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Asian Spine J 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the postoperative prognostic factors for spinal intramedullary ependymoma.

Overview Of Literature: Ependymoma (World Health Organization grade II) is the most frequent intramedullary spinal tumor and is treated by total resection. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2020 May 1:1-6. Epub 2020 May 1.

3Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic; and Departments of.

Objective: The authors sought to describe the long-term recurrence patterns, prognostic factors, and effect of adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy (RT) on treatment outcomes for patients with spinal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE).

Methods: The authors reviewed a tertiary institution IRB-approved database and collected data regarding patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics for all patients treated consecutively from 1974 to 2015 for histologically confirmed spinal MPE. Key outcomes included relapse-free survival (RFS), postrecurrence RFS, failure patterns, and influence of timing of RT on recurrence patterns. Read More

Int J Neurosci 2020 Apr 30:1-8. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Centre, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) ependymomas are very rare, and IDEM ependymomas with craniospinal disseminated metastasis are exceptionally rare; only 2 preoperative cases have been confirmed, and postoperative cases have not been reported. We present a case of a 21-year-old female with an IDEM ependymoma of the craniocervical junction who experienced head and neck pain for more than 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed a large IDEM cystic lesion located in the medulla oblongata and the upper cervical spinal cord. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Feb 28;134:549-554. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England.

Background: Intradural extramedullary spinal ependymomas arising from outside the region of the conus medullaris are rare clinical entities, and anaplastic transformation of these lesions is even more exceptional.

Case Description: We report on a case of an intradural extramedullary T5-T6 ependymoma that underwent gross total resection. Histologic analysis of the initial tumor revealed a World Health Organization grade 2 ependymoma. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020 Jun;18(6):E240-E241

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

The brainstem is a less-common location for ependymomas than the spinal cord where they are the most common adult intramedullary tumor.1-18 In this first video case report in the peer-reviewed literature, we demonstrate microsurgical resection of a medulla oblongata ependymoma.  There are several case reports of medulla oblongata ependymomas1,3,5,6,13 and a few series of spinal cord ependymomas that included cases of ependymomas of the cervicomedullary junction. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019 Aug;51(4):769-774

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, China.

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SSCNS) is a rare disorder caused by hemosiderin deposits in the subpial layers of the brain and spinal cord due to prolonged or recurrent low-grade bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Central nervous system tumor could be one of the sources of bleeding. Some problems exist at present regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SSCNS in China. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020 Jun;18(6):E235

Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.

We present a surgical video illustrating the technique for en bloc resection of an intradural-extramedullary lumbar tumor. The patient is a 63-yr-old woman presenting with worsening bilateral leg pain. Imaging of her lumbar spine showed an enhancing, circumscribed intradural-extramedullary tumor compressing her cauda equina at the L2 level. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Nov 31;131:e155-e169. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Objective: To integrate 3-dimensional (3D) intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) data in spinal navigation.

Methods: In 11 patients with intradural spinal tumors, 3D-iUS was performed before and after tumor resection. Intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) was used for automatic patient registration for spinal navigation; fiducial-based registration was performed in 1 case. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 10 12;161(10):2181-2193. Epub 2019 Jul 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany.

Background: Microscope-based augmented reality (AR) is commonly used in cranial surgery; however, until recently, this technique was not implemented for spinal surgery. We prospectively investigated, how AR can be applied for intradural spinal tumor surgery.

Methods: For ten patients with intradural spinal tumors (ependymoma, glioma, hemangioblastoma, meningioma, and metastasis), AR was provided by head-up displays (HUDs) of operating microscopes. Read More

Neuroradiology 2019 Aug 14;61(8):945-948. Epub 2019 Jun 14.

Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sreechitra Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.

A 37-year-old female presented with gradually progressive asymmetric ascending paraesthesia and weakness involving bilateral upper and lower limbs. The MRI spine images revealed expansile intramedullary, solid cystic, peripherally enhancing lesion with a haemosiderin cap along the lower margin. The lesion extended into the left C5 and C6 nerve root exit zones, along with thickening and enhancement of the nerve roots. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2019 May;7(10):1142-1148

Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.

Background: Myxopapillary ependymomas are rare spinal tumours. Although histologically benign, they have a tendency for local recurrence.

Case Summary: We describe a patient suffering from extra- and intradural myxopapillary ependymoma with perisacral spreading. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020 Jan 24;81(1):71-74. Epub 2019 May 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Ectopic adrenal cortical neoplasms of the spinal cord are extremely rare. To date only 10 such cases have been described. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman with lower back pain radiating to the right gluteal and posterior femoral regions, without a history of traumatic injury. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Jul 30;65:34-40. Epub 2019 Apr 30.

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Pediatric patients presenting with intramedullary spinal cord lesions often require specific diagnoses to guide their treatment plans. Though results from magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar puncture may narrow the differential diagnosis, these tests cannot always provide a definitive diagnosis. In such cases, spinal cord biopsy may be undertaken to provide a specific histopathologic diagnosis for guiding treatment. Read More

Clin Spine Surg 2019 05;32(4):E183-E187

Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation.

Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and clinical relevance of neuroaxial anomalies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients as well as to evaluate different clinical and radiologic variables as potential predictors of the presence of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality.

Summary Of Background Data: The usefulness of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in AIS is still debated in the literature as well as the clinical relevance of the neuroaxial anomalies detected. Read More

Joint Bone Spine 2019 Oct 16;86(5):642. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Service de médecine interne, hôpital universitaire Mohamed-Tahar-Maamouri de Nabeul, 8000 Nabeul, Tunisia. Electronic address:

Pathol Res Pract 2019 Jul 4;215(7):152380. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Department of Neuropathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address:

We describe an adult female patient diagnosed with spinal melanotic ependymoma. She underwent surgery with the aim of gross total resection, but only subtotal resection was possible. Therefore, the patient was re-evaluated 6 weeks following surgery. Read More

Radiographics 2019 Mar-Apr;39(2):468-490

From the Department of Neuroradiology, American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, 1011 Wayne Ave, Suite 320, Silver Spring, MD 20910 (K.K.K., R.Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (K.K.K.); Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.Y.S.); and Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (R.Y.S.).

While intradural extramedullary spinal disease varies widely, identification of tumors in this location and their radiologic manifestations greatly facilitates narrowing of the diagnostic considerations. Meningioma and schwannoma are the two most common intradural extramedullary tumors, and both are associated with neurofibromatosis. Meningiomas are most common in the thoracic spine and show a strong female predilection and a clinical manifestation related to compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019 03;103(3):542-543

Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2019 24;5. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

2Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ USA.

Introduction: Spinal cord tumors are a rare cause of spinal cord disorder (SCD). Early diagnosis can be challenging, especially in patient populations with other potential etiologies for back pain, such as pregnant women.

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old female presented at 8 weeks gestation with thoracic back pain initially diagnosed as gestational low back pain. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 23;9:211. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Background: Ependymomas represent 50-60% of all brain and central nervous system tumors. Previous lumbar spine surgery for resection of an ependymoma should not be considered a relative contraindication for the administration of epidural/subarachnoid anesthesia to patients in labor.

Case Description: A 34-year-old G1P0, who underwent resection of an L1-L3 intramedullary ependymoma 8 years previously, presented in active labor with residual left leg numbness and tingling. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2018 10;30(1):133-139

Departments of1Neurosurgery and.

OBJECTIVEThe intraoperative differentiation of ependymomas from astrocytomas is important because neurosurgical strategies differ between these two tumor groups. Previous studies have reported that the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumors is higher than 83%-97%, whereas that for spinal intramedullary tumors remains unknown. Herein, authors tested the hypothesis that intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis is the gold standard for a differential diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Read More

Med J Armed Forces India 2018 Oct 5;74(4):407-409. Epub 2017 Oct 5.

Classified Specialist (ENT), Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India.

Neurofibromatosis is a neurocutaneous, tumor predisposing, inheritable disorder characterized by tumors of the brain and spine and the presence of skin lesions. The most important tumors associated with neurofibromatosis are vestibular nerve schwannomas, with others being meningiomas and ependymomas. The cord is also affected by tumors, ependymoma being the commonest, besides meningiomas and schwannomas. Read More

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018 6;4:99. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

3Department of Radiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.

Introduction: Schwannomas at an intramedullary location constitute only 0.3% of primary spinal tumors. Those in the conus are extremely rare, especially in the absence of neurofibromatosis, with only 12 cases reported in the literature so far, excluding the present case. Read More

Asian Spine J 2019 Feb 24;13(1):119-125. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Complex of Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Purpose: We report our experience with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-assisted resection of spinal cord ependymomas in adults.

Overview Of Literature: Ependymoma is the most frequent primary spinal cord tumor in adults. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 12;121:239-242. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Craniospinal Surgery Center, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: Spinal cord ependymomas are the most frequent primary intramedullary tumors of the cord in middle age (40-60 years of age). Myxopapillary ependymomas are low-incidence tumors and occur in the cauda equina and conus medullaris. They are typically described as fleshy, sausage-shaped, vascular lesions. Read More

Eur Spine J 2019 02 12;28(2):426-433. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.

Purpose: To report a case series of surgically proven spinal ependymomas of WHO grade II in which there were changes in the preoperative MRI characteristics over time.

Methods: A total of 71 patients with spinal cord ependymoma of WHO grade II underwent surgery. There were ten cases in which surgery was performed at an average of 2. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2018 Jul;27(3):665-668

Dr Kohinoor Jahan Shyamaly, Resident Phase-B, Department of General Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are malignant tumor of pluripotent cells of neural crest. It has diverse clinical presentation and aggressive clinical behaviour. Clinical features may provide some clue but imaging studies such as MRI of brain; tissue histopathology, immune histochemistry and cytogenetic are essential to confirm the diagnosis. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Sep;43(9):e319-e321

A 49-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with subacute paraparesis associated with bilateral cervicobrachial neuralgia. Brain and spine MRI revealed a heterogeneous hypervascular pineal tumor and a multifocal thoracolumbar intradural-extramedullary infiltrate with signs of medullary compression. C7-T2 laminectomy was performed on the same day for medullary decompression, allowing for partial lesion excision. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2018 Jul-Sep;9(3):354-358

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Aim: Spinal ependymomas are among the most common intramedullary neoplasms in both adults and children. While surgical resection is the golden treatment standard, the role chemotherapy and radiotherapy have in patients with spinal ependymomas remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of functional outcome following spinal ependymoma resection to single out patients that may require adjuvant therapy. Read More

J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2018 Jun 28;49(2):153-163. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Aim: To describe the clinical implementation and optimization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems installed in a radiation oncology department for dedicated use in radiotherapy (RT) simulation and treatment planning for pediatric patients.

Methods: Two wide-bore MRI systems were installed and commissioned in 2016. Patient setups, coil placements, and scan protocols were developed to image various anatomic sites in children. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2018 Feb;107(5):277-280

1 Hausarztpraxis, Zürich.

Eur Spine J 2018 07 30;27(Suppl 3):436-439. Epub 2018 Jan 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.

Background: Standard fluoroscopic guidance (C-arm fluoroscopy) has been routinely used for intraoperative localization of spinal level for surgical removal of intraspinal tumour, while it is not suitable for selected patients, e.g. pregnant women, who need to avoid radiation exposure. Read More

J Spine Surg 2017 Dec;3(4):727-731

Department of Neurosurgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Ependymomas are neuroectodermal tumours arising from the ependymal lining of the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) ependymomas which are multifocal, and/or anaplastic (WHO grade III) at presentation are exceedingly rare. We present the second case of multifocal anaplastic IDEM ependymoma in the literature. Read More

J Spine Surg 2017 Dec;3(4):697-701

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France.

Myxopapillary ependymoma is a rare tumour of the central nervous system (CNS); this subtype of ependymoma occurs most frequently in cauda equina, conus medullaris or filum terminale. The treatment consists of complete removal of the tumour including its capsule when possible since it is usually a solitary lesion. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the CNS is found in only 1. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Mar 5;111:e703-e709. Epub 2018 Jan 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Cologne Merheim Hospital, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany.

Background: Ependymomas are rare central nervous system tumors. Local tumor distribution in the central nervous system depends on age: among adults, ependymomas occur mostly in the spinal cord, whereas among children, intracranial manifestations are more common. To date, there are no prospective studies about treatment strategies for ependymomas. Read More

Eur Spine J 2018 07 21;27(Suppl 3):421-425. Epub 2017 Dec 21.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Purpose: Myxopapillary ependymomas are intradural tumors which grow from the terminal filum of the spinal cord. Although they are classified as WHO grade I, they sometimes cause cerebrospinal fluid dissemination or local recurrence. In this report, we describe a case in that temozolomide (TMZ) showed remarkable efficacy on a recurrent spinal myxopapillary ependymoma. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018 05;43(9):E525-E530

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the characteristic imaging features of spinal ependymoma in a review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for a large series of surgically proven cases.

Summary Of Background Data: Common spinal intramedullary neoplasms are mostly ependymomas and comprise 50% to 60% of spinal neuroepithelial tumors in adults. Read More

Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2017 Oct;88(10):970-973

McCoy RP. You're the flight surgeon: myxopapillary ependymoma. Aersop Med Hum Perform. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2017 Nov 8;27(5):518-527. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

Departments of 1 Orthopedic Surgery and.

OBJECTIVE A number of studies have reported that surgery for cervical intramedullary tumors via the posterior approach can result in postoperative sagittal malalignment of the cervical spine; however, the risk factors remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in cervical spinal alignment after surgery for cervical intramedullary tumors in adults and to elucidate the risk factors for cervical spinal sagittal misalignment. METHODS Data for the period from April 2001 to December 2011 for all adults who had undergone surgery for cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumors at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed to determine the postoperative changes in cervical spine alignment. Read More

Neurosurg Rev 2018 Apr 17;41(2):503-511. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Alexandria University, 20 Amin Fikry Str. Raml Station, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) are relatively infrequent lesions with ependymomas and astrocytomas representing the most common types. Microsurgical resection is established as the treatment of choice for these challenging lesions. We reviewed the surgical outcome of 29 cases operated for IMSCTs by the same surgeon between 2009 and 2015. Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2016 Oct 7;3(4):111-114. Epub 2016 Sep 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.

Spinal intradural extramedullary inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is an extremely rare entity. Spontaneous shrinking of a spinal IPT has never been reported. A case of an IPT of the cauda equina that regressed spontaneously is presented. Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2016 Jul 16;3(3):91-95. Epub 2016 May 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

We present a rare case of spontaneous hemorrhage of a spinal ependymoma in the filum terminale presenting with acute cauda equina syndrome. A 16-year-old male presented with a sudden onset of severe back pain that began 10 days before hospitalization. This symptom progressed, followed by development of decreased sensation in the lower extremities, bladder dysfunction, and motor weakness that advanced to an inability to walk. Read More

Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017 May;6(2):128-131

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.

A 7-month-old boy presented with gastrointestinal disturbance, mild neurologic deficit of the left lower extremity and levo-scoliosis of the thoracic spine. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large intramedullary lesion involving the thoracic spine, from level T1 to T11. Histologic analysis showed a glial tumor with fibrillary processes arranged in radial pattern around mucoid fibrovascular cores with a high proliferative index (focally up to 80%) and prominent vascular endothelial hyperplasia. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2017 Oct 29;25(7):644-647. Epub 2017 May 29.

1 National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Ependymomas are glial neoplasms with rare cases exhibiting neuronal differentiation. We describe a case of spinal anaplastic ependymoma with ganglionic differentiation in a 28-year-old woman. The ganglionic component was labeled by synaptophysin, whereas the rest of the tumor showed features of an anaplastic ependymoma. Read More

Cureus 2017 Mar 6;9(3):e1082. Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Department of Nephrology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Patients with spinal abnormalities infrequently present with intradural intramedullary bleeding. The more common causes include spinal trauma, arteriovenous malformations and saccular aneurysms of spinal arteries. On occasion, spinal cord tumors either primary or metastatic may cause intramedullary bleed with ependymoma of the conus medullaris. Read More

Clin Imaging 2017 Jul - Aug;44:12-15. Epub 2017 Mar 30.

Hematology-Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel, 14 Kaplan Street, PO Box 559, Petach Tikvah 49202, Israel.

Objective: Relapse of ependymoma in childhood portends a grave prognosis. While the detection of local recurrence is usually simple, spotting leptomeningeal metastasis might be challenging. We aimed to evaluate possible "hotspots" where metastasis tend to appear. Read More

Eur Spine J 2017 05 30;26(Suppl 1):222-224. Epub 2017 Mar 30.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.

Introduction: We report a rare case with multiple intradural-extramedullary spinal ependymomas with different histological features.

Case Report: A 26-year-old female presented to our hospital because of difficulty in walking due to progressive paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spinal cord showed multiple spinal cord tumors. Read More

Clin Spine Surg 2017 04;30(3):102-111

Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Ependymomas are the most common gliomas of the conus and lower cord, with the cervical cord being the second most common location. These tumors can extend upward 3-4 vertebra, and some ependymomas can extend up over 15 segments. Depending on many factors, such as tumor size, lateralization, kyphotic deformity, and lordosis state, there are several posterior surgical options, including laminectomy, laminectomy and lateral mass screw-plate, and laminoplasty. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017 Apr;42 Suppl 7:S22

Western Neurosurgery, Ltd, Tucson, AZ.

Neurocirugia (Astur) 2017 Jul - Aug;28(4):190-196. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, España.

A dark pigmented intramedullary mass is very rarely encountered in daily practice, and poses a diagnostic challenge. Several entities have to be considered, including melanin-containing tumours (melanotic ependymoma and melanotic schwannoma) and melanocyte-containing tumours (melanocytoma, primary melanoma and melanoma metastases). The case is presented of a 47 year-old male with a pigmented intramedullary tumour located at T7-T8 level. Read More