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Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

The bowel is a challenging abdominal organ to image. The main reason is the variable location, convoluted morphology and motility. A variety of bowel disorders such as congenital, developmental, inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic lesions can affect children and most of them are either unique to this age group or have a distinct clinico-radiological appearance compared to adults. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Chest is the commonest site of involvement by tuberculosis (TB) in children; lungs being the most frequently affected region, followed by nodes, pleura and chest wall. It is difficult to diagnose TB in children due to lack of overt symptoms and difficulty in obtaining samples for microbiological confirmation. Hence various imaging modalities play an important role in diagnostic algorithm as well as in follow-up after treatment. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a fatal complication of short bowel syndrome managed with parenteral nutrition. A clinical cohort study reported the usefulness of parenteral administration of fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids in improving IFALD; however, no biomarker has been developed as yet. The authors report the case of a preterm infant with IFALD complicated by extensive short bowel syndrome. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Growthand Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Block V, Lower Ground Floor, Jehangir Hospital, 32, Sassoon Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India.

Objectives: To assess the upper body segment (US), lower body segment (LS) and US:LS ratio for children from birth to 18 y of age and to compare these data with other US:LS ratio norms from previously reported studies.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in children [birth to 18 y; n = 5454 children (3158 boys)] residing in Pune city, Western India, from December 2015 through June 2017, to evaluate the US, LS and the US:LS ratio.

Results: The mean US:LS ratio in boys at birth was 1. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, The CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, 12-A, Nageswara Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600034, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, -110095, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Former Professor and Head, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: To identify prognostic factors and indications in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to demonstrate their effect on mortality.

Methods: A total of 63 patients admitted between 2011 and 2014 were included in the study. The demographic information, pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores, vasoactive-inotropic score, indication for CRRT, time of starting CRRT, presence of fluid overload, durations of CRRT, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Tuberculosis (TB), once widely prevalent throughout the world, experienced falling incidence rates in early twentieth century in developed nations, even before the introduction of anti-TB drugs, attributed to improved hygiene and living conditions. Active TB may develop following fresh infection or activation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI is a state of persistent bacterial viability, however, the host stays asymptomatic and there is no evidence of clinically active tuberculosis. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Family Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Neonatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 110002, India.

RMNCH+A is a platform for delivering adolescent, maternal, newborn and child health in an integrated manner using a life cycle approach. The new initiatives under this strategy that would impact newborn health include antenatal corticosteroids in preterm labor, delayed clamping of cord at birth, skin-to-skin contact at birth and Kangaroo mother care, Family participatory care, Lactation management centers and care beyond newborn survival under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram. Even though the coverage of many of the existing initiatives has been moderately high, there are concerns about the quality of delivery of these interventions and slow progress in the roll out of the newer interventions. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Chest radiographs and CT scans have been the cornerstone of pulmonary imaging given their advantages of being rapid and easily available techniques. However, a significant concern with their use in the pediatric population is the associated ionisation radiation. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pulmonary imaging has lagged behind its adoption in other organ systems. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695504, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Children suffer a huge and often an unrecognized burden of tuberculosis (TB) in endemic countries like India. Better data have improved the visibility of childhood TB, but the establishment of functional TB prevention and treatment programs for children remains challenging. Barriers to TB prevention include: 1) non-implementation of existing guidelines, 2) perceived inability to rule out active TB with fear of creating drug resistance and 3) limited local guidance on the use of preventive therapy after close contact with drug resistant TB. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Objective: To prospectively assess the growth parameters in a cohort of children with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia, comprehensively profile their clinical data and evaluate the prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors among affected boys.

Methods: Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia aged 0-18 y were prospectively followed up for six mo to 2 y (mean follow-up: 17 ± 6 mo). Baseline data were obtained by interviewing parents and from clinic records. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children tends to be more severe than the adults. It can affect almost any organ system of the body. The clinical manifestations are often non-specific. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Objective: To assess serum sclerostin levels in relation to severity of arthropathy and bone mineral density (BMD) in children with hemophilic arthropathy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 male children suffering from Hemophilia A, and 10 matched healthy controls. Assessment of factor VIII deficiency degree, frequency of bleeding, type of treatment, body mass index (BMI), disease severity using the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and lumbar spine (LS) Z score for bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorbiometry was done. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.

Objective: Cholestatic jaundice in early infancy is a complex diagnostic challenge. Cholestasis caused by endocrine disease is rare and poorly recognized. The aim of this paper is to report patients with liver dysfunctions resulting from hypopituitarism. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 19;86(Suppl 1):15-19. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Objective: Overweight and obesity in children is associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular impairments, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the causal pathway from OSA to obesity is not fully known yet. The aim of this study was to explore the association between OSA and obesity-related metabolic outcomes in obese Indian children. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Pediatrics, KAHER's University's J N Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.

Approximately 25,000 children develop multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) each year, but few of them are diagnosed and appropriately treated for MDR-TB. New diagnostic tools have improved our ability to diagnose children with bacteriologically confirmed TB earlier. However, the majority of childhood TB cases are not bacteriologically confirmed; therefore a high index of suspicion is needed, and taking a detailed history of contact with drug-resistant source cases and previous TB treatment is important to identify presumed MDR-TB cases. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb;86(2):208

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 16. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospitals, New Delhi, India.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains a significant health challenge globally with its overwhelming effects on skeletal growth and varied associations with extra-skeletal diseases. The last decade has reported a high prevalence of VDD in all age-groups across all zones of India. Children and adolescents are most vulnerable to ill-effects of VDD as peak linear growth and bone mass accrual occurs during these years. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 16;86(Suppl 1):10-14. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Objective: To present a snapshot of 10 y of pediatric research, with a focus on trials with at least one enrolling site in India.

Methods: The study included all interventional trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2006 through December 2015, enrolling patients aged 0 to 18 y. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi, India.

High dose vitamin A (HDVA) concentrate began to be distributed in India in 1970 as a short-term, stop-gap approach to reduce clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency. As this problem declined globally, the purpose of distributing them changed to the reduction of young child mortality. However, their impact on this has also declined, if not disappeared, as suggested in India by the enormous DEVTA study. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.

Objectives: To evaluate the level of health-related quality of life (QoL) and presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Serbian children with celiac disease from the perspective of patients and their parents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the group of children and adolescents with celiac disease aged 5-18 y, and at least one parent of each patient with celiac disease. The patients and their parents were recruited at the Institute of Mother and Child Health of Serbia and the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12;86(Suppl 1):25-33. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Objective: This population-based study on school-aged girls aimed to estimate the rate of peri-menstrual headache, evaluate headache pain pattern during the menstrual cycle, and verify its relationships with physical, psychosocial and life-style factors.

Methods: The students (n = 4973) fulfilled a self-administered questionnaire on demographic and behavioral characteristics, menarche, menstrual pattern and features including headache and dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of headache and the mean pain intensity score at the three menstrual cycle phases (premenstrual, menstrual, in-between period) were estimated, both overall and by gynecological year. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Objectives: To compare the clinical profile and short-term outcome of children with axonal and demyelinating subtypes of childhood Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. Consecutive children with Guillain Barré syndrome were recruited to compare the clinical profile and short term outcome among the subtypes. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12;86(Suppl 1):3-9. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Objective: Avoidable hospitalization (AH) has been widely studied as a possible measure of primary health care performance. Since studies evaluating AH in migrant children, particularly in Europe, are lacking, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of maternal citizenship on the risk of AH in children.

Methods: The cohort study included all live newborns recorded in the Medical Birth Register (MBR) of Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region (Italy) in the years 1989-2012, followed from 30 d after their birth up to the 14th year of life. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Division of Cardiology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Elmhurst, NY, 11373, USA.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 12;86(2):113-115. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Jaber Al-Ahmed Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Nutrition Foundation of India, C 13 Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.

The National Programme for Nutrition Support for Primary Education was initiated in 1995 with two major objectives: universalisation of primary education and improvement in nutritional status of primary school children. The Central Government provided 100 g of wheat /rice per day free of cost to children studying in classes I-V in all Government, local body and Government aided primary schools. Kerala, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Chattisgarh and MP provided hot cooked meals using the cereals provided but all other states and UTs provided 3 kg cereals/month to children with 80% attendance. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pediatrics, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Objective: To determine the frequency of respiratory pathogens in infants diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infections.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in infants hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), in a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city of Western India. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction, for 18 viruses and 3 bacteria (H. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 10;86(2):116-117. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 10;86(2):107-108. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 10;86(Suppl 1):34-41. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Objective: To explore the independent role of age at menarche on menstrual abnormalities among adolescents.

Methods: The present study was a multicenter cross-sectional study on a large sample (n = 3782) of Italian girls aged 13-21 y attending secondary school who already had menarche. Girls were asked to fill in a questionnaire on menarcheal age and menstrual features during the latest three menses. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.

The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is a challenge due to the pauci-bacillary nature of infection and the difficulty in obtaining appropriate sample. In the past 2-3 decades, many new tests were introduced for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and some of them have been evaluated for their application in pediatric tuberculosis as well. There is an attempt to improve smear microscopy by introducing light-emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy and there are also some automated digital microscopy platforms under evaluation. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Neuroradiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Stroke is common in tuberculous meningitis. Stroke commonly affects the tubercular zone, comprising the anterior part of the thalamus, caudate and the internal capsule (anterior limb and genu). Stroke, in tuberculous meningitis is predominantly arterial ischemic stroke, and is due to infiltrative, proliferative or necrotizing arteritis. Read More