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J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 15:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

OBJECTIVESuccessful convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents to subcortical brain structures requires accurate cannula placement. Stereotactic guiding devices have been developed to accurately target brain nuclei. However, technologies remain limited by a lack of MRI compatibility, or by devices' size, making them suboptimal for direct gene delivery to brain parenchyma. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Feb 15:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

3Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

OBJECTIVEThe location of the human spinothalamic tract (STT) in the anterolateral spinal cord has been known for more than a century. The exact nature of the neuronal fiber lamination within the STT, however, remains controversial. After correlating in vivo macrostimulation-induced pain/temperature sensation during percutaneous cervical cordotomy with simultaneous CT imaging of the electrode tip location, the authors present a modern description of the somatotopy of the human cervical STT. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 15:1-6. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery and.

OBJECTIVEThis study evaluated changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus after transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) thalamotomy and their associations with clinical outcome.METHODSClinical and radiological data of 12 patients with medically refractory essential tremor (mean age 76.5 years) who underwent TcMRgFUS thalamotomy with VIM targeting were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Feb 15:1-9. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and.

OBJECTIVEDiscitis and osteomyelitis are seen in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to repeated vascular access for hemodialysis and urinary tract infections leading to recurrent bacteremia. Discitis and osteomyelitis are underdiagnosed due to the nonspecific initial presentation of back pain. In this article, we review the literature for better understanding of the problem and the importance of early diagnosis by primary care physicians and nephrologists. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Feb 15:1-4. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Clinical Neurosciences.

OBJECTIVEKawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis that can cause aneurysm formation in coronary arteries and, more rarely, in peripheral arteries. A possible connection between KD and intracranial aneurysms is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if KD is associated with intracranial aneurysms. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Feb 15:1-9. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

2Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah.

OBJECTIVEThere is contradictory evidence regarding the relative contribution of the key stabilizing ligaments of the occipitoatlantal (OA) joint. Cadaveric studies are limited by the nature and the number of injury scenarios that can be tested to identify OA stabilizing ligaments. Finite element (FE) analysis can overcome these limitations and provide valuable data in this area. Read More

Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018 Dec 24;285:51-57. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address:

Prior research indicates that socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with prefrontal cortical (PFC) development in childhood and adolescence, however the mechanisms of this link are unclear. This study investigated whether DNA methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity), mediated the association between neighborhood disadvantage and thickness of the PFC in adolescents. Neighborhood disadvantage was measured in 33 adolescents aged 12-13 years using the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Jan 31;130(4):491-504. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of conventional 21-channel EEG (conv-EEG), 72-channel high-density EEG (HD-EEG) and 306-channel MEG in localizing interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs).

Methods: Twenty-four children who underwent epilepsy surgery were studied. IEDs on conv-EEG, HD-EEG, MEG and intracranial EEG (iEEG) were localized using equivalent current dipoles and dynamical statistical parametric mapping (dSPM). Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Jan 18;130(4):484-490. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address:

Objectives: This study aimed to assess structural and functional connectivity alterations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-thalamus axis in individuals with unilateral intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) showing executive control function (ECF) impairment and to explore the potential mechanism.

Methods: Thirty-eight individuals with intractable left TLE and twenty-nine healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scanning. According to the ECF state, patients were assigned to normal and impaired ECF groups. Read More

Clin Imaging 2019 Jan 16;55:89-94. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine whether Likert scale (Deauville criteria) can be used to classify oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) patients as 'responders' and 'nonresponders' by utilizing FDG-PET/CT for primary tumor site. The second aim is to compare the performance of methods used in interpretation of posttreatment PET/CT scans (Likert scale, SUVmax, ratios of SUVmax primary lesion to mediastinum 'SUVmax P/M' and SUVmax primary lesion to liver 'SUVmax P/L') in predicting treatment response.

Methods: Seventy-seven PET/CT scans were assessed by Deauville criteria, five-point Likert scale. Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019 Feb 4;177:313-320. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Theranostic nanoplatforms have been recognized for imaging-guided diagnosis and chemotherapy of cancer by integrating imaging function into the drug delivery systems (DDSs). Here, a facile approach was developed for the fabrication of polymeric prodrug microspheres by introducing pH sensitive "off-on" fluorochrome Rhodamine 6G into bioreducible cleavable bisulfide crosslinked PEGylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PEG-PGMA) microspheres, followed with chemical conjugation of doxorubicin (DOX) via an acid-labile hydrazone linkage. High drug content of 25. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Feb 11;30:136-140. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Background: Leptomeningeal inflammation is associated with increased cortical damage and worse clinical outcomes in MS. It may be detected on contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR imaging as focal leptomeningeal contrast-enhancement (LME).

Objective: To assess the safety of intrathecal (IT) rituximab in progressive MS (PMS) and to assess its effects on LME and CSF biomarkers. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Feb 8;30:123-128. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, The Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China. Electronic address:

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) is an immune-mediated disease that is pathologically characterized by demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in the CNS and includes clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). IDD is usually characterized by variable symptoms, multivariate imaging, uncertain reactions to treatment, and a variable prognosis, which makes it difficult to diagnose early. In recent years, the role of the neurofilament light chain (NFL), an axonal injury biomarker, in IDD has become increasingly important. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Feb 8;30:119-122. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A typical finding on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of NMOSD is longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). However, patients with NMOSD presenting with short-segment transverse myelitis (STM) during myelitis attacks associated with breast cancer are uncommon. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 Feb 6;178:97-100. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kirikkale, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basilar artery (BA) tortuosity, hypogenesis/agenesis of the vertebral artery (VA), and vertigo, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Patients And Methods: This case-control study included patients admitted to the outpatient clinics, who were aged 18-80 years, without any known systemic diseases. All patients were evaluated with a 1. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Feb 8;120:64-67. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3231 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Building Room 6507, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA. Electronic address:

Despite various studies that have demonstrated risk of cochlear implant magnet displacement following MRI, minimal literature is available on radiologic recognition of magnet displacement. Current literature emphasizes the status and placement of the electrode component of the implant. This case report examines the consequences of a delay in radiologic diagnosis of a displaced magnet including hospital admission, unnecessary radiation, and prolonged patient discomfort. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Departments of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To explore predictors of epilepsy presentation in unruptured bAVMs with quantitative evaluation of location and radiomics features on T2 weighted imaging.

Methods: This retrospective study identified 117 patients with unruptured bAVMs. Cases were randomly split into training (n=90) and test dataset (n=27). Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Background And Purpose: Posterior communicating artery segment aneurysms are one of the most frequent intracranial aneurysms. Currently, there is limited literature describing the use of the pipeline embolization device in these aneurysms.

Material And Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective review of 3 prospectively-collected databases of patients treated with pipeline between January 2013 and December 2017. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Toronto Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the incidence of screen-detected lung cancer (LC), in participants with previously negative scans, will be highest in the cohort with the highest baseline risk score.

Methods: Individuals with negative baseline screening results from the Princess Margaret International Early Lung Cancer Action Program prior to 2009 underwent low-dose CT rescreening from 2015 to 2018. Individuals were contacted in order of descending risk, as determined by the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial's PLCO 6-year LC risk-prediction model, and then categorized into three risk cohorts according to their baseline risks. Read More

Neuroscience 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address:

Effective information transmission for open skill performance requires fine-scale coordination of distributed networks of brain regions linked by white matter tracts. However, how patterns of connectivity in these anatomical pathways may improve global efficiency remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that the feeder edges in visual and motor systems have the potential to become "expressways" that increase the efficiency of information communication across brain networks of open skill experts. Read More

Methods 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, High Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China. Electronic address:

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a newly developed three-dimensional tomographic imaging modality in the field of breast cancer screening designed to alleviate the limitations of conventional digital mammography-based breast screening methods. A computer-aided detection (CAD) system was designed for masses in DBT using a faster region-based convolutional neural network (faster-RCNN). To this end, a data set was collected, including 89 patients with 105 masses. Read More

Bone 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan; Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan. Electronic address:

Zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 (Zscan10) was identified as a novel transcription factor that is involved in osteoclast differentiation in our previous report. However, the biological functions of Zscan10 are not fully understood except its roles in the maintenance of genome stability and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the function of Zscan10 in somatic cells, especially during osteoclast differentiation. Read More

Toxicol In Vitro 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic. Electronic address:

Ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have gained attention in biomedicine due to their many potential applications, such as targeted drug delivery, their use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and oncological treatments. The information about the risk effects of ferrite NPs in human blood cells is, however, scarce. To assess their potential toxicity, in vitro studies were carried out with magnetite and zinc, nickel and nickel‑zinc ferrites NPs at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 μg·ml). Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. Electronic address:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in humans. Topical treatment with imiquimod provides a non-invasive, self-administered treatment with relatively low treatment cost. Despite displaying excellent efficacy, imiquimod is only licensed by the FDA for superficial BCC. Read More

Magn Reson Imaging 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Radiology, Box 218, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 0QQ. Electronic address:

The tumor microenvironment is characteristically acidic and this extracellular acidosis is known to play a role in carcinogenesis and metastasis and can affect tumor chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity. Intracellular pH has been used as a possible biomarker of salvageable tissue in ischemic stroke. A non-invasive MRI-based approach for the determination and imaging of cerebral pH would be a powerful tool in cancer diagnosis and monitoring, as well as stroke treatment planning. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York, New York, NY; The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY.

J Control Release 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Kanchipuram, India; Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Kanchipuram, India. Electronic address:

In recent years, novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are of great interest for diverse potential applications such as device fabrication, energy storage, sensing and theranostics because of their superlative physical features namely, large surface area, minimal thickness, tunable composition and easier surface modification methods. Rapid exploration in design and fabrication of 2D nano-structures have opened new avenue for cancer theranostics as it can encapsulate group of cancer cells and inflict major damage with great specificity in a non-invasive manner. Among the reported 2D materials such as graphene and its derivatives, metallic compounds, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), black phosphorous and MXenes (e. Read More

J Control Release 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

The combination of imaging and anticancer therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy. However, nonspecific imaging signals and distribution of anticancer drugs at normal tissues limit the specificity of the combination therapy. To overcome the challenges, we designed a system which can selectively visualize cancer tissues and initiate the subsequent action of therapeutic molecules in tumor microenvironment. Read More

Neuropsychologia 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address:

In previous studies we have provided evidence that performance in speeded response tasks with infrequent target stimuli reflects both automatic and controlled cognitive processes, based on differences in reaction time (RT) and task-related brain responses (Cheyne, Ferrari et al. 2012, Isabella, Ferrari et al. 2015). Read More

Immunol Lett 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy. Electronic address:

Type I interferons (IFNs) released upon viral infections play different and opposing roles in disease outcome. This pleiotropic effect is mainly influenced by the cellular sources, timing and target cells for these molecules. The effect of type I IFN signaling on the activation and differentiation of antiviral CD4 T cells remains ill defined, with studies reporting either a beneficial or a detrimental role, depending on the context of infection. Read More

Dev Sci 2019 Feb 16:e12817. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK.

The first 1000 days of life are a critical window of vulnerability to exposure to socio-economic and health challenges (i.e. poverty/undernutrition). Read More

Cancer Sci 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Division of Screening for Molecular Target of Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

Gastric cancer in young adults has been pointed out to comprise a subgroup associated with distinctive clinicopathological features, including an equal gender distribution, advanced disease and diffuse-type histology. Comprehensive molecular analyses of gastric cancers have led to molecular-based classifications and to specific and effective treatment options available. The molecular traits of gastric cancers in young adults await investigations, which should provide a clue to explore therapeutic strategies. Read More

J Physiol 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.

Key Points Summary: Small-conductance Ca -activated K (SK) channels expressed in ventricular myocytes are dormant in health yet become functional in cardiac disease. SK channels are voltage independent and their gating is controlled by intracellular [Ca ] in a biphasic manner. Submicromolar [Ca ] activates the channel via constitutively-bound calmodulin, while higher [Ca ] exerts inhibitory effect during depolarization. Read More

Radiol Med 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Hybrid imaging procedures such as single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed a rapid diffusion in recent years because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, due to a more accurate localization and definition of scintigraphic findings. However, hybrid systems inevitably lead to an increase in patient radiation exposure because of the added CT component. Effective doses due to the radiopharmaceuticals can be estimated by multiplying the administered activities by the effective dose coefficients, while for the CT component the dose-length product can be multiplied by a conversion coefficient k. Read More

Radiol Med 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.

Degenerative osteoarthropathy is one of the leading causes of the pain and disability from musculoskeletal disease in the adult population. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows optimal visualization of all tissues involved in degenerative osteoarthritis disease process, mainly the articular cartilage. In addition to qualitative and semiquantitative morphologic assessment, several MRI-based advanced techniques have been developed to allow characterization and quantification of the biochemical cartilage composition. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1948:145-156

Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) has been a remarkable experimental model for the discovery of fundamental biological processes. The high degree of conservation of cellular and molecular processes between the budding yeast and higher eukaryotes has made it a valuable system for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind various types of devastating human pathologies. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1948:23-33

Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

The measurement of synaptic vesicle recycling in live neurons transfected with vesicular glutamate transporter fused to pHluorin (vGLUT-pHluorin) allows us to study exocytosis and endocytosis in neurons. When neurons are transfected with this protein we can measure the rate of vesicles fusing and internalizing from the membrane using live total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging. Here, we describe transfection, culturing, and imaging of wild-type and αβγ-synuclein knockout hippocampal neurons. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1948:1-14

Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by intracellular inclusions composed mostly of α-synuclein (Baba et al., Am J Pathol 152:879-884, 1998). How inclusion formation impacts neuronal function prior to death is key to understanding disease progression and identifying therapeutic windows. Read More

Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Cardiology, Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital, 3-1-1 Okusu, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8555, Japan.

Cutting balloons (CBs) and other scoring balloons are known to be useful for plaque modification in heavily calcified lesions. There have been some reports of the efficacy of these balloons compared to conventional balloons. However, there have been no reports exploring which balloon is most effective among these three types of balloons. Read More

J Nucl Cardiol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm 1148, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.

EJNMMI Res 2019 Feb 15;9(1):16. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.

Background: Bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with single- or multiple-lineage cytopenia and failure of normal hematopoiesis. We assessed the feasibility of integrated PET/MRI with 3'-deoxy-3'-F-fluorothymidine (F-FLT) to assess the pathophysiology of whole-body bone marrow for the diagnosis and monitoring of BMFS. Twenty-five consecutive patients with BMFS underwent a pre-treatment F-FLT PET/MRI scan. Read More

Intensive Care Med Exp 2019 Feb 15;7(1):11. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Background: The provision of guidance in ventilator therapy by continuous monitoring of regional lung ventilation, aeration and respiratory system mechanics is the main clinical benefit of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). A new application was recently described in critically ill patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with the intention of using EIT to identify the region where sampling was performed. Increased electrical bioimpedance was reported after fluid instillation. Read More

Eur Radiol Exp 2019 Feb 15;3(1). Epub 2019 Feb 15.

University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Background: Current developments showed a fast-increasing implementation and use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in medical applications. Our aim was to review the literature regarding the application of 3D printing to cardiac valve disease.

Methods: A PubMed search for publications in English with the terms "3D printing" AND "cardiac valve", performed in January 2018, resulted in 64 items. Read More

Dysphagia 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.

Motor imagery of movements is used as mental strategy in neurofeedback applications to gain voluntary control over activity in motor areas of the brain. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we first addressed the question whether motor imagery and execution of swallowing activate comparable brain areas, which has been already proven for hand and foot movements. Prior near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies provide evidence that this is the case in the outer layer of the cortex. Read More

J Digit Imaging 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.

The paper below had been published originally without open access, but has been republished with open access. Read More

Exp Appl Acarol 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.

Rickettsia parkeri, a causative agent of spotted fever rickettsiosis, is transmitted by Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick), a tick that may also carry a non-pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia, "Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae". Here, we evaluated R. parkeri and "Candidatus R. Read More

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.

Data derived from several studies suggest a better survival in smokers with acute myocardial infarction, a phenomenon referred to as the 'smoker's paradox'. We aimed to investigate the association of smoking with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging determined infarct severity and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as the occurrence of death, reinfarction, and congestive heart failure at 12 months in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) reperfused by early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this multicenter, registry study 311 NSTEMI patients underwent CMR imaging 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2-4) days after PCI. Read More

MAGMA 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan St, 218 SEO (MC 063), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.

Objective: The goal of this work is to study the changes in white matter integrity in R6/2, a well-established animal model of Huntington's disease (HD) that are captured by ex vivo diffusion imaging (DTI) using a high field MRI (17.6 T).

Materials And Methods: DTI and continuous time random walk (CTRW) models were used to fit changes in the diffusion-weighted signal intensity in the corpus callosum of controls and in R6/2 mice. Read More

Insights Imaging 2019 Feb 15;10(1):20. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.

Muscle injuries of the hip and thigh are a highly relevant issue in competitive sports imaging. The gold standard in diagnostic imaging of muscle injuries is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiologists need to be familiar with typical MRI findings in order to accurately detect and classify muscle injuries. Read More

Insights Imaging 2019 Feb 15;10(1):21. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, P.O. Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

The complex anatomy of the carotid space within a small confined area is unique to the head and neck and allows for a vast array of pathology. This paper will review the anatomy of the carotid space from the skull base to the thorax, defining its borders at multiple levels, as well as its contents. The paper will also describe the myriad of mass lesions and vascular pathologies that may occur within the carotid space. Read More