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J Surg Res 2020 Jun 2;254:294-299. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Electronic address:

Background: Corticosteroids have been a mainstay of immunosuppression in patients after solid organ transplantation. Due to deleterious effects, there is a push to minimize steroid use. The impact of corticosteroid use on prior solid organ transplant patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is unknown. Read More

Antiviral Res 2020 Jun 2:104826. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

The covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is critical for viral persistence in vivo. The lack of reliable, characterized and convenient small animal models for studying cccDNA persistence has long been a bottleneck for basic and translational research on HBV cure. A mouse model that can maintain intrahepatic cccDNA is urgently needed. Read More

Mol Pharm 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results in severe inflammatory microenvironments in the joint tissues. In clinics, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are generally prescribed to patients with RA, but their long-term use often shows toxicity in some organs such as gastro-intestine, skin, and kidney, and immunosuppression-mediated infection. Nanomedicine has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy to efficiently localize the drugs in inflamed joints for the treatment of RA. Read More

Mol Oncol 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.

Predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) help to identify cancer patients who will benefit from immunotherapy. PRKDC is an important gene for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and central T-cell tolerance. We aimed to investigate the association between PRKDC mutations and tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME), and response to ICI. Read More

Anesth Analg 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Background: The cellular immune system is of pivotal importance with regard to the response to severe infections. Monocytes / macrophages are considered key immune cells in infections and downregulation of the surface expression of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) expression within the major histocompatibility complex class II reflects a state of immunosuppression, also referred to as injury-associated immunosuppression. As the role of immunosuppression in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is currently unclear, we seek to explore the level of mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients. Read More

Cornea 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Cincinnati Eye Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

Purpose: To describe the outcomes of allograft ocular surface stem cell transplantation (OSST) and the complication profile of systemic immunosuppression (SI) in pediatric patients with limbal stem cell deficiency.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series from a single tertiary referral institution of 20 eyes from 13 patients who 1) underwent allograft OSST surgery, 2) were 18 years or less at time of OSST, and 3) received SI with 4) a minimum of 12-months follow-up. The main outcome measures were ocular surface stability, visual acuity, and SI adverse events. Read More

Telemed J E Health 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Internal Medicine Service, Lucus Augusti University Hospital, Lugo, Spain.

coronavirus disease 2019 ( Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Jun 5:e13353. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

General Surgery 2U - Liver Transplant Unit, University of Torino; A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.

Covid-19 pandemic is deeply affecting transplant activity worldwide. It is unclear whether solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing severe complications and how they should be managed, also concerning immunosuppression. This is a report about the course and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients from a single center in Northwestern Italy in the period March-April 2020. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Jun 5:e13352. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

December 2019 saw the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly escalated to a global pandemic , with an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems worldwide. The objective of this case series is to report on SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients and discuss the role of immunosuppression, comorbidities and shielding. In the UK, transplant recipients were classified as individuals vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to immunosuppression. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Jun 5:e13348. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Renal Transplant Center "A. Vercellone", Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Division, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Few reports described the outcome of kidney transplanted patients (KTs) affected by COVID-19 treated with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor Tocilizumab (TCZ). We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID-19 pneumonia who received TCZ: all were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5±8. Read More

Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark.

Introduction: Studies and have identified several peptides that are potentially useful in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The rationale for their use lies in the cost-effective production, high potency, target selectivity, low toxicity and a peculiar mechanism of action that is mainly based on the induction of immune tolerance. Three therapeutic peptides have entered clinical development, but they have yielded disappointing results. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Jun 5:e13351. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can manifest with flu-like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Read More

Hepatology 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Mayo Clinic Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, USA.

Three key management decisions in autoimmune hepatitis concern the use of budesonide and azathioprine as first-line therapy, the choice of mycophenolate mofetil or calcineurin inhibitors for patients failing steroids and azathioprine, and the role of maintenance steroids in prevention of recurrence after liver transplantation. To address these questions, comprehensive searches were performed (without language restrictions) of several databases from their inceptions to January 8, 2019. From 1,712 citations identified, the full texts of 578 studies were reviewed, and 13 studies met criteria for systematic review. Read More

Xenotransplantation 2020 Jun 5:e12608. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Interdivisional GMP Facility, Hospital Pharmacy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

During the last years, progress has been made in survival and function of pig-to-non-human primate organ xenotransplantation using organs from genetically modified pigs and immunosuppression regimens that are clinically acceptable. This, together with increased insights into a low risk of pig-to-human transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus, has opened the perspective of starting with first-in-human trials with xenogeneic organs. The regulatory path to clinical development is complex. Read More

Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020 Jun 4;22(7):30. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Rheumatology and Allergy, University of Crete Medical School, 71008 Voutes-Stavrakia, Heraklion, Greece.

Purpose Of Review: Update on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of lupus nephritis.

Recent Findings: The recent criteria enable the earlier classification of lupus nephritis based on kidney biopsy and compatible serology. Treatment of active nephritis includes low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate, followed by maintenance immunosuppression. Read More

Diabetologia 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Aims/hypothesis: Self-antigen-specific T cell responses drive type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, but alterations in innate immune responses are also critical and not as well understood. Innate immunity in human type 1 diabetes has primarily been assessed via gene-expression analysis of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, without the immune activation that could amplify disease-associated signals. Increased responsiveness in each of the two main innate immune pathways, driven by either type 1 IFN (IFN-1) or IL-1, have been detected in type 1 diabetes, but the dominant innate pathway is still unclear. Read More

Front Oncol 2020 15;10:796. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.

Glioma groups, including lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common primary brain tumor. Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are associated with a dismal prognosis. Hypoxia is a driver of the malignant phenotype in glioma groups; it triggers a cascade of immunosuppressive processes and malignant cellular responses (tumor progression, anti-apoptosis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy), which result in disease progression and poor prognosis. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 15;11:940. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge of the tumor microenvironment and the immune evasion mechanisms in which the tumor, stroma, and infiltrating immune cells function in a complex network. The potential barriers that profoundly challenge the overall clinical outcome of promising therapies need to be fully identified and counteracted. Although cancer immunotherapy has increasingly been applied, we are far from understanding how to utilize different strategies in the best way and how to combine therapeutic options to optimize clinical benefit. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 15;11:938. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient concentrations of essential amino acids restrict T-cells activation and proliferation. However, only arginases, that degrade L-arginine, as well as enzymes that hydrolyze L-tryptophan are substantially increased in cancer. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 15;11:916. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.

Dosage of immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation critically determines rejection and infection episodes. In this study, a global immune function assay was characterized among controls, dialysis-patients, and transplant-recipients to evaluate its utility for pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs and for predicting infections. Whole-blood samples were stimulated with anti-CD3/toll-like-receptor (TLR7/8)-agonist in the presence or absence of drugs and IFN-γ secretion was measured by ELISA. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 15;11:804. Epub 2020 May 15.

Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

While mortality after acute sepsis has decreased, the long-term recovery for survivors is still poor, particularly those developing persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). While previously thought that activated neutrophils responding to the acute phase of sepsis migrate to the spleen to undergo cell death and contribute to immunosuppression, our data show a significant accumulation of distinct, yet functional, neutrophil populations in the spleen in a murine model of PICS. The exact role and function of neutrophils in this response is still unclear. Read More

Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020 Jul 11;34(3):100550. Epub 2020 May 11.

General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Electronic address:

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is the only available treatment for human beings who cannot carry children out to term. However, despite several clinical studies with a very limited number of UTx many issues have to be addressed. Up to date, there is a limited number of successful UTx with livebirth and the majority was achieved with live donors. Read More

Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Inflammatory Disease Biology and Therapeutics Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Chronic bowel inflammation increases the risk of colon cancer: colitis associated cancer (CAC). Thiopurine use is associated with a reduction in dysplasia and CAC in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signalling is characteristic of >90% of colorectal cancers. Read More

Transplantation 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.

Background: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) poses unique challenges for immunosuppressed patients. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) comprise a large proportion of this group, yet there is limited knowledge about the presentation, clinical course and immunosuppression management of this novel infection among heart, lung, liver, pancreas and kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: We present 21 SOT diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 - April 22, 2020 at a US high-volume transplant center. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Jun 4:e13347. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. KS is most often seen in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but can occur in patients who are on immunosuppressive therapy. While the skin and oral mucosa are the typical site for KS, lesions of the tonsil are quite rare with only a few reported cases. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Jun 4:e13757. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York.

J Neurovirol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus which causes varicella as a primary infection, following which it becomes latent in peripheral autonomic, sensory, and cranial nerve ganglionic neurons from where it may reactivate after decades to cause herpes zoster. VZV reactivation may also cause a wide spectrum of neurological syndromes, in particular, acute encephalitis and vasculopathy. While there is potentially a large number of coding viral mutations that might predispose certain individuals to VZV infections, in practice, a variety of host factors are the main determinants of VZV infection, both disseminated and specifically affecting the nervous system. Read More

Unfallchirurg 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.

Since the introduction of biologicals and small molecules for the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, these patients are more active and therefore sustain more accidents. The hands and feet are most affected by inflammatory rheumatic diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis, and are also very exposed to injuries. Therefore, rheumatoid patients have a high coincidence of injuries and rheumatic destruction of the hands and feet. Read More

Sci Adv 2020 Apr 17;6(16):eaaz3186. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

The gut microbiome is the largest source of intrinsic non-self-antigens that are continuously sensed by the immune system but typically do not elicit lymphocyte responses. CD4 T cells are critical to sustain uninterrupted tolerance to microbial antigens and to prevent intestinal inflammation. However, clinical interventions targeting commensal bacteria-specific CD4 T cells are rare, because only a very limited number of commensal-derived epitopes have been identified. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2020 2;11:86. Epub 2020 May 2.

Departments of Radio diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical sciences, CNC, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Background: We attempt to compare preoperative inflammatory markers among children with medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma and establish their diagnostic efficacy to distinguish these tumors.

Methods: Children (<18 years) with biopsy-proven medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma operated at our institute from January 2012 to January 2018 were enrolled in this study. The hematological parameters were compared between the two groups and with healthy controls. Read More

Nat Commun 2020 Jun 3;11(1):2782. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.

The transcriptional repressor Blimp1 controls cell fate decisions in the developing embryo and adult tissues. Here we describe Blimp1 expression and functional requirements within maternal uterine tissues during pregnancy. Expression is robustly up-regulated at early post-implantation stages in the primary decidual zone (PDZ) surrounding the embryo. Read More

Sci Transl Med 2020 Jun;12(546)

Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.

Thymic regulatory T cells (tT) are potent inhibitors of autoreactive immune responses, and loss of tT function results in fatal autoimmune disease. Defects in tT number or function are also implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases, leading to growing interest in use of T as cell therapies to establish immune tolerance. Because tT are present at low numbers in circulating blood and may be challenging to purify and expand and also inherently defective in some subjects, we designed an alternative strategy to create autologous T-like cells from bulk CD4 T cells. Read More

Transplant Proc 2020 May 31. Epub 2020 May 31.

Department of Immunology, Transplant Medicine and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Background: Infection remains a serious clinical problem in liver transplant (LTX) recipients. A higher risk of infection is connected with immunosuppression therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between infections' incidence and concentrations of cyclosporine (CsA) metabolites after LTX. Read More

Transplant Proc 2020 May 31. Epub 2020 May 31.

Division of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Background: Sirolimus is an established immunosuppressant in renal transplantation with antineoplastic and antiviral features, but side effects like proteinuria limit its use. The aim of this retrospective multicenter observational study is to define predictors for determining which patients most likely benefit from a sirolimus-based therapy.

Methods: All patients from 10 German centers that were switched to a sirolimus-containing maintenance immunosuppression in 2000 to 2008 after 3 months or later post-transplantation were enrolled (n = 726). Read More

Trials 2020 Jun 3;21(1):470. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Objectives: SARS-CoV2 infection leads to a concomitant pulmonary inflammation. This inflammation is supposed to be the main driver in the pathogenesis of lung failure (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) in COVID-19. Objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single dose treatment with Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Heart Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Brazil.

Heart transplantation is the standard of therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease. Since the first human-to-human heart transplantation, performed in 1967, advances in organ donation, surgical techniques, organ preservation, perioperative care, immunologic risk assessment, immunosuppression agents, monitoring of graft function and surveillance of long-term complications have drastically increased recipient survival. However, there are yet many challenges in the modern era of heart transplantation in which immunosuppression may play a key role for further advances in the field. Read More

Cesk Patol 2020 ;56(2):83-88

Secondary vasculitides usually accompany various common and rare conditions, Their clinical picture is very diverse, they can be loclaized or genaralized. Most frequently, we find parainfectious, drug-related and paraneoplastic vasculitides, less commonly in connective tissue diseases, after radiotherapy or transplantation. Vasculitides may be associated to infection of any origin. Read More

Cesk Patol 2020 ;56(2):74-82

By term „vasculitis“ inflammatory disease of blood vessels is designated that leads to vessel wall destruction followed by proliferation and occlusion of their lumina. Basic condition for this diagnosis is that vessel wall is a primary site of the pathological process. Clinical syndromes are a consequence of this process resulting into ischaemia of tissues supplied by the affected vessels and with constitutional symptoms associated to the inflammatory disease. Read More

Am J Transplant 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Dept. of Surgery, Medical University of Graz.

Immunosuppression and frequent comorbidities in transplant recipients potentially increase the risk of fatal outcomes of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. A 1965 born male had suffered from haemophilia A. In the nineteen-seventies, he acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, probably via factor VIII supplementation, and in 1985 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Read More

Mol Ther 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address:

Regulatory T cells maintain immunological tolerance and dampen inflammatory responses. Administering regulatory T cells can prevent the immune-mediated tissue destruction of graft-versus-host disease, which frequently accompanies hematopoietic stem cell transfer. Neutralizing the T cell-specific kinase, protein kinase C theta, which promotes T cell effector functions and represses regulatory T cell differentiation, augments regulatory T cell immunosuppression and stability. Read More

Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020 May 25;4(3):195-207. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan.

Among the recent topics in the field of liver transplantation (LT), one of the significant therapeutic breakthroughs is the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. With cure rates close to 100%, a better proportion of LT candidates and recipients can be cured of HCV infection by DAA therapies that are simple and well-tolerated. Other critical topics include the issue of indication of LT for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which has been continuously studied. Read More

Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020 Jun 12;17:1129-1138. Epub 2020 May 12.

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector gene therapy is a promising treatment for a variety of genetic diseases, including hemophilia. Systemic administration of AAV vectors is associated with a cytotoxic immune response triggered against AAV capsid proteins, which if untreated can result in loss of transgene expression. Immunosuppression (IS) with corticosteroids has limited transgene loss in some AAV gene therapy clinical trials, but was insufficient to prevent loss in other studies. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Sep 10;32:101245. Epub 2020 May 10.

Head of Clinical Unit, Department of Urology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, South Africa.

Necrotising Fasciitis, also known as Fournier's Gangrene (FG), is a condition that rarely affects children. FG was first described by French venereologist, Jean Alfred Fournier in 1883. It is more common in adults and is strongly linked to immunosuppression. Read More

Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020 Apr 5;37(2):154-158. Epub 2020 May 5.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.

Due to constantly growing population of immunocompromised patients the fungi became a widespread threat to modern medicine. HIV carriers, solid organ transplant recipients constitute most of those patients. Cryptococcosis is a frequent cause of life-threatening infections, affecting mostly immunosuppressed patients. Read More

Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.

Background: Tumor initiation and subsequent progression are usually long-term processes, spread over time and conditioned by diverse aspects. Many cancers develop on the basis of chronic inflammation; however, despite dozens of years of research, little is known about the factors triggering neoplastic transformation under these conditions. Molecular characterization of both pathogenetic states, i. Read More

Ann Hematol 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.

No agreement had been reached on the treatment of patients with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) secondary to indolent malignancies. Data was collected from patients with acquired PRCA from May, 2014 to May, 2018 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Tumor-associated PRCA and primary PRCA patients were matched at a ratio of 1:2 with compatible baseline characteristics. Read More

Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Ciberhed, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain.

Purpose Of Review: Classifiers based on artificial intelligence have emerged in all areas of medicine. Although very subtle, many decisions in organ transplantation can now be addressed in a more concisely manner with the support of these classifiers.

Recent Findings: Any aspect of organ transplantation (image processing, prediction of results, diagnostic proposals, therapeutic algorithms or precision treatments) consists of a set of input variables and a set of output variables. Read More

Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2020 Jul;15(4):232-242

Yale Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Purpose Of Review: We will present recent articles focusing on HIV synergistic interactions with other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and hepatitis, as well as recent advances in the study of social and behavioral determinants that facilitate this clustering of infectious disease. For each synergistic interaction, we highlight evidence-based interventions that clinicians and policymakers should consider to tackle HIV and infectious disease syndemics.

Recent Findings: Significant advances in understanding the behavioral and structural determinants of HIV and other infectious disease synergisms have been made in the past years. Read More