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J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Jun 26;44(3):128-135. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

Objectives: The role of alloplastic materials in maxillofacial reconstruction is still controversial. Determining the utility of porous, high-density, polyethylene implants as a highly stable and flexible, porous alloplast, with properties such as rapid vascularization and tissue ingrowth, is crucial in cases of maxillofacial deformities and aesthetic surgery.

Materials And Methods: Thirty high-density porous polyethylene implants were implanted in 16 patients that had been referred to a private office over a three-year period. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2016 Oct 28;32(5):520-31. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Allogenic implants are an effective alternative to autologous grafts in the reconstruction of facial defects. These implants are used to reconstruct a variety of bony and soft-tissue defects, including the frontal and temporal regions; internal orbit; infraorbital rim; malar, paranasal, and nasal regions; mandible; and chin. In comparison to their autologous counterparts, alloplastic materials are more readily available, lack donor-site morbidity, decrease surgical time and cost, and still have relatively good postoperative tissue tolerance. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012 Aug 9;36(4):917-27. Epub 2012 Jun 9.

Lidingö Clinic, Torsvägen 30, Lidingö, 181 61, Stockholm, Sweden.

Unlabelled: Medpor is a biocompatible, porous, high-density polyethylene implant material used as a skeleton substitute. During the last two decades, it has been successfully applied for aesthetic contour enhancement and at reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Reports on the long-term host tissue tolerance of Medpor are sparse. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2012 May;23(3):762-6

Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Background: Posttraumatic enophthalmos resulting from medial orbital wall fractures presents a complex challenge. Access to this area through traditional incisions is limited, making visualization of the fracture site difficult. This can be ameliorated by the transcaruncular approach, but with the potential for complications both with access and with reconstructive materials. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2011 Jan;22(1):73-6

New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Background: Medpor (Porex Surgical, Inc, Newnan, GA) is composed of porous polyethylene and is commonly used in craniofacial reconstruction. When complications such as seroma or abscess formation arise, diagnostic modalities are limited because Medpor is radiolucent on conventional radiologic studies. This poses a problem in situations where imaging is necessary to distinguish the implant from surrounding tissues. Read More

Arch Facial Plast Surg 2009 Jul-Aug;11(4):246-51

Science Division, Our Lady of Peace Academy, San Diego, California, USA.

Background: Reconstruction in the head and neck can be difficult owing to the size of the defect or characteristics of the tissue that needs to be replaced. Facial wounds or reconstruction sites can be subject to contamination, thereby risking infection of any implanted material even under ideal circumstances. Particular areas of concern are sites where minimizing the bacterial contamination prior to placing an implant is difficult (eg, the oral cavity and internal nose). Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2008 Jan;24(1):120-8

Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York 10021, USA.

The complex architecture of the auricle makes it one of the most challenging structures for the reconstructive surgeon to re-create. Overlying the ear's unique cartilage framework are layers of varied soft tissues forming a three-dimensional organ, which is distinctively positioned on the head. Arguably, the most challenging auricle to reconstruct is third-degree microtia due to a near-total absence of native tissue and a need for lifelong durability of the reconstruction. Read More

Arch Facial Plast Surg 2000 Jan-Mar;2(1):27-33

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Objective: To investigate the effect of direct application of biologic materials normally present in wounds (basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF] and autologous blood clot [ABC]) to accelerate the bony and soft tissue ingrowth into porous high-density polyethylene implants.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, blinded animal histological study. Disks made of porous high-density polyethylene impregnated with bFGF or ABC were implanted into adult Sprague-Dawley rats in both subcutaneous and subperiosteal locations. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000 Feb;38(1):44-9

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ankara University Medical School, Turkey.

Porous high-density polyethylene (Medpor) is a biocompatible large-pore, high-density polyethylene implant. It is well tolerated by surrounding tissue, and its porous structure is rapidly infiltrated by host tissue. It is a highly stable and somewhat flexible porous alloplast that has rapid tissue ingrowth into its pores. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 1999 Nov-Dec;23(6):395-402

Liding]o-Clinic, Liding]o, Sweden.

This paper describes a technique of using Medpor porous high-density polyethylene implants for nasal reconstruction and chin augmentation. This biocompatible material has been used successfully during the last decade for various applications in the reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Among its most frequent uses are repair of the orbital floor and reconstruction of the burned ear, which became standard methods at many centers. Read More

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998 Nov;124(11):1219-23

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of porous high-density polyethylene implants (Medpor) in a variety of facial skeletal deformities and subcutaneous defects, excluding those associated with acute maxillofacial trauma.

Design: Case series.

Setting: Academic tertiary care referral center in Baltimore, Md. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 1998 May-Jun;22(3):211-21

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, New York Eye & Ear Infirmary, NY 10003, USA.

Nasal reconstruction presents a significant challenge to the facial plastic surgeon. Reestablishment of the desired aesthetic nasal contour and restoration of respiratory function are the dual goals of this endeavor. While autologous cartilage or bone is considered optimal grafting material, the supply is often limited and harvesting entails additional morbidity. Read More

J Long Term Eff Med Implants 1998 ;8(1):3-17

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA.

Medpor is a porous polyethylene biomaterial used in plastic and reconstructive surgery in the craniofacial skeleton. Its porous nature allows for substantial vascular and soft-tissue ingrowth. Medpor is available in a variety of implants including block, sheet, and preformed shapes. Read More