J Dermatol 2017 May 14;44(5):549-551. Epub 2016 Nov 14.

Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016 Oct;140(10):1153-6

From the Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.

Infantile digital fibroma is a rare benign lesion that usually occurs during the first 2 years of life. It can be multiple, but it is usually a single lesion. If it grows large enough it can cause joint deformities or interfere with everyday activities. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2016 Jul 16;33(4):e252-3. Epub 2016 May 16.

Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Herein we present the case of a 16-month boy, clinically diagnosed with infantile digital fibromatosis, but 9 months after continued growth, the mass was excised and the histopathologic diagnosis was that of a benign nerve sheath myxoma. We present this case to emphasize that nerve sheath myxomas (also known as myxoid neurothekeoma) should be included in the differential diagnosis of dermal nodules in infants. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2016 Mar-Apr;61(2):222-4

Department of Paediatrics, R.C.S.M. Government Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Int J Dermatol 2015 Nov 30;54(11):1214-25. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

Veterans Affairs Hospital & SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

There is little discussion of tumors arising in the digits in the dermatology literature. The patient with an undifferentiated mass of the finger is frequently encountered in the clinic, and variances in presentation of common and uncommon entities pose a challenge that may prompt further investigation for proper diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the authors illustrate the approach and work-up of an unknown digit mass of a 45-year-old female patient. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014 Dec;12(12):1141-2

Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Germany.

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014 Mar 12;141(3):244-6. Epub 2013 Dec 12.

Service de dermatologie, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, hôpital Habib-Thameur, 8, rue Ali Ben Ayed-Montfleury, 1008 Tunis, Tunisie.

Dermatol Online J 2014 Feb 18;20(2). Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia.

Infantile digital fibromatosis is a rare benign fibro/myofibroblastic proliferation that almost only occurs on the fingers and toes. It is characterized by bright, round, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions. We present a case of infantile digital fibromatosis in a 6-years-old child. Read More

Hand (N Y) 2013 Dec;8(4):473-8

Department of Dermatology, University Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Histopathology 2014 Apr 12;64(5):752-5. Epub 2013 Dec 12.

Department of Pathology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.

Indian J Dermatol 2013 Mar;58(2):160

Department of Pediatrics, Yüzüncü Yil University, Van, Turkey.

A 9-day-old male baby was hospitalized after his birth due to some swells under the skin. The hard consistency nodules observed under the skin all over the body of the patient were of different size, and presented lesions, among which the biggest was 1 × 1 cm. No lesions were observed on the fingers. Read More

J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2014 Oct 11;39(8):888-9. Epub 2013 Apr 11.

Westmead Children's Hospital, NSW, Australia.

Int J Dermatol 2014 Jan 20;53(1):e16-8. Epub 2013 Jan 20.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China E-mail:

Arch Dis Child 2013 Apr 15;98(4):308. Epub 2012 Dec 15.

Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS - Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65, Trieste 34100, Italy.

Australas J Dermatol 2012 Nov 13;53(4):285-7. Epub 2011 Jun 13.

Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Foundation of IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, Milan, Italy.

Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) is a rare tumour of infancy with a typical clinical presentation and characteristic histopathological findings. Despite an alarming appearance, IDF does not cause deep infiltration or metastasis. The traditional approach of surgical resection was recently challenged by increasing evidence of self regression in months or years. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2012 May-Jun;87(3):493-4

Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Infantile digital fibromatosis or Reye's tumor is a benign fibroproliferative tumor, the etiopathogenesis of which has yet to be fully clarified. It typically presents at birth or in the first year of life and is characterized by a firm, flesh colored or erythematous nodule or nodules located on the digits. These lesions tend to regress spontaneously. Read More

Arch Pediatr 2012 Mar 27;19(3):285-7. Epub 2012 Jan 27.

Service de pathologie, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.

Infantile digital fibromatosis or inclusion body fibromatosis is a rare, benign fibroproliferative lesion with recurrent potential that occurs on the digits of infants. A highly characteristic morphologic finding is the presence of paranuclear inclusion within the tumoral cells. We report here a case occurring in an 8-month-old infant with 2 asynchronous lesions of the toes. Read More

Acta Cytol 2011 8;55(5):481-4. Epub 2011 Oct 8.

Department of Cytopathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Background: Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) or inclusion body fibromatosis is a benign proliferation of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cells. Its most common site is the digits of young children and it is named for the intracytoplasmic inclusions that are detected in lesional cells.

Case: A two and a half-year-old male child presented with a single flesh-colored nodule on the dorsal aspect of his right little toe since the sixth month of life. Read More

Chir Main 2011 Feb 12;30(1):62-5. Epub 2011 Jan 12.

Centro Regionale di Chirurgia della Mano, Ospedale San Paolo, Via Genova, Savona, Italy.

Infantile fibromatosis is an uncommon benign proliferation of myofibroblasts in the dermal tissue on the digits and toes with a marked tendency for recurrence. Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of neoplastic fibroblasts are a characteristic histologic feature of this condition. The tumor may often resolve spontaneously. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011 May;64(5):632-7

Department of Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK.

Background: Infantile Digital Fibromatosis (IDF) is a benign, often asymptomatic nodular proliferation of fibrous tissue occurring almost exclusively on the extremities. Conventional treatment has included radical surgery but this is associated with a high level of recurrence. Whilst some authors suggest a strictly conservative approach, this is unacceptable when lesions become symptomatic from pain, contracture formation or functional deformity

Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of 12 symptomatic lesions of which 7 were treated with a novel technique of intra-lesional steroid. Read More

Hautarzt 2010 Oct;61(10):888-90

Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg.

The term infantile digital fibromatosis describes a benign tumor of the group of fibromatoses. The prevalence rate is approximately 2.5% of all fibromatoses. Read More

Rare Tumors 2009 Dec 28;1(2):e47. Epub 2009 Dec 28.

Departments of Dermatology and.

Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) is a rare benign fibroproliferative tumor of early childhood. IDF preferentially affects the fingers and the toes. Malignant transformation or metastases have never been reported. Read More

Hand (N Y) 2009 Mar 2;4(1):2-11. Epub 2008 Dec 2.

Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6624 Fannin St. #2730, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Non-malignant fibrosing tumors in the pediatric hand or juvenile fibromatoses are clinically challenging because of their relatively infrequent occurrence and because of the variety of names associated with these diseases. We conducted a review of a personal case series of pediatric patients with these tumors and discuss here the more common histologic types and clinical characteristics of the disease spectrum in the context of the available published literature. All histologic samples were reviewed by a single pathologist. Read More

Pediatr Dev Pathol 2009 Jul-Aug;12(4):292-6

Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Nuclear immunoreactivity for beta-catenin is a useful adjunct for diagnosis of adult desmoid-type fibromatoses, many of which exhibit mutations within the APC/beta-catenin (Wnt) pathway. Pediatric fibromatoses represent a heterogeneous group of lesions that are diagnostically challenging, especially on biopsy. We studied beta-catenin expression in a variety of pediatric fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2009 Jan;33(1):1-13

Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 69 pediatric examples of infantile digital fibroma/fibromatosis (IDF) were analyzed. Thirty males, 26 females, and 1 child (sex unstated) ranging from newborn to 120 months of age (median, 12 mo) manifested 74 lesions (5 identified in follow-up) involving the toe or finger (n=71) and the hand or foot (n=3). Tumors ranged in size from 3 to 35 (median, 10) mm. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2008 Oct;61(4):472-6

Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Infantile digital fibromas are rare benign neoplasms that occur principally in children and are usually confined to the digits. These lesions are similar in appearance to several benign and malignant lesions, and biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis. The tumor is composed of myofibroblasts, which contain pathognomonic intracellular inclusion bodies. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2008 Jul;59(1):122-3

Pediatr Dermatol 2008 Jan-Feb;25(1):72-5

Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Infantile digital fibromatosis is a benign proliferation of myofibroblasts with characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Clinically, patients present in the first several years of life with asymptomatic, smooth, flesh-colored nodules located on the dorsal or lateral aspect of the fingers or toes. The lesions have a tendency for spontaneous regression and recur over 60% of the time following excision. Read More

Breast J 2008 Mar-Apr;14(2):198-9. Epub 2008 Feb 10.

Department of Histopathology, Leighton Hospital, Cheshire, UK.

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007 Jul;131(7):1126-9

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine-Starr 1009, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Fibroepithelial lesions are uncommon in the male breast. Most published reports describe phyllodes tumors. Fibroadenomas are very common in female breasts, but are exceedingly rare in the male breast. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2007 May-Jun;24(3):280-4

Unité de Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre Nation de Références pour les Maladies Rares, Bordeaux, France.

Infantile digital fibromatosis is a rare benign fibromatous tumor characterized by both its location on fingers and toes and its distinctive light microscopic appearance. However, treatment modalities are not yet standardized. Surgical excision had been preferred in the past but has the disadvantage of a high recurrence rate. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2007 Jun;43(6):505-6

Dermatol Surg 2007 Mar;33(3):385-7

Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA.

J Pediatr Orthop B 2007 Mar;16(2):110-2

School of Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

The authors report a case series on four patients with infantile digital fibromatosis located on pedal digits. Surgical excision was performed in all cases, with no evidence of recurrence. It is a rare form of juvenile fibromatosis, which presents on the fingers and toes of infants and children. Read More

Arch Dermatol 2005 May;141(5):549-50

Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea.

Int J Surg Pathol 2005 Apr;13(2):181-4

Department of Pathology, Hospital de Niños Superiora Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.

This report describes the histologic and immunohistochemical features of a peculiar type of digital fibroma that shares some clinical and microscopic features with the more common inclusion-body type infantile digital fibromatosis. However, this type does not exhibit inclusion bodies and its cells are reactive for vimentin but not for actin. Significantly, it presents in combination with a constellation of other clinical findings, i. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2002 Oct;28(10):959-61

Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.

Background: Infantile digital fibroma (IDF) is a rare benign fibrous tumor of childhood that frequently recurs despite local excision. Conservative, nonsurgical management may result in regression and/or joint deformity.

Objective: To describe the histologic features of IDF and discuss a case excised using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2002 Sep-Oct;19(5):462-3

Pediatr Dermatol 2002 Jul-Aug;19(4):370-1

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2001 Apr;44(2):135-6

Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

We present here a rare case of Infantile Digital Fibromatosis in a six year old female child who presented with recurrent swelling over the phalanx of left middle finger. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2001 Oct;36(10):1587-9

Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Ankara Numune Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Infantile digital fibromatosis (recurrent digital fibromatosis) is a rare, benign fibrous growth of childhood. The authors present a case of a 16-year-old child with an infantile digital fibromatosis on the volar surface of the right little finger at the distal interphalangeal joint level. After excision of the tumor, histopathologic diagnosis was shown to be infantile digital fibromatosis. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2001 Aug;25(2):115-7

Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.

The occurrence of hyaline inclusions in stromal cells in fibroepithelial tumors of the breast is very uncommon. These inclusions, characteristic of infantile digital fibromatosis, are comprised of actin filaments. This report illustrates a case of a benign phyllodes tumor of the breast with inclusion bodies, identified by fine-needle aspiration. Read More

Mod Pathol 2001 Jul;14(7):695-701

Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.

Whereas deep fibromatoses (abdominal, extra-abdominal, mesenteric) display locally aggressive behavior, superficial fibromatoses typically remain small and less likely to recur despite essentially identical morphology. Somatic beta-catenin or APC gene mutations have been reported in < or =74% of sporadic deep fibromatoses and in virtually 100% of Gardner syndrome-associated fibromatoses, whereas genetic events in superficial fibromatoses remain less well characterized. We performed immunohistochemical staining for beta-catenin on 29 superficial fibromatoses (22 palmar, 5 plantar, 1 penile, and 1 infantile digital fibromatosis) and 5 deep fibromatoses. Read More

Radiographics 2001 May-Jun;21(3):585-600

Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

The musculoskeletal fibromatoses comprise a wide range of lesions with a common histopathologic appearance. They can be divided into two major groups: superficial and deep. The superficial fibromatoses are typically small, slow-growing lesions and include palmar fibromatosis, plantar fibromatosis, juvenile aponeurotic fibroma, and infantile digital fibroma. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2001 Jan;46(1):62-7

Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Infantile myofibromatosis, both solitary and multicentric types, is discussed with emphasis on the importance of diagnosing this condition correctly. Its distinctive clinical and histological characteristics are described, as are the hazards of overhasty and overly ambitious surgical intervention. Other similarly presenting fibromatous diseases of infancy and childhood are discussed, including aplasia cutis, infantile fibrosarcoma, recurring infantile digital fibromatosis, and juvenile aponeurotic fibromatosis. Read More

Burns 2001 Feb;27(1):89-90

Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576 119, Karnataka, India.

Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) is a form of fibromatosis usually restricted to childhood. Typically occuring on fingers and toes of children and rarely in the oral cavity [Canioni et al. Pathol. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2000 Nov;143(5):1107-8

J Pediatr Surg 1999 Jul;34(7):1112-4

British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.

Background/purpose: Fibromatoses represent a spectrum of nonneoplastic spindle cell tumors frequently identified in childhood. Although they may be locally aggressive, they do not metastasize. The authors have reviewed their experience of these lesions in an attempt to identify clinical and pathological features suggestive of recurrence. Read More

J Dermatol 1998 Aug;25(8):523-6

Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.

We reported a fourteen-month-old boy with infantile digital fibromatosis. At the age of seven months, a nodule appeared on the back of the left third toe, and developed into a slight red tumor divided into five hemispherical nodules. Histopathologically, spindle-shaped tumor cells with an eosinophilic inclusion body in the cytoplasm were seen in the dermis. Read More

Pathologe 1998 May;19(3):176-86

Institut für Pathologie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena.

This review summarizes myofibroblastic tumours that have been characterized in the last years. These lesions include: fibromatoses in adults and infants (infantile digital fibromatosis and infantile myofibromatosis); myofibroma of adults, an almost exclusively solitary lesion in the skin which is characterized morphologically as a biphasic lesion composed of spindle-shaped eosinophilic tumour cells and more primitive mesenchymal tumour cells associated with a haemangiopericytoma-like vasculature; dermatomyofibroma (plaque-like dermal fibromatosis), a band-like myofibroblastic proliferation in young female patients, which is mainly located in the periaxillar region and in which distinction from more aggressive, plaque-like variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is mandatory; myofibroblastoma of the breast, a well-circumscribed lesion composed of spindle shaped, desmin-positive tumour cells, which is seen mainly in elderly male patients and has to be distinguished from other spindle cell lesions of the breast; angiomyofibroblastoma, a well-circumscribed myofibroblastic neoplasm of the vulva and vagina composed of avoid to round myoid tumour cells with scattered multinucleated cells, which forms a continuous morphological spectrum with the clinically more aggressive angiomyxoma in this location; intranodal myofibroblastoma, a distinctive proliferation of myofibroblastic cells associated with so-called amianthoid fibres, which is seen most commonly in inguinal lymph nodes; myofibroblastoma/myofibroblastic tumour of soft tissues, a variably well-circumscribed myofibroblastic lesion which lacks atypia and is composed of actin and/or desmin positive tumour cells, and poorly delineated sarcomas with myofibroblastic differentiation (myofibrosarcoma). Read More