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Microbiol Immunol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan.

The cell wall-anchored protein-encoding spj gene on staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IVl (SCCmecIVl) varied in size due to its 22- and 86-amino acid (aa) repeat domains. Of the two repeats, the 22-aa repeats were more flexible, comprising three 11-aa units, and were classified into three groups with eleven types. The 11/22-aa repeats were longer in bulluos impetigo cases, shorter in invasive cases, and absent in a fatal case, with the last one being rapidly diagnosed by PCR. Read More

Microb Pathog 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes many infections and diseases. This pathogen can cause many types of infections such as impetigo, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST1), pneumonia, endocarditis, and autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus and can infect other healthy individuals. Read More

Hautarzt 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.

Tinea barbae is a rare dermatomycocis, by definition follicular bound in the beard area of adult men. Manifestation usually starts with erythema accompanied by desquamation. Deeper distribution along terminal hairs leads to folliculitis with formation of pustules and nodes as well as abscesses; fixed adherent yellowish crusts may appear. Read More

Dermatology 2019 Apr 17:1-11. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the severest and most persistent bacterial pathogens. The most frequent S. aureus infections include impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, furunculosis, abscesses, hidradenitis suppurativa, and mastitis. Read More

Aust N Z J Public Health 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Northern Territory Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory.

Objectives: We report a cluster of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) cases and the public health response in a high-burden Australian setting.

Methods: The public health unit was notified of an increase in ARF cases in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. A multi-disciplinary group coordinated the response. Read More

Glob Pediatr Health 2019 29;6:2333794X19835668. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

The majority of neonatal cutaneous conditions are benign and self-limited. However, some skin infections and specific birthmarks are serious and require proper management approaches. This study was a prospective survey of 1000 consecutive newborns at a tertiary care center in Northeast Thailand from September 2015 to 2016, which aimed to identify various cutaneous findings in newborns during their first 5 days of life. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Kings College London, London, UK.

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: In small community-based trials, mass drug administration of ivermectin has been shown to substantially decrease the prevalence of both scabies and secondary impetigo; however, their effect at large scale is untested. Additionally, combined mass administration of drugs for two or more neglected diseases has potential practical advantages, but efficacy of potential combinations should be confirmed.

Methods: The azithromycin ivermectin mass drug administration (AIM) trial was a prospective, single-arm, before-and-after, community intervention study to assess the efficacy of mass drug administration of ivermectin for scabies and impetigo, with coadministration of azithromycin for trachoma. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 5;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Surgery, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, UK.

An elderly Caucasian woman developed bullous pemphigoid (BP) overlying the site of total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis 2 days after surgery. The clinical findings were consistent with blistering due to soft tissue swelling, bullous impetigo or allergic contact dermatitis. The blistering spread over weeks to months down the ipsilateral leg and then to the other leg and hips. Read More

BMJ 2019 02 27;364:l440. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK.

Objective: To evaluate the duration of prescriptions for antibiotic treatment for common infections in English primary care and to compare this with guideline recommendations.

Design: Cross sectional study.

Setting: General practices contributing to The Health Improvement Network database, 2013-15. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2019 Feb 23. Epub 2019 Feb 23.

Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. Electronic address:

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator generated when a cell membrane or its components are damaged by various factors. S1P regulates diverse cell activities via S1P receptors (S1PRs). Keratinocytes express S1PR1-5. Read More

J Dermatol 2019 Apr 25;46(4):301-307. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.

Recently, the USA300 clone, which is a Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive clonal complex 8-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV (CC8-IV) community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain, emerged in community and hospital settings in Japan. Hence, clonal types of CA-MRSA strains are predicted to be changing. Nonetheless, long-term surveillance of CA-MRSA has not been conducted in Japan. Read More

Clin Ther 2019 Mar 15;41(3):532-551.e17. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Purpose: The main objective of this article was to offer practical suggestions, given the existing evidence, for identifying and managing bacterial impetigo, abscess, and cellulitis in ambulatory and hospital settings.

Methods: Five Italian pediatric societies appointed a core working group. In selected conditions, specially trained personnel evaluated quality assessment of treatment strategies according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 11;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, USA.

Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction characterised by the appearance of erythematous plaques and papules with overlying non-follicular pinpoint pustules. Drugs are the cause of AGEP in approximately 90% of cases. The most common causes include anti-infective agents (aminopenicillins, quinolones, antibacterial sulfonamides and terbinafine), antimalarials and diltiazem. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 6;20(3). Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya street, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

causes various infectious diseases, from skin impetigo to life-threatening bacteremia and sepsis, thus appearing an important target for antimicrobial therapeutics. In turn, the rapid development of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation makes it extremely robust against treatment. Here, we unravel the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the recently unveiled consisting of three pharmacophores: chlorinated 2(5)-furanone, sulfone, and -menthol moieties. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2019 Jan 31;19(1):40. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pediatric Emergency Department, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

Objective: Smartphones and associated messaging applications have become the most common means of communication among health care workers and the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of smartphones for the diagnosis of rash in children admitted to emergency departments during the night shift.

Methods: The images of the children who were admitted to the paediatric emergency department with rash were included in this study, and at least two images taken with smartphones by residents or paediatric infectious disease fellows were re-directed to the chief consultant of the Paediatric-Infectious Department via smartphone. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2019 03 12;32(2):e12839. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare disease of pregnancy with the onset being in the second half of pregnancy and resolution after delivery. It is associated with a high rate of perinatal mortality and fetal abnormalities. Clinical and histological features of the disease are consistent with pustuler psoriasis. Read More

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019 Mar 11;17(3):159-168. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

a Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI) , Madrid , Spain.

Introduction: Impetigo is the most common bacterial skin infection in children. Treatment is becoming complicated due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, especially in the main pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. Ozenoxacin, a novel non-fluorinated topical quinolone antimicrobial, has demonstrated efficacy in impetigo. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019 Mar 23;25:406-413. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Purpose: Burn patients are particularly susceptible to microbial infection. Staphylococcus aureus causes burn wound, impetigo and cellulitis. Although sub-lethal antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) would not result in microorganism killing, it can considerably influence microbial virulence factor. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Aug 15;24(8). Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Veterans Affairs Medical Center Brooklyn, New York SUNY Downstate, Department of Dermatology, Brooklyn, New York.

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica (EIB) is a Candida infection affecting the third web space, between the third and fourth fingers. In 1915, Gougerot and Goncea first described saccharomycetic organisms isolated from the hands and feet. Johannes Fabry later named it in 1917, well before the genus Candida was introduced in 1923. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 10;30:273. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Dermatology Department, UHC Ibn Rochd, University of Medicine Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 12 27;12(12):e0006996. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Introduction: In most settings, the diagnosis of scabies is reliant on time-consuming and potentially intrusive clinical examination of all accesible regions of skin. With the recent recognition of scabies as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization there is a need for standardised approaches to disease mapping to define populations likely to benefit from intervention, and to measure the impact of interventions. Development and validation of simplified approaches to diagnose scabies would facilitate these efforts. Read More

Trop Med Int Health 2019 Mar 28;24(3):280-293. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia.

We conducted a systematic review of the treatment, prevention and public health control of skin infections including impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea in resource-limited settings where skin infections are endemic. The aim is to inform strategies, guidelines and research to improve skin health in populations that are inequitably affected by infections of the skin and the downstream consequences of these. The systematic review is reported according to the PRISMA statement. Read More

Rev Chil Pediatr 2018 Aug;89(4):511-515

Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Roberto del Río, Chile.

Introduction: Sweet's syndrome is a very rare dermatosis in pediatrics, of unknown pathogenesis, clinically characterized by fever, neutrophilia, raised and painful plaques on the skin of the face, neck, and limbs, and histologically by dermal infiltration of neutrophils.

Objective: To present a clinical case of Sweet Syndrome in a pediatric patient.

Clinical Case: 3-years-old female child, with history of complex chromosomopathy 46XX add(8), with a 7-day history of plaques and blisters on the back and later also on the limbs, associated with high fever, without response to antibiotic treatment pres cribed due to suspicion of bullous impetigo. Read More

Rev Chil Pediatr 2018 Oct;89(5):650-654

Asociación Española, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Introduction: pemphigus vulgaris is a serious and infrequent disease in children. Its timely diagnosis and treatment allows modifying its prognosis. The objective is to describe its clinical characteristics, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of this uncommon autoimmune blistering disease in children. Read More

Maedica (Buchar) 2018 Sep;13(3):208-212

Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Patancheru, Sangareddy District, Telangana, India.

Objectives: Two glycopeptide analogues, such as dalbavancin and telavancin, with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters have been developed. These two glycopeptide analogues are approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of various Gram-positive bacterial skin infections.

Materials And Methods: We have conducted an open labelled prospective randomized study to compare the efficacy of these two drugs. Read More

J Fam Pract 2018 Dec;67(12):783-785

San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

The patient described a history of "recurrent impetigo," which led to an uncommon diagnosis. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2019 Jan 12;68(1):48-51. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

4​2nd Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

A sharp increase in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) cases has been recorded in our settings since 2015, with 31 cases having been documented during the period 2014-2017. The molecular investigation of strains from the above period showed the emergence of a methicillin-susceptible, mupirocin- and fusidic acid-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus clone that belongs to the ST121 complex and carries both epidermolysin (eta/etb) genes. We concluded that the SSSS caused by the newly emerged, highly virulent community-associated-methicillin sensitive S. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2018 Dec 9;24(6):593-601. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Group A β-haemolytic or is a gram-positive coccus that tends to grow in chains. is the cause of many important human diseases, ranging from pharyngitis and mild superficial skin infections to life-threatening systemic diseases. Infections typically begin in the throat or skin. Read More

Vaccine 2018 11 3;36(50):7618-7624. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.

Sustained control of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in settings of poverty has proven to be challenging, and an effective vaccine may be the most practical long-term strategy to reduce GAS-related disease burden. Candidate GAS vaccines based on the J8 peptide have demonstrated promising immunogenicity in mice, however, less is known about the role of J8 antibodies in the human immune response to GAS infection. We analysed the stimulation of J8 antibodies in response to infection, and the role of existing J8 antibodies in protection against subsequent infection, using data collected in the Fijian population: (1) cross sectional population serosurvey; (2) paired serum collection for assessment of M-specific and J8 antibody responses; and (3) longitudinal assessment of GAS infection and immunity. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2018 Oct;17(10):1051-1057

Ozenoxacin is a novel topical antibacterial agent with potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria that has been developed as a 1% cream for treatment of impetigo. This article presents pooled results of pivotal clinical trials of ozenoxacin with the objective of evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ozenoxacin 1% cream after twice-daily topical treatment for 5 days in patients with impetigo. A pooled analysis was performed of individual patient data from two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 registration studies conducted in patients with impetigo. Read More

Fam Pract 2018 Oct 19. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: There is a lack of recently published data on impetigo presentation incidence and treatment practices in the routine Western European primary care setting.

Objectives: To investigate impetigo incidence, treatments and recurrence in primary care in the Netherlands.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2018 Nov;36(4):723-750

Department of Emergency Medicine, Highland Hospital, 1411 East 31st Street, Oakland, CA 94602, USA. Electronic address:

This article covers the diagnosis and treatment of skin and soft tissue infections commonly encountered in the emergency department: impetigo, cutaneous abscesses, purulent cellulitis, nonpurulent cellulitis, and necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections. Most purulent infections in the United States are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. For abscesses, we emphasize the importance of incision and drainage. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Mar 29;25(3):233-237. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.

Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) is a causative agent of intractable skin infections. In general, clinical symptoms of hospital outpatients with skin infections are severer than those of clinic patients. Hence, molecular epidemiological features of the CO-MRSA strains from hospital outpatients are predicted to be different from those of clinic patients. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2018 Sep 5;3(3). Epub 2018 Sep 5.

Tropical Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia.

Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin, causing severe itching and stigmatizing skin lesions. Further, scabies leads to impetigo, severe bacterial infections, and post-infectious complications. Around 200 million people are affected, particularly among disadvantaged populations living in crowded conditions in tropical areas. Read More

Front Pediatr 2018 11;6:248. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an innate immune deficiency of phagocytic cells caused by mutations that affect components of the NADPH oxidase system, with resulting impairment in reactive oxygen species production. Patients with CGD are susceptible to recurrent infections and hyperinflammatory responses. Mutations in lead to the X-linked form of CGD and are responsible for ~ 70% of cases. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Mar 24;58(3):288-295. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Head of the Pediatrics Department, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Presidente Perón, Sarandí, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Background: Infectious skin disorders (ISDs) are commonly seen in pediatric emergency departments (PED), however the exact frequency is unknown. We provide an accurate evaluation of the incidence and characteristics of ISDs diagnosed in a PED from Buenos Aires, Argentina, over a 1-year period.

Methods: Prospectively, descriptive study of children evaluated in the PED with ISDs during 2016. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Sep 18. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Clin Dermatol 2018 Sep - Oct;36(5):631-640. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Department of Dermatology, Mt Sinai West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by an abnormal skin barrier, immune dysfunction, and an altered skin microbiome. Atopic dermatitis may be seen in conjunction with a variety of other skin disorders due to the complex pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, involving genetic and environmental factors that are associated with immune dysfunction, barrier defects, and altered skin microbiomes. Skin disorders associated with atopic dermatitis include diseases sharing similar genetic origins like ichthyosis vulgaris, infectious diseases such as impetigo, and eczema herpeticum, in addition to the cutaneous autoimmune diseases, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 12;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

A 26-year-old Caucasian man with no previous history of chemical injury presenting with an inability to open his right eye was investigated for mucous membrane pemphigoid and treated. Examination was notable for symblepharon of the right eye and impetigo-like lesions on the face and neck. A biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis was significant for linear deposits of C3 and immunoglobulin G at the level of the epithelial basement membrane, confirming the diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid. Read More

N Z Med J 2018 Aug 31;131(1481):78-81. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Medical Officer, Auckland Regional Public Health Service, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Greenlane West, Auckland.

Mikrobiyol Bul 2018 Jul;52(3):233-246

Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Konya, Turkey.

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important bacterial pathogen that colonizes the throat and skin of human beings and causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild infections like pharyngitis, tonsillitis and impetigo to severe invasive infections such streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis, and produces a wide variety of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance, virulence genes; [pyrogenic exotoxin genes (speA, C, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, smeZ and ssa), deoxyribonuclease genes (sdaB, spd3, sdc ve sdaD), protease genes (speB, spyCEP ve scpA) and inhibitor genes (mac and sic)] of S.pyogenes strains isolated from throat cultures of patients with symptomatic tonsillo-pharyngitis and typing by multiple locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) method. Read More

Prim Care 2018 Sep;45(3):433-454

Department of Family Medicine, Tidelands Health MUSC Family Medicine Residency Program, 4320 Holmestown Road, Myrtle Beach, SC 29588, USA.

The primary care provider will commonly see skin and soft tissue infections in the outpatient setting. Skin and soft tissue infections range from the uncomplicated impetigo to the potentially lethal necrotizing fasciitis. This article reviews these infections based on their underlying etiology: bacterial, fungal, and viral causes. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Jun;28(3):381-382

Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.

Int J Dermatol 2018 11 10;57(11):e141-e142. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Biochem J 2018 09 11;475(17):2847-2860. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543

Group A Streptococcus (GAS; ) causes a wide range of infections, including pharyngitis, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis, and results in over half a million deaths annually. GAS ScpC (SpyCEP), a 180-kDa surface-exposed, subtilisin-like serine protease, acts as an essential virulence factor that helps evade the innate immune response by cleaving and inactivating C-X-C chemokines. ScpC is thus a key candidate for the development of a vaccine against GAS and other pathogenic streptococcal species. Read More