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Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Background/aims: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum are reliable indicators for neuroaxonal damage in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigate NfL levels in serum and anterior chamber fluid of patients with glaucoma.

Methods: Patients scheduled for routine glaucoma or cataract surgery were recruited for this study. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

External Disease, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to correlate the various forms of on ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) with in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and findings from cultured positive cases of .

Methods: live, dead and empty cysts, and live trophozoites were prepared in vitro and inoculated into porcine cornea using a sterile 26-gauge needle and examined ex vivo using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II/Rostock Corneal Module. IVCM images from 12 cultured positive cases, obtained using the same instrument, were compared with EVCM findings. Read More

Adv Healthc Mater 2022 Jun 24:e2200837. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.

The emergence of powerful antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused by the abuse of antibiotics has become a public health problem. Photodynamic antibacterial therapy is regarded as an innovative and promising antibacterial approach due to its minor side effects and lack of drug resistance. Nevertheless, few photosensitizers have been reported to have near-infrared (NIR) emission, the ability to rapidly discriminate bacteria, and high photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. Read More

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Effective lung protective ventilation requires reliable, real-time estimation of lung volume at the bedside. Neonatal clinicians lack a readily available imaging tool for this purpose.

Objective: To determine the ability of lung ultrasound (LUS) of the dependent region to detect real-time changes in lung volume, identify opening and closing pressures of the lung, and detect pulmonary hysteresis. Read More

Air Med J 2022 Jul-Aug;41(4):402-405. Epub 2022 May 21.

Aerospace and Sub-Aquatic Medical Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

A 43-year-old male Bell 214C helicopter pilot presented to the emergency ward with flu-like syndrome. His nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction test was positive, and a chest computed tomographic scan confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. He was admitted, received treatment, was discharged, and returned to flying. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 24;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Troy, Michigan, USA.

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is defined as short DNA sequences shed by tumour cells into the systemic circulation. A promising use of ctDNA includes the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) and is currently being studied in multiple types of solid tumours. Literature for the use of individualised ctDNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not available, although circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA level is validated as a prognostic factor. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 24;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Rheumatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

A previously healthy man in his 20s presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome and subconjunctival haemorrhage. Imaging was indicative of pervasive pulmonary haemorrhage. There was no evidence of renal involvement. Read More

Lancet Digit Health 2022 Jul;4(7):e558-e565

Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Artificial intelligence (AI) could have the potential to accurately classify mammograms according to the presence or absence of radiological signs of breast cancer, replacing or supplementing human readers (radiologists). The UK National Screening Committee's assessments of the use of AI systems to examine screening mammograms continues to focus on maximising benefits and minimising harms to women screened, when deciding whether to recommend the implementation of AI into the Breast Screening Programme in the UK. Maintaining or improving programme specificity is important to minimise anxiety from false positive results. Read More

Lancet Digit Health 2022 Jul;4(7):e507-e519

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University-Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.

Background: We propose a decision-referral approach for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the breast-cancer screening pathway, whereby the algorithm makes predictions on the basis of its quantification of uncertainty. Algorithmic assessments with high certainty are done automatically, whereas assessments with lower certainty are referred to the radiologist. This two-part AI system can triage normal mammography exams and provide post-hoc cancer detection to maintain a high degree of sensitivity. Read More

Int Rev Neurobiol 2022 21;163:317-334. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornel Medical School, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address:

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most prevalent inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter. Activating GABA-A receptors hyperpolarizes cells via Cl influx, which inhibits action potentials. Although the exact pathophysiologies of tremor are incompletely understood, proposed neuroanatomy extensively implicates GABA pathways. Read More

Int Rev Neurobiol 2022 21;163:259-284. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address:

Dysfunction in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission has emerged as a prime suspect for the underlying neurochemical dysfunction in essential tremor (ET). This dysfunction has been termed the GABA hypothesis. We review findings to date supporting the 4 steps in this hypothesis in studies of cerebrospinal fluid, pathology, genetics, animal models, imaging, computational models, and human drugs, while not overlooking the evidence of negative studies and controversies. Read More

Heart 2022 Jun 24;108(14):1120-1160. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India

Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the confounding effect of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), specifically drusen and outer retinal atrophy, on the architecture and automated segmentation of the inner retinal layers as measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Subjects: 265 consecutive eyes with non-exudative AMD were identified through retrospective chart review. Read More

Am J Perinatol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a scoring system-called Sepsis-Associated Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy (SAAP) Score-to identify individuals with maternal infection that have composite maternal adverse outcomes (CMAO).

Study Design: Using ICD codes, we identified pregnant and postpartum (up to 6 weeks after birth) individuals admitted at our center with a primary diagnosis of infection. The primary outcome was CMAO, which included any of the following: maternal intensive care unit admission, surgical intervention, vasopressor use, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, mechanical ventilation, high flow nasal cannula, disseminated intravascular coagulation, dialysis, organ failure, venous thromboembolism, or maternal death. Read More

Prog Neurobiol 2022 Jun 22:102311. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory & Center for Translational Neuromodulation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

The human brain is arguably one of the most complex systems in nature. To understand how it operates, it is essential to understand the link between neural activity and behavior. Experimental investigation of that link requires tools to interact with neural activity during behavior. Read More

Int J Pharm 2022 Jun 21:121931. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China. Electronic address:

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer poses a great threat to chemotherapy. The expression and function of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter are the major cause of MDR. Herein, a linear polyethylene glycol (PEI) conjugated with dicyandiamide, which called polymeric metformin (PolyMet), was successfully synthesized as a simple and biocompatible polymer of metformin. Read More

Neuroscience 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of synchrotron radiation-based phase contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography (SR-PhC-μCT) for imaging of human meniscus. Quantitative parameters related to fiber orientation and crimping were evaluated as potential markers of tissue degeneration.

Design: Human meniscus specimens from 10 deceased donors were prepared using different preparation schemes: fresh frozen and thawed before imaging or fixed and paraffin-embedded. Read More

Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address:

Objectives: Although subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and synovitis have been well acknowledged as important sources of pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), it is unclear if synovitis plays the mediating role in the relationship between BMLs and knee pain.

Methods: We analyzed 600 subjects with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the Foundation for National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium (FNIH) cohort at baseline and 24-month. BMLs and synovitis were measured according to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) scoring system. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address:

Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease with increased risk of atherosclerotic events and premature cardiovascular disease. S100A7, A8/A9, and A12 are protein complexes that are produced by activated neutrophils, monocytes, and keratinocytes in psoriasis. Lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) is a high-risk coronary plaque feature previously found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors and psoriasis severity. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Neurology, ChongQing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To observe the effectiveness and safety of multi-mode mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: The data from patients with acute intracranial artery occlusion treated with multi-mode mechanical thrombectomy between January 2018 and December 2019 were collected, and the clinical features, imaging data, treatment, and clinical follow-up results 90 days after the operation were analyzed. Postoperative recanalization and the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were used as clinically effective endpoints. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Nanjing Comprehensive Stroke Center, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China. Electronic address:

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic features and independent predictors of neoangiogenesis after revascularization in MMD by pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (pCASL MRI).

Methods: 39 MMD patients were categorized into infarction group, hemorrhagic group and atypical group. All patients underwent combined bypass surgery and pCASL imaging with post-labeling delays (PLD) of 1525ms and 2525ms. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Neurosurgery,Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine,Sapporo,Japan.

Objective: Cerebral angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing moyamoya disease (MMD), whereas magnetic resonance (MR) imaging/angiography is becoming more popular in the field of cerebrovascular disease due to its low invasiveness. Although there are concerns about using only MR imaging/angiography for preoperative analysis of MMD, considering the underestimation of pre-existing transdural collateral circulations and dangerous collaterals related to the risk of hemorrhage, we retrospectively reviewed our 10-year experience of MRI-first diagnosis and analyzed the perioperative outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed 160 consecutive direct/indirect combined revascularization procedures for MMD preoperatively assessed using MR imaging/angiography alone. Read More

Neuroscience 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Central Nervous System Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397 Biberach Riß, Germany.

Disturbance in synaptic excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) transmission in the prefrontal cortex is considered a critical factor for cognitive dysfunction, a core symptom in schizophrenia. However, the cortical network pathophysiology induced by E/I imbalance is not well characterized, and an effective therapeutic strategy is lacking. In this study, we simulated imbalanced cortical network by using mice with parvalbumin neuron (PV) specific knockout of GluA1 (AMPA receptor subunit 1) (Gria1-PV KO) as an experimental model. Read More

Arch Biochem Biophys 2022 Jun 22;727:109330. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address:

Calcium is one of the most vital intracellular secondary messengers that tightly regulates a variety of cell physiology processes, especially in the brain. Using a fluorescent Ca-sensitive Oregon Green probe, we revealed three different amplitude distributions of spontaneous Ca events (SCEs) in neurons between 15 and 26 days in vitro (DIV) culture maturation. We detected a series of amplitude events: micro amplitude SCE (microSCE) 25% increase from the baseline, intermediate amplitude SCE (interSCE) as 25-75%, and macro amplitude SCE (macroSCE) - over 75%. Read More

J Affect Disord 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China; Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China; Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Electronic address:

Background: Wide application of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in psychiatric research has revealed that major depressive disorder (MDD) manifest abnormal neural activities in several brain regions involving key resting state networks. However, inconsistent results have hampered our understanding of the exact neuropathology associated with MDD. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis to identify the consistent vulnerable brain regions of MDD in resting state, and to reveal the potential pathogenesis of MDD. Read More

Cereb Cortex 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

The period immediately after birth is a critical developmental window, capturing rapid maturation of brain structure and a child's earliest experiences. Large-scale brain systems are present at delivery, but how these brain systems mature during this narrow window (i.e. Read More

Stem Cell Reports 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. Electronic address:

Conjunctival epithelial cells, which express viral-entry receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), constitute the largest exposed epithelium of the ocular surface tissue and may represent a relevant viral-entry route. To address this question, we generated an organotypic air-liquid-interface model of conjunctival epithelium, composed of basal, suprabasal, and superficial epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, which could be maintained successfully up to day 75 of differentiation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), with complementary imaging and virological assays, we observed that while all conjunctival cell types were permissive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome expression, a productive infection did not ensue. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Jun 18;219:107344. Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Grupo de Investigación Actividad Física y Calidad de Vida (AFYCAV), Caceres, 10003, Spain; International Institute for Innovation in Aging, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.

Introduction: Previous studies have associated brain abnormalities in people with fibromyalgia with accelerated brain ageing. The prefrontal cortex is located in the anterior pole of the mammalian brain. It is defined as the part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Read More

Comput Biol Med 2022 Jun 2;147:105686. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Center for Computational Imaging, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Palakkad, India.

Typically, an ultrasound flow imaging system employs the conventional delay and sum (DAS) beamformer due to its inherent low complexity. But the conventional DAS technique offers poor contrast, low imaging resolution, and limited spatiotemporal sensitivity. This article attempts to improve the spatiotemporal sensitivity of the conventional flow imaging with a novel multiply and sum based nonlinear high-resolution (NLHR) beamforming approach. Read More