnose IM only with subjective symptoms, and thus EBV and CMV are nearly indistinguishable in clinical practice. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 04 13;18(8). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Childhood adversities (CAs) and infections may affect the timing of reproductive development. We examined the associations of indicators of CAs and exposure to tonsillitis and infectious mononucleosis (mono) with age at menarche. A multiethnic cohort of 400 women (ages 40-64 years) reported exposure to parental maltreatment and maladjustment during childhood and any diagnosis of tonsillitis and/or mono; infections primarily acquired in early life and adolescence, respectively. Read More

Curr Sports Med Rep 2021 May;20(5):250-251

Auris Nasus Larynx 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.

It has generally been reported that patients with COVID-19 show a fever, cough, and/or respiratory failure as the most common clinical symptoms but some have unusual symptoms, such as anosmia, diarrhea, and throat pain. We herein report a 26-year-old woman with chief complaints of lymphadenopathy and a fever. First, she underwent a laboratory examination, which showed a high proportion of atypical lymphocytes (19%) and an increase in hepatic enzyme activities, and was then hospitalized with a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Read More

Front Immunol 2021 9;12:653974. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.

This study discusses substantive advances in T cell proliferation analysis, with the aim to provoke a re-evaluation of the generally-held view that Ki-67 is a reliable proliferation marker , and to offer a more sensitive and effective method for T cell cycle analysis, with informative examples in mouse and human settings. We summarize recent experimental work from our labs showing that, by Ki-67/DNA dual staining and refined flow cytometric methods, we were able to identify T cells in the S-G/M phases of the cell-cycle in the peripheral blood (collectively termed "T Double S" for T cells in S-phase : in short "T" cells). Without our refinement, such cells may be excluded from conventional lymphocyte analyses. Read More

Int J Lab Hematol 2021 Apr 23. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

U.O. Patologia Clinica A.O.R.N. "G. Rummo", Benevento, Italy.

Introduction: 3D-DIFF scattergram of the Mindray BC-6800 haematological analyser shows morphological abnormalities and lymphocyte cluster splitting related to the presence of reactive lymphocytes. This study aims to assess whether these cytographic changes are useful in detecting both activated and apoptotic lymphocytes, leading to an improvement in the laboratory diagnostic process of infectious mononucleosis.

Methods: Two hundred three samples with modified shape and doubled lymphocyte cluster of DIFF scattergram (study group) were divided into two different subgroups: with and, respectively, without serological evidence of ongoing IM. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021 Jun 13;30(6):1035-1047. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has long been a source of fascination due to the malignancy's striking geographic distribution, the involvement of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the unique association with intake of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, and etiologic heterogeneity by histologic subtype.

Methods: This review summarizes the current epidemiologic literature on NPC, highlighting recent results from our population-based case-control study in southern China.

Results: Findings from our case-control study provide new insight into the epidemiology of NPC, including a diminished role of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, a profound impact of EBV genetic sequence variation, modest positive associations with passive smoking and household air pollution, and possible effects of oral health and the oral microbiome. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Mar 19;9(3). Epub 2021 Mar 19.

The Institute for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is strongly implicated in the etiology of multiple lymphoid and epithelial cancers. EBV core fusion machinery envelope proteins gH/gL and gB coordinately mediate EBV fusion and entry into its target cells, B lymphocytes and epithelial cells, suggesting these proteins could induce antibodies that prevent EBV infection. We previously reported that the immunization of rabbits with recombinant EBV gH/gL or trimeric gB each induced markedly higher serum EBV-neutralizing titers for B lymphocytes than that of the leading EBV vaccine candidate gp350. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 1;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal EPE, Setúbal, Portugal.

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a self-limited condition, mainly affecting children younger than 6 years, less common in adolescents and adults. It consists of a viral exanthema with papular lesions with a flat top and symmetrical distribution, affecting predominantly extremities, gluteal region and extensor surfaces. It is often associated with viral infections but can also be related to bacterial infections, vaccination or be idiopathic. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 31;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare diagnosis that carries a high degree of mortality. We present this case of a previously healthy 22-year-old woman, who was admitted acutely ill to the hospital. One week prior, she had been seen by her primary care physician for fatigue and malaise. Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2021 12;2021:6623834. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is usually self-limited. It presents with fever, pharyngitis, fatigue, and cervical lymph node enlargement. It is common among adolescents and young adults. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2021 Mar 8;2021(3):rjab039. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City-National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a syndrome caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. IM typically presents with fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. Rarely, it can cause acute appendicitis. Read More

Oncol Lett 2021 Apr 10;21(4):280. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mainly causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several neoplasms, including Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative disease. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulates enzymatic activity of telomerase and is closely associated with tumorigenesis and senescence evasion. Triptolide (TP) is a diterpenoid triepoxide, with a broad-spectrum anticancer and immunosuppressive bioactivity profile. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2021 03;57(3):459

Department of General Paediatrics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Br J Biomed Sci 2021 Jul 14;78(3):107-116. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.

EBV is the sole causative agent of the acute illness in humans described either as infectious mononucleosis (IM), or glandular fever. IM, when not clinically silent, can present in patients with at least two of the classic triad of symptoms of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. Challenges for the clinician arise when atypical cases present. Read More

J Med Virol 2021 Mar 14. Epub 2021 Mar 14.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent herpesvirus associated with multiple diseases. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of primary EBV infection disease spectrum and reactivation in children, in Suzhou, China. All children admitted to the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between May 2018 and September 2020 with suspected EBV-associated disease and subjected to the indirect immunofluorescence assay for EBV-specific antibodies and plasma EBV-DNA assays were included. Read More

J Gen Fam Med 2021 Mar 18;22(2):75-80. Epub 2020 Oct 18.

Division of General Internal Medicine Jichi Medical University Hospital Shimotsuke-shi Japan.

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is commonly seen in general practice, and its etiology is diverse. Establishing the diagnostic strategy for lymphadenopathy would be desirable to avoid overlooking neoplasms or other critical conditions. This study aims to identify the useful laboratory parameters for cervical lymphadenopathy that require clinical observation or intervention. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 8;13(2):e13218. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota, Fargo, USA.

Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. More common infectious causes include infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria. We present a case of a 42-year-old male who was admitted with persistent fevers, myalgia, and a recent ulcerative lesion on the base of his left thumb after a cat bite. Read More

QJM 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.

A 72-year-old previously healthy man consulted in our hospital for persistent moderate headache, accompanied by flexor pain of both thighs and low-grade fever for five days. Although the symptoms were worsened by motion, he noticed the flexor pain was most severe when taking a bow. On physical examination, he was fully alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Read More

Rev Med Virol 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used as antiviral agents for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. We performed a systematic review to examine whether prior clinical studies that compared the effects of CQ and HCQ to a control for the treatment of non-SARS-CoV2 infection supported the use of these agents in the present SARS-CoV2 outbreak. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science (PROSPERO CRD42020183429) were searched from inception through 2 April 2020 without language restrictions. Read More

Brain 2021 Mar 9. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

The involvement of specific viral and bacterial infections as risk factors for multiple sclerosis has been studied extensively. However, whether this extends to infections in a broader sense is less clear and little is known about whether risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis is associated with other types and sites of infections, such as of the CNS. This study aims to assess if hospital-diagnosed infections by type and site before age 20 years are associated with risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis and whether this association is explained entirely by infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, and CNS infections. Read More

Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2021 ;118(3):245-250

Department of Surgery, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital.

A 17-year-old young man visited our hospital because of severe upper abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal perforation. Emergent surgical treatment was performed, and the perforated lesion of the stomach was repaired. He recovered and was discharged without any complication at 14 days postoperatively. Read More