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Rev Med Liege 2019 Mar;74(3):152-158

Service d'Urologie, CHU Liège, Belgique.

Candidates for a kidney transplantation must undergo a complete evaluation, including a urological evaluation. This urological assessment should first of all exclude any pathology of the urinary tract likely to contraindicate a transplantation or to evolve under immunosuppression. Moreover, this assessment should evaluate the lower urinary tract that is to receive a kidney graft. Read More

J Bras Nefrol 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Serviço de Nefrologia e Transplantação Renal do Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

The occurrence of ascites after Renal Transplant (RT) is infrequent, and may be a consequence of surgical or medical complications. Case report: 61 year-old, male, history of arterial hypertension, tongue carcinoma and alcoholic habits 12-20g/day. He had chronic kidney disease secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, without hepatic polycystic disease. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis and modulate tumor‑induced neovascularization. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of Tregs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain to be elucidated. Helios, combined with forkhead box P3, is considered a suitable marker for discriminating functional Tregs. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 501630, P.R. China.

The dendritic cell (DC)‑regulatory T (Treg) system serves a leading role in the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment, which is not conducive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment for lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on the DC‑Treg system in the tumor microenvironment in vitro and to examine its mechanism. The expressions of CD83 antigen, T‑lymphocyte activation antigen CD86, CD11 antigen‑like family member C and major histocompatibility complex II in DCs were increased upon treatment with 1 mg/ml OMT, as detected by flow cytometry. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom.

Importance: Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome in which antiretinal antibodies crossreact with retinal ON-bipolar cells, resulting in night blindness and progressive visual field loss. Current therapeutic options include cytoreductive surgery in combination with immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, or plasmapheresis, but their effectiveness is limited and may be contraindicated, given the possible protective role of circulating autoantibodies against metastatic spread. We report 3-year follow-up of the first case (to our knowledge) of MAR treated with intravitreal long-acting steroid implants. Read More

Internist (Berl) 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Medizinische Klinik II (Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, rheumatologische und immunologische Erkrankungen), Universitätsklinikum, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary form of glomerulopathy in the western world. The pathogenetic relevance of autoimmune mechanisms, genetics and environmental or nutritional factors is not fully established. The majority of IgAN patients present with mild symptoms; however, the exact prognosis of the individual IgAN course is often difficult to predict. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 6;9:125. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Intercellular communication is a normal feature of most physiological interactions between cells in healthy organisms. While cells communicate directly through intimate physiology contact, other mechanisms of communication exist, such as through the influence of soluble mediators such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. There is, however, yet another mechanism of intercellular communication that permits the exchange of information between cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs). Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Feb 27;7(4):632-636. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Clinical Pathology Department, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

Background: There is a scarcity in the published literature which evaluates the postoperative inflammatory response and patients' immunity following orthognathic surgery.

Aim: The present prospective study aimed to evaluate the changes in two immunological callipers to measure the traumatic effect of orthognathic surgery.

Methods: In the present prospective cohort study, we included women (age range 16-30 years) with severe dentofacial deformities who were scheduled for bimaxillary osteotomy. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 6;10:374. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias e Inmunología del Trasplante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells of myeloid origin with a specific immune inhibitory function that negatively regulates the adaptive immune response. Since MDSC participate in the promotion of tolerance in the context of organ transplantation, therapeutic strategies that regulate the induction and development of MDSC have been the center of scientist attention. Here we review literature regarding induction of MDSC with demonstrated suppressive function among different types of allografts and their mechanism of action. Read More

EMBO Rep 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

Regulatory T (Treg) cells help to maintain tolerance and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. Retinoic acid (RA) can promote peripheral conversion of naïve T cells into Foxp3 Treg cells. Here, we show that RA can act as an adjuvant to induce antigen-specific type 1 Treg (Tr1) cells, which is augmented by co-administration of IL-2. Read More

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2019 Mar 20;18(1):13. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.

Background: Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Newer antifungals may provide similar efficacy with improved safety compared to older more established treatments. This study aimed to compare clinically relevant safety and efficacy outcomes in real world patients treated with isavuconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole. Read More

BMC Cancer 2019 Mar 20;19(1):251. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.

Background: Dexamethasone is widely used in cancer patients despite the concern that perioperative glucocorticoids may potentially cause immunosuppression. However, studies on the influence of dexamethasone on cancer recurrence after curative surgery have produced conflicting results. The goal of our study was to compare postoperative recurrence-free survival and overall survival between patients with breast cancer who received perioperative dexamethasone and those who did not. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 Mar 19;11(3). Epub 2019 Mar 19.

First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted growth factors controls many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Dysregulation of its pathway contributes to a broad variety of pathologies, including fibrosis and cancer. TGF-β acts as a powerful tumor suppressor in epithelial cells but during later stages of tumor development cancer cells eventually respond to this cytokine with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Read More

Cells 2019 Mar 19;8(3). Epub 2019 Mar 19.

MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Few major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-based mate choice studies include all MHC genes at the inter-individual, sperm-egg, and mother-fetus recognition levels. We tested three hypotheses of female mate choice in a 17-year study of the giant panda () while using ten functional MHC loci (four MHC class I loci: -C, -F, -I, and -L; six MHC class II loci: -DRA, -DRB3, -DQA1, -DQA2, -DQB1, and -DQB2); five super haplotypes (SuHa, SuHaI, SuHaII, DQ, and DR); and, seven microsatellites. We found female choice for heterozygosity at -C, -I, and DQ and for disassortative mate choice at -C, DQ, and DR at the inter-individual recognition level. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Mar 19;20(6). Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53 00144 Rome, Italy.

Unlike allogeneic transplant, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) represents a procedure with a low-risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) symptomatic reactivation-infection/end-organ disease (CMV complications) and invasive fungal disease (IFD). However, novel drugs for the treatment of lymphoproliferative malignancies could cause an increase of such opportunistic infections, even after ASCT. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published data demonstrating an association between CMV and IFD in the autologous setting, while this association has been widely reported in allogeneic transplantation. Read More

Vopr Virusol 2019 ;64(1):5-11

Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation.

The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalenebased adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Read More

PLoS One 2019 20;14(3):e0213363. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a major natural cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans worldwide and results in epidemic and endemic fatalities. The pathogenesis of CeMV has not been fully elucidated, and questions remain regarding tissue tropism and the mechanisms of immunosuppression. We compared the histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical features in molecularly confirmed CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from the Southwestern Atlantic (Brazil) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Northeast-Central Atlantic (Canary Islands, Spain) and the Western Mediterranean Sea (Italy). Read More

J Chin Med Assoc 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether macrophages can participate in the immunosuppression of condyloma acuminatum (CA) by expressing PD-1/PD-L1.

Methods: The infiltration of macrophages and expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) on wart lesions and in normal skin tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The amounts of M1 and M2 type macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

Purpose: Invasive fungal sinusitis is a rare but potentially lethal disease that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study was to review an academic medical center's experience in the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of invasive fungal sinusitis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at a single institution over a 17-year period. Read More

Pharmacotherapy 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital.

Background: Historically, there is perceived pressure to achieve therapeutic levels of tacrolimus quickly after heart transplant. We evaluated the association between time within therapeutic tacrolimus range or time to therapeutic trough and rejection in the 30 days following HT.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult HT patients receiving immunosuppression. Read More

Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

a Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí ,. Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí , 78210 , México.

Introduction: Over the last two decades, genetically engineered plants became attractive and mature platforms for producing vaccines and other relevant biopharmaceuticals. Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders demand the availability of accessible treatments and one alternative therapy is based on therapeutic vaccines able to down-regulate immune responses that favor pathology progression. Areas covered: The current status of plant-made tolerogenic vaccines is presented with emphasis on the candidates under evaluation in large test animals. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Physicians may be reluctant to prescribe combined immunosuppression in older patients with Crohn's disease due to perceived risk of treatment-related complications.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of age on risk of Crohn's disease-related complications in patients treated with early combined immunosuppression vs conventional management in a post hoc analysis of the randomised evaluation of an algorithm for Crohn's treatment (REACT), a cluster-randomised trial.

Methods: We compared efficacy (time to major adverse outcome of Crohn's disease-related surgery, hospitalisation or serious complications; corticosteroid-free clinical remission) and safety outcomes at 24 months, between patients aged <60 vs ≥60 years randomised to early combined immunosuppression or conventional management, using Cox proportional hazard analysis or modified Poisson model. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 5;9:126. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.

Development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells for the treatment of T-lineage leukemia and lymphoma has encountered several unique challenges. The most widely expressed tumor antigen targets for malignant T cells are often also expressed on non-malignant T cells. Transducing T cells with CARs targeted to these shared antigens can therefore promote over-activation or fratricide of CAR T cells, reducing their therapeutic potency. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 5;10:295. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Utilization of the adaptive immune system against malignancies, both by immune-based therapies to activate T cells to attack cancer and by T-cell therapies to transfer effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to the cancer patient, represent major novel therapeutic advancements in oncologic therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is a form of cell-based therapy, which replaces the HSC in the patient's bone marrow but also serves as a T-cell therapy due to the Graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor T cells transferred with the graft. Read More

Pract Neurol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is a rare, multisystem, autoimmune disorder with numerous clinical manifestations, mediated through a T-helper 1 response against melanocytes in the eye, inner ear, central nervous system, hair and skin. We describe a 20-year-old British-Honduran man with recent worsening headache and photophobia, vomiting and visual blurring. On examination, his pupils reacted sluggishly and visual acuities were bilaterally reduced. Read More

Peptides 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30308, United States. Electronic address:

Each year, over 50 million Americans suffer from persistent pain, including debilitating headaches, joint pain, and severe back pain. Although morphine is amongst the most effective analgesics available for the management of severe pain, prolonged morphine treatment results in decreased analgesic efficacy (i.e. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Mar 18;20(6). Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Dysfunction of FcGRIIb, the only inhibitory receptor of the FcGR family, is commonly found in the Asian population and is possibly responsible for the extreme endotoxin exhaustion in lupus. Here, the mechanisms of prominent endotoxin (LPS) tolerance in FcGRIIb-/- mice were explored on bone marrow-derived macrophages using phosphoproteomic analysis. As such, LPS tolerance decreased several phosphoproteins in the FcGRIIb-/- macrophage, including protein kinase C-β type II (PRKCB), which was associated with phagocytosis function. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019 Apr;44(7):E408-E413

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.

Study Design: A retrospective database analysis among Medicare beneficiaries OBJECTIVE.: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic steroid use and chronic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection on rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and mortality in patients 65 years of age and older who were treated with lumbar spine fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: Systemic immunosuppression and infection focus elsewhere in the body are considered risk factors for SSI. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Background: Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) is a less known etiology of acute onset anemia following ABO-compatible (ABO-c) liver transplantation (LT). Available literature on PLS following pediatric LT is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical course and risk factors of PLS in children following ABO-c LT. Read More

Skinmed 2019 19;17(1):18-22. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a polygenic autoimmune disease. The immunosuppressant drugs taken by patients who undergo solid organ transplantation might therefore be useful in its control. The literature, however, contains conflicting information in this regard. Read More

J Perioper Pract 2019 Mar 19:1750458919835435. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

The success of renal transplantation depends on lifelong immunosuppression. This can lead to a high incidence of avascular necrosis of major joints in the body for which arthroplasty is the treatment of choice. The risk of surgical complications is high in these patients, and there is no current set of cohesive perioperative management guidelines. Read More

Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2019 Jan-Mar;82(1):63-66

Department of Gastroenterology, UZ Brussels.

The finding of a terminal ileitis after kidney transplantation can cause a diagnostic challenge. Because the development of Crohn's disease under immunosuppressive therapy is unlikely, this diagnosis should only be considered after exclusion of infectious disease and drug-related intestinal toxicity. Defining the underlying cause of terminal ileitis is often hampered by a shortage of specific diagnostic tests or their lack of sensitivity. Read More

Allergy 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.

S. aureus is being recognized as a major co-factor in atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and asthma. The understanding of the relationship between S. Read More

Curr Diab Rep 2019 Mar 19;19(5):20. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight pathways important for the development of autoimmune diabetes by investigating shared mechanisms of disease in polygenic and monogenic diabetes.

Recent Findings: Genome-wide association studies have identified 57 genetic risk loci for type 1 diabetes. Progress has been made in unravelling the mechanistic effects of some of these variants, providing key insights into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2019 Mar 19:e13392. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Nocardia infection after RT is uncommon. The most common modes of exposure are inhalation of dust containing nocardia or contaminated soil/water and surgical instruments. Isolated abdominal nocardiosis following RT has not been reported. Read More

Cytometry A 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Lyon, 69003, France.

On May 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized sepsis as a global health priority by adopting a resolution to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and management of this deadly disease. While it has long been known that sepsis deeply perturbs immune homeostasis by inducing a tremendous systemic inflammatory response, pivotal observations based on clinical flow cytometry indicate that sepsis indeed initiates a more complex immune response that varies over time, with the concomitant occurrence of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. As a resultant, some septic patients enter a stage of protracted immunosuppression. Read More

Clin Transplant 2019 Mar 19:e13541. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Pharmacy Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Background: Leukopenia is a frequent complication following kidney transplantation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used to accelerate white blood cell (WBC) count recovery; however, published experience in kidney transplantation is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our kidney transplant recipients from January 2012 to September 2016 with a G-CSF order to evaluate leukopenia management (defined as WBC < 3000 cells/μL). Read More

J Gastrointest Surg 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Background: The impact of immunosuppressants on postoperative complications following colon resections for Crohn's disease remains controversial. This study aimed to compare postoperative outcomes between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients with Crohn's disease undergoing elective colon resection.

Methods: Analysis of 30-day outcomes using a cohort from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program colectomy-specific database was performed. Read More

Hautarzt 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.

Background: Pemphigus diseases are a heterogeneous group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune bullous disorders. Therefore, rapidly acting and effective therapeutic approaches are essential.

Objectives: In this review, current therapeutic options in line with available guidelines are presented and new therapeutic approaches are discussed. Read More

Internist (Berl) 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Medizinische Klinik IV, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.

Minimal change disease (MCD) or minimal change glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are the two major causes of nephrotic syndrome in children and young adults. Both disease entities resemble each other and can sometimes only be discriminated on the basis of their clinical courses. MCD and FSGS display two classical examples that share a common pathophysiology in which the glomerular podocyte and the cytoskeleton of its foot processes play important roles. Read More

Int Immunol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, Japan.

Autoimmune diseases are devastating conditions in which the immune system is directed against the host, leading to life-threatening destruction of organs. Although autoantigens are ill-defined in most autoimmune diseases, this is not the case in the skin. Autoimmune bullous diseases have been extensively studied with detailed characterization of autoantigens, the epitopes that are targeted, and the mechanisms of action that mediate autoimmune tissue destruction. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2018 Oct-Dec;11(4):234-236

Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum (PSPG) is a rare but serious surgical complication with a predilection for the breast and abdomen. Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment of PSPG. In addition, it has become a common practice for clinicians to prophylactically treat patients with a history of PSPG with corticosteroids or immunomodulators during subsequent operative procedures to prevent recurrence. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 18;9(1):4761. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.

Upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with increased cancer cell resistance and cancer cell-elicited immunosuppression. In non-neoplastic immune cells, upregulated Wnt/β-catenin is, however, associated with either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the therapeutic impact inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling will have when combined with cancer immunotherapy. Read More

Nat Cell Biol 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Recent studies have revealed a role for macrophages and neutrophils in limiting chemotherapy efficacy; however, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefit of myeloid-targeting agents in combination with chemotherapy are incompletely understood. Here, we show that targeting tumour-associated macrophages by colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) blockade in the K14cre;Cdh1;Trp53 transgenic mouse model for breast cancer stimulates intratumoural type I interferon (IFN) signalling, which enhances the anticancer efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Notably, anti-CSF-1R treatment also increased intratumoural expression of type I IFN-stimulated genes in patients with cancer, confirming that CSF-1R blockade is a powerful strategy to trigger an intratumoural type I IFN response. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

This clinical report updates and replaces a 2008 clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics, which addressed the roles of maternal and early infant diet on the prevention of atopic disease, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergy. As with the previous report, the available data still limit the ability to draw firm conclusions about various aspects of atopy prevention through early dietary interventions. Current evidence does not support a role for maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy or lactation. Read More

EMBO J 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Translational Medicine Research Center of Affiliated Jiangning Hospital, Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial mediators of immune control. The characteristic gene expression and suppressive functions of Tregs depend considerably on the stable expression and activity of the transcription factor FOXP3. Transcriptional regulation of the Foxp3 gene has been studied in depth, but both the expression and function of this factor are also modulated at the protein level. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) incidence is linked to immunosuppression. Patients with psoriasis (PsO) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) on systemic therapy may be at increased risk for HZ.

Objective: To assess HZ risk in patients with PsO/PsA by systemic treatment and provide recommendations regarding HZ vaccination. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. Electronic address:

The high concentration of ammonia resulting from intensive culture system and environmental pollution could cause disease occurrence in shrimp, but little information is available on its molecular mechanisms. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis among WSSV-infected shrimp under ammonia stress (LAV), WSSV-infected shrimp under normal water (LV), and normal shrimp under ammonia stress (LA) groups to identify the key genes and pathways involved in immunosuppression and increasing pathogen infection severity caused by ammonia toxicity in Litopenaeus vannamei. Totally, 526 significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LAV group compared to LV and LA groups, among which 270 genes were lost expressed and 67 genes uniquely expressed in the LAV group. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address:

Intestinal bacteria play an important role in the health and provide a variety of beneficial effects to host. Immunosuppressant can reduce the immunity of host and increase the susceptibility to pathogens. But it is not clear whether the increased susceptibility caused by immunosuppressant is related to changes of gut microbiota. Read More

BMC Cancer 2019 Mar 18;19(1):244. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.

Background: Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) represent one of the main groups of germ cell tumors (GCTs), and they have a more invasive course than seminomatous GCTs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity is considered to be a risk factor for testicular seminoma patients, but reports about HIV-infected individuals with NSGCTs are rare.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a retroperitoneal mixed extragonadal germ cell tumor in an HIV-infected man who has been diagnosed with bilateral cryptorchidism since birth. Read More