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Aktuelle Urol 2018 Dec 6;49(6):515-518. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Klinikum Großhadern/Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, München.

Minimally-invasive treatment options for patients with LUTS due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) become more and more important because they provide equal long-term efficacy compared with the reference method TURP, while having a more favourable safety profile. There are promising results for PUL (Prostatic Urethral Lift - UroLift) with low complication rates. UroLift is clearly superior regarding the preservation of sexual functions without impairment of ejaculatory function. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 Dec 3;90:99-106. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Population, Policy and Practice Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant cause of death in childhood epilepsy, and causes considerable concern to patients and their families. Despite this, the condition remains poorly understood. This systematic review investigates the risk factors, pathophysiology, and circumstances associated with childhood SUDEP. Read More

Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018 Nov 3;67:1-10. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.

Prostaglandin E (PGE) has contradictory effects in many organs. It may have proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or anti-fibrotic roles, depending on the type of receptors to which it binds. By signaling through its receptors EP2 and EP4, PGE mediates anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2018 Nov 27;109:107-117. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:

Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline including memory impairment, cortical dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. The drug discovery to treat AD consists to develop compounds able to act in multiple molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and the repositioning of old drugs for new application. This way, the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) has been used as a metabolic model of sporadic AD. Read More

Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018 Nov 26;81:74-83. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Malaysia has an increasingly aging population. Despite the substantial benefits of physical activity for healthy aging, older adults are considered the most physically inactive segment of the Malaysian population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity among older adults in Malaysia and its correlates. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Introduction: Pulmonary impairment predicts increased mortality in many settings, and respiratory viral infection (RVI) causes considerable morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (allo-HCT). We hypothesized that pulmonary impairment following respiratory viral infection, defined as a decline of forced expiratory volume in 1 second values by ≥10%, may identify allo-HCT recipients at high risk for mortality.

Methods: We studied all allo-HCT recipients at our institution who had RVI with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, or influenza from 2004-2013 and had pre-RVI and post-RVI pulmonary function tests. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France.

This study aims to investigate the contribution of nigral dopaminergic (DA) cell loss, repeated exposure to DA medication and the combination of both to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A bilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was performed in rats. A set of animals was repeatedly administered with L-dopa (20 mg/kg/day) and benserazide (5 mg/kg/day) over 10 days starting from day 11 post-lesion. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Diminished dopamine D1 stimulation may contribute to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, schizophrenia, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, orthosteric D1 receptor (D1R) agonists produce receptor desensitization and an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve, but positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) do not. We examined the cognitive effects of DETQ, a D1R PAM, in mice genetically modified to express the human D1 receptor ("hD1 mice"). Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Pharmaceutics, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Rationale: Combined therapy is a promising approach over its preference to minimize the dose, adverse effects and enhanced therapeutic efficiency in a various diseases including diabetes.

Aim: The present research work is to explore combined synergistic anti-diabetic potential of chitosan and pectin with Metformin (CPM) nano-formulation, with special emphasis on effect of Metformin when integrated with bio polymers.

Methods: The biohybrid nanoparticles (CPMNP) were formulated by ionic gelation process. Read More

Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2018 Dec 6:1-12. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if a standardized assessment developed for Spanish-English dual language learners (SEDLLs) differentiates SEDLLs with language impairment (LI) from children with typical language better than the translated/adapted Spanish and/or English version of a standardized assessment and to determine if adding informal measure/s to the standardized assessment increases the classification accuracy.

Method: Standardized and informal language assessment measures were administered to 30 Mexican American 4- to 5-year-old SEDLLs to determine the predictive value of each measure and the group of measures that best identified children with LI and typical language. Discriminant analyses were performed on the data set. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 Dec 6;14(12):e1007432. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

CCR5 plays immune functions and is the coreceptor for R5 HIV-1 strains. It exists in diverse conformations and oligomerization states. We interrogated the significance of the CCR5 structural diversity on HIV-1 infection. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208440. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.

Intracellular inclusions of aggregated tau appear in neurons and glial cells in a range of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Inhibition of pathological changes in tau is a therapeutic target for tauopathy. We recently synthesized a novel curcumin derivative, named Shiga-Y5, and showed that Shiga-Y5 inhibited cognitive impairment and amyloid deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0207406. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.

Background: French Guiana (FG) was the first country in South America to declare chikungunya virus infection (CHIKV). The outbreak affected about 16,000 persons between February 2014 and October 2015, with several atypical cases, but only two fatal cases. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation of patients hospitalized for CHIKV infection, to estimate and identify risk factors of unusual and severe forms in adult patients. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0208171. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder affecting the respiratory, digestive, reproductive systems and sweat glands. This lethal hereditary disease has known or suspected links to the dysbiosis gut microbiota. High-throughput meta-omics-based approaches may assist in unveiling this complex network of symbiosis modifications. Read More

PLoS One 2018 6;13(12):e0204110. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America.

Background/objectives: To analyse the relationship between caregiver burden and severity of patients' cognitive impairment.

Design: Data were drawn from the cross-sectional 2015/2016 Adelphi Real World Dementia Disease-Specific Programme.

Setting: This research was multi-national and studied physicians and their consulting patients with cognitive impairment. Read More

Aging Ment Health 2018 Dec 6:1-11. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

a Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences , University College London , London , UK.

Objective: The objectives of this systematic review were to: 1) understand how people living with dementia are involved in making decisions; 2) explore the different decisional styles and domains of decision-making that people living with dementia experience and 3) identify what influences the level of decisional involvement of people living with dementia.

Methods: A systematic review of literature identified studies from Medline, PsycINFO, HAPI and CINAHL databases. Search terms related to decision-making and dementia. Read More

Ann Neurol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Despite much attention to the use of biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer's disease, little information is available at the individual level. We used the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging to estimate absolute risk of cognitive impairment by biomarker group. Risk increased with age and any biomarker abnormality. Read More

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.

Objectives: although visual and hearing impairments have been found to be associated with cognitive decline in the old age, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. This study aims at assessing the predictive role of visual and hearing difficulties on subsequent cognitive functioning.

Method: 3,508 individuals aged 60 and over from the cohort of the first (2002) and fifth waves (2010) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Read More

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological vasomotor response that maintains systemic oxygenation by matching perfusion to ventilation during alveolar hypoxia. Although mitochondria appear to play an essential role in HPV, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on HPV remains incompletely defined. Mice lacking the mitochondrial complex I (CI) subunit Ndufs4 (Ndufs4-/-) develop a fatal progressive encephalopathy and serve as a model for Leigh syndrome, the most common mitochondrial disease in children. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Dec;7(23):e010054

1 Department of Neurology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC.

Background Cardiovascular risk factor burden in the absence of clinical or radiological "events" is associated with mild cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques exploring the integrity of neuronal fiber connectivity within white matter networks supporting cognitive processing could be used to measure the impact of cardiovascular disease on brain health and be used beyond bedside neuropsychological tests to detect subclinical changes and select or stratify participants for entry into clinical trials. Methods and Results We assessed the relationship between verbal IQ and brain network integrity and the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on network integrity by constructing whole-brain structural connectomes from magnetic resonance imaging diffusion images (N=60) from people with various degrees of cardiovascular risk factor burden. Read More

Personal Disord 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Psychology, University of Otago.

The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) is outlined in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. This model includes 25 dimensional trait facets that are used as criteria for six personality disorders in addition to impairment in functioning. Numerous previous studies have examined the degree to which the proposed trait facets converge with the Section II personality disorders (PDs) they are meant to capture, but the results from these various studies have been inconsistent. Read More

Acta Bioeng Biomech 2018 ;20(4):107-113

Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.

Purpose: Upper limb impairment in the early phase of brain stroke is one of the key problems in rehabilitation. An estimation of muscle force can be a helpful factor for functional improvement after a stroke. The primary goals of this study were to determine the muscles with the lowest force in the affected (A) and non-affected (non-A) upper limb. Read More

Psychol Med 2018 Dec 6:1-12. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Baltimore, MD,USA.

Background: Though meta-analyses of neuropsychological and social cognitive deficits in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) have been conducted, no study has comprehensively characterized and compared the neuropsychological, social cognitive, and olfactory profiles in the behavioral and language variants of FTD.

Methods: Our search yielded 470 publications meeting inclusion criteria representing 11 782 FTD patients and 19 451 controls. For each domain, we calculated Hedges' g effect sizes, which represent the mean difference between the patient and control group divided by the pooled standard deviation. Read More

Int Psychogeriatr 2018 Dec 6:1-17. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Health & Rehabilitation Sciences,University of Western Ontario,London, ON,Canada.

ABSTRACTBackground:People with dementia fall twice as often and have more serious fall-related injuries than healthy older adults. While gait impairment as a generic term is understood as a fall risk factor in this population, a clear elaboration of the specific components of gait that are associated with falls risk is needed for knowledge translation to clinical practice and the development of fall prevention strategies for people with dementia.

Objective: To review gait parameters and characteristics associated with falls in people with dementia. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Academic Department Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Objective: To assess the neurodevelopmental outcome of children with spina bifida aperta (SBA) who were treated prenatally as compared to those treated postnatally.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature comparing neurological outcomes of prenatally and postnatally repaired spina bifida in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. We retrieved all randomized and non-randomized prospective controlled studies. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal and neonatal cardiac geometry and function around the time of birth.

Methods: A prospective study of 75 pregnant women delivering at term, comprising of 54 normal pregnancies and 21 with a diagnosis GDM. Fetal and neonatal conventional cardiac indices, spectral tissue Doppler and 2D speckle tracking imaging were performed a few days before and within hours of birth. Read More

J Clin Nurs 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

School of Nursing & Midwifery and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University and Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, 2.05c, G01, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland.

Aims And Objectives: To explore nurse and nursing assistant reflections on the care of older patients with cognitive impairment who have experienced a fall.

Background: While there are evidence-based clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of falls and for the care of older people with cognitive impairment, the falls rates for older people with cognitive impairment is three times as high as those without.

Design: Critical incident technique. Read More

Brain Imaging Behav 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biology and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

This proposed novel method consists of three levels of analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data: 1) voxel level analysis of fractional anisotropy of white matter tracks, 2) connection level analysis, based on fiber tracks between specific brain regions, and 3) network level analysis, based connections among multiple brain regions. Machine-learning techniques of (Fisher score) feature selection, (Support Vector Machine) pattern classification, and (Leave-one-out) cross-validation are performed, for recognition of the neural connectivity patterns for diagnostic purposes. For validation proposes, this multilevel approach achieved an average classification accuracy of 90% between Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls, 83% between Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, and 83% between mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls. Read More

J Neurovirol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Psychiatry, 1E.1 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada.

The measurement and determinants of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are under intense debate. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) and machine learning to define neurocognitive performance profiles and identify their associated risk factors in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Neurocognitive performance was assessed by a multidomain neuropsychological test battery. Read More

Neuroradiology 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

ITAB-Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Purpose: To investigate modifications of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) metrics in lateral white matter (WM) bundles of the cervical spinal cord in patients with previous stroke in the vascular territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with a previous ischemic stroke of the MCA territory and a varying degree of upper motor impairment were enrolled. DKI was centered at the C3C4 and C5C6 intervertebral level. Read More

J Mol Neurosci 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Division of Neurobiology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Astrocytes play the central role in CNS metabolism to support neuronal functions. Mehyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is the global transcription factor with differential expression in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. MeCP2 mutation and downstream detrimental effects have been reported in astrocytes also in MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorder-Rett syndrome. Read More

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2018 10;4:617-627. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.

Introduction: The cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin (Ng)/β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) ratio may reflect synaptic affection resulting from reduced beta-amyloid (Aβ) clearance. We hypothesize that increased Ng/BACE1 ratio predicts the earliest cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We compared Ng/BACE1 levels between cases with subjective cognitive decline (n = 18) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 20) both with amyloid plaques and healthy controls (-ε4+, n = 16; -ε4-, n = 20). Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 4;2018:7617312. Epub 2018 Nov 4.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.

Background: Recent clinical data have suggested that the chronic use of high-lipophilic statins impairs the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Because this activity of statins is poorly understood, we aimed to investigate the effect of simvastatin (SIM) on postinjury myofibre regeneration.

Methods: The porcine model was used in this study. Read More

Case Rep Neurol Med 2018 4;2018:3092018. Epub 2018 Nov 4.

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Estonia.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare, rapidly progressive spongiform encephalopathy in humans. EEG plays an important role in diagnosing this disease. In some patients, epileptic activity and encephalopathy from various aetiologies may share morphological features on EEG. Read More

Int J Hypertens 2018 5;2018:8428063. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.

Background: This study aimed at evaluating the burden of renal dysfunction among people living with hypertension in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong Ahafo Region, who were attending clinic at the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Hwidiem.

Methodology: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among two hundred (200) hypertensive clients aged between 27 and 88 years who reported for clinical management from January to March, 2018. Read More

Int J Ment Health Syst 2018 1;12:73. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

2SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorder known to interfere with several life domains. Yet little is known about the subjective experiences of living with OCD amongst South Africans and more so, the ways in which it impacts daily functioning and quality of life (QOL).

Methods: The aim of this study was to explore daily functioning and QOL among South African adults living with OCD. Read More

Front Plant Sci 2018 21;9:1706. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.

Frataxin is a highly conserved protein from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Several functions related to iron metabolism have been postulated for this protein, including Fe-S cluster and heme synthesis, response to oxidative damage and oxidative phosphorylation. In plants, the presence of one or two isoforms of this protein with dual localization in mitochondria and chloroplasts has been reported. Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2018 21;10:384. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

In this cross-sectional study, we sought to describe cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of Memory clinic patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). 51 MCI patients and 51 controls, matched on age, sex, and socio-economic status (SES), were assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery that included a measure of intelligence (General Ability Index, "GAI," from WAIS-IV), and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MCI subtypes were determined after inclusion, and z-scores normalized to our control group were generated for each cognitive domain in each MCI participant. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2018 Sep-Dec;11(3):735-741. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

Standard therapy for radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is multi-targeted kinase inhibitors (m-TKIs), represented by sorafenib and lenvatinib. One of the main target molecules of m-TKIs is vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R). m-TKIs are known to cause adverse reactions such as hypertension and proteinuria as a class effect. Read More

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018 9;14:3037-3051. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the underlying mechanism of action for a Decoction (FQD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), to validate its neuroprotective effects, and to provide experimental support for its predicted mechanism of action.

Methods: An integrative approach to network pharmacology was performed to predict the mechanism of action for treatment of AD with FQD. The predicted mechanism was validated in SAMP8 mice. Read More

Int J Obes (Lond) 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Objective: To describe the relationship between metabolic health parameters and depressive symptoms and perceived stress, and whether the co-occurrence of these two psychological stressors has an additive influence on metabolic dysregulation in adults at different levels of body mass index (BMI) without diabetes.

Methods: Participants without diabetes (N = 20,312) from the population-based REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (recruited between 2003-2007) who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Read More

Pediatrics 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Maternal-Infant Care Research Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Although caffeine use for apnea of prematurity is well studied, the long-term safety and benefit of routine early caffeine administration has not been explored. Our objective was to determine the association between early (within 2 days of birth) versus late caffeine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.

Methods: Infants of <29 weeks' gestation born between April 2009 and September 2011 and admitted to Canadian Neonatal Network units and then assessed at Canadian Neonatal Follow-up Network centers were studied. Read More

J Neurosci 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA 06536.

Dozens of genes have been implicated in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk, but none have a defined mechanism of action in neurons. Here, we show that the risk factor Pyk2 (PTK2B) localizes specifically to neurons in adult brain. Absence of Pyk2 has no major effect on synapse formation nor the basal parameters of synaptic transmission in the hippocampal Schaffer collateral pathway. Read More

BMJ Open 2018 Dec 4;8(12):e023520. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Nephrology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Rhyl, UK.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects nearly 9% of global populations and is strongly associated with older age. Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), which include mild cognitive impairment and dementia, are rising as a result of ageing populations throughout the world. This investigation's aim is to report the frequency of mild to major NCD in a clinical cohort of adults with mild to moderate CKD and diabetes. Read More

Proc Biol Sci 2018 Dec 5;285(1892). Epub 2018 Dec 5.

CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France

Ageing is characterized by the impairment of the acute innate immune response and the upregulation of low-grade inflammation, i.e. inflammaging. Read More

Neurology 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

From IRCCS NEUROMED (A.B.), Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Departments of Neurology (N.V.M., G.L.S., M.C.), Radiology (M.C.), Anatomy & Neurobiology (M.C.), and Bioengineering (M.C.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, MO; Department of Neuroscience (M.C.), University of Padua; and Padua Neuroscience Center (M.C.), Italy.

Objective: To investigate whether different language deficits are distinguished by the relative strengths of their association with the functional connectivity (FC) at rest of the language network (LN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON) after aphasic stroke.

Methods: In a group of patients with acute stroke and left-hemisphere damage, we identified 3 distinct, yet correlated, clusters of deficits including comprehension/lexical semantic, grapheme-phoneme knowledge, and verbal executive functions. We computed partial correlations in which the contributions of a behavioral cluster and network FC of no interest were statistically regressed out. Read More