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Radiol Case Rep 2023 Nov 19;18(11):4218-4221. Epub 2023 Sep 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.

Unilateral subcortical calcifications are unique radiographic findings indicating specific focal pathologies. When the lesion is accompanied by edema, cerebral neoplasm usually leads to a differential diagnosis. This report presents a case of unilateral subcortical calcification and edema that resulted in cerebral hemorrhage and a subsequent diagnosis of an aggressive dural arteriovenous fistula. Read More

NPJ Precis Oncol 2023 Sep 16;7(1):94. Epub 2023 Sep 16.

Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Accurate identification of molecular alterations in gliomas is crucial for their diagnosis and treatment. Although, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows for the observation of diverse and heterogeneous alterations, it is inherently time-consuming and challenging due to the limitations of the molecular method. Here, we report the development of 1p/19qNET, an advanced deep-learning network designed to predict fold change values of 1p and 19q chromosomes and classify isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas from whole-slide images. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2023 Aug 23:10406387231195291. Epub 2023 Aug 23.

Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Distinct patterns of local infiltration are a common feature of canine oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma, and typically involve the surrounding neuroparenchyma, ventricles, or leptomeninges. Infiltration of adjacent extraneural sites is rare and has not been well documented in veterinary medicine. Here we describe 6 canine gliomas with cribriform plate involvement (compression or infiltration) and caudal nasal invasion confirmed by neuroimaging, autopsy, and/or histology. Read More

Eur Radiol 2023 Aug 23. Epub 2023 Aug 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.

Objectives: Extent of resection (EOR) of contrast-enhancing (CE) and non-enhancing (NE) tumors may have different impacts on survival according to types of adult-type diffuse gliomas in the molecular era. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of EOR of CE and NE tumors in glioma according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1193 adult-type diffuse glioma patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2021 (183 oligodendroglioma, 211 isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH]-mutant astrocytoma, and 799 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients) from a single institution. Read More

Neurooncol Adv 2023 21;5(1):vdad092. Epub 2023 Jul 21.

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Background: Telomere maintenance by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is essential for immortality in most cancers, including oligodendrogliomas. Agents that disrupt telomere maintenance such as the telomere uncapping agent 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG) are in clinical trials. We previously showed that TERT expression in oligodendrogliomas is associated with upregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Read More

Vet Pathol 2023 Aug 14:3009858231193104. Epub 2023 Aug 14.

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

Leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LG) is characterized by extensive dissemination of neoplastic glial cells in the subarachnoid space either without an intraparenchymal glioma (primary LG or PLG) or secondary to an intraparenchymal glioma (secondary LG or SLG). Given the low frequency of LG in human and veterinary medicine, specific diagnostic criteria are lacking. Here, we describe 14 cases of canine LG that were retrospectively identified from 6 academic institutions. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2023 Aug 8. Epub 2023 Aug 8.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University.

An 11-year-old spayed female French bulldog was referred on suspicion of nasal tumor. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma in the olfactory bulb that was suspected to have invaded the nasal cavity was diagnosed from imaging and histopathology. Metastasis to cervical lymph nodes was suspected, with no other metastases identified. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2023 Oct 22;18(10):3448-3452. Epub 2023 Jul 22.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan.

Perilesional T1 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intra-axial brain masses is an unusual feature of the perilesional area, characteristic of cavernous malformations (CMs) and metastatic brain tumors (METs). Here, we report a case of primary diffuse glioma with a perilesional T1 hyperintense area (HIA) on MRI. A 61-year-old woman with transient aphasia visited our hospital. Read More

Korean J Radiol 2023 Aug;24(8):772-783

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Objective: Imaging-based survival stratification of patients with gliomas is important for their management, and the 2021 WHO classification system must be clinically tested. The aim of this study was to compare integrative imaging- and pathology-based methods for survival stratification of patients with diffuse glioma.

Materials And Methods: This study included diffuse glioma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (training set: 141 patients) and Asan Medical Center (validation set: 131 patients). Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023 Sep 24;165(9):2461-2471. Epub 2023 Jul 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.

Purpose: Maximal safe tumor resection is the first line of treatment for IDH-mutated gliomas. However, when upfront surgical resection is deemed unsatisfactory due to tumor size and location, chemotherapy could represent an interesting alternative for reducing glioma extension and allowing for a safer and more efficient removal.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study (June 2011 to December 2021) on patients with IDH-mutated gliomas undergoing chemotherapy with a neoadjuvant intent, followed by surgical excision in awake conditions. Read More

J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023 4;11(2):115-117. Epub 2022 Aug 4.

Department of Radiology, St. John's Hospital, Kattappana, Kerala, India.

Multifocal tumors are usually reported within the same cerebral hemisphere due to widespread dissemination along the white matter tracts. This case report describes the magnetic resonance imaging appearances of multifocal anaplastic oligodendroglioma in a 28-year-old adult male that showed three discrete heterogeneously enhancing cortical-based lesions in the left frontoparietal lobes. Left frontal craniotomy was performed and biopsy of the lesion was obtained, histopathology of which showed features of anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Read More

Cureus 2023 Jun 2;15(6):e39876. Epub 2023 Jun 2.

Neurology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated plexopathy mainly occurs in patients over 60 years old. Postherpetic neuralgia is a well-known complication of herpes zoster (HZ); however, segmental zoster paresis secondary to HZ was reported in 1-20% of cases in the literature. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings may be positive in up to 70% of the patients. Read More

Neuroradiology 2023 Sep 27;65(9):1415-1418. Epub 2023 Jun 27.

Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.

This study aimed to investigate whether arterial spin labeling (ASL) features allow differentiation of oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (IDHm-codel) from diffuse glioma with IDH-wildtype (IDHw) or astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (IDHm-noncodel). Participants comprised 71 adult patients with pathologically confirmed diffuse glioma, classified as IDHw, IDHm-noncodel, or IDHm-codel. Subtraction images were generated from paired-control/label images on ASL and used to assess the presence of a cortical high-flow sign. Read More

Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol 2023 ;11(2):168-170

Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

[Ga] Ga-labeled C-X-C motif receptor4 as a novel radio-ligand using PET/CT has been investigated for tracing various kinds of solid and hematopoietic malignancies in recent years. High-grade Glioma (WHO classification 2016 grade III and IV) shows elevated levels of CXCR4 ligand expression in the affected tumoral cells. Healthy and non-affected organ cells express low-level CXCR4 ligands density. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2023 ;33(5):847-854

Private Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: To define whether characteristics of fluorescein staining help to distinguish low grade gliomas intraoperatively.

Material And Methods: We studied 46 patients with supratentorial newly diagnosed noncontrast-enhancing LGGs removed by fluorescence guidance under the YELLOW 560 nm filter. Patients who were treated between July 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Vet Comp Oncol 2023 Sep 30;21(3):492-502. Epub 2023 May 30.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

High-grade glioma is an aggressive cancer that occurs naturally in pet dogs. Canine high-grade glioma (cHGG) is treated with radiation, chemotherapy or surgery, but has no curative treatment. Within the past eight years, there have been advances in our imaging and histopathology standards as well as genetic charactereization of cHGG. Read More

Anticancer Res 2023 Jun;43(6):2659-2670

Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, Frosinone, Italy.

Background/aim: In the latest 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumours (CNS), gliomas that present isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are defined as diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs). IDH mutations are commonly observed in this tumour type. The Extent of Resection (EOR) positively influence survival; however, it is still debated whether the predictive value of EOR is independent of the 1p/19q co-deletion. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2023 29;37(4):1447-1454. Epub 2023 May 29.

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

Background: In humans, the T2-weighted (T2W)-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign (T2FMM) is a specific imaging biomarker for the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)-mutated, 1p/19q non-codeleted low-grade astrocytomas (LGA). The T2FMM is characterized by a homogeneous hyperintense T2W signal and a hypointense signal with a hyperintense peripheral rim on FLAIR sequences. In gliomas in dogs, the T2FMM has not been described. Read More

Jpn J Radiol 2023 May 23. Epub 2023 May 23.

Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the uptake characteristics of F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO), in mutant-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-mutant, grade 3 and 4) and wild-type IDH (IDH-wildtype, grade 4) 2021 WHO classification adult-type diffuse gliomas.

Materials And Methods: Patients with grade 3 and 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas (n = 35) were included in this prospective study. After registering F-FMISO PET and MR images, standardized uptake value (SUV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were evaluated in hyperintense areas on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging (HIA), and in contrast-enhanced tumors (CET) by manually placing 3D volumes of interest. Read More

Neurooncol Adv 2023 19;5(1):vdad045. Epub 2023 Apr 19.

Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Background: Radiogenomic studies of adult-type diffuse gliomas have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to infer tumor attributes, including abnormalities such as IDH-mutation status and 1p19q deletion. This approach is effective but does not generalize to tumor types that lack highly recurrent alterations. Tumors have intrinsic DNA methylation patterns and can be grouped into stable methylation classes even when lacking recurrent mutations or copy number changes. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2023 Sep 31;30(9):2879-2883. Epub 2023 May 31.

Neuro-Oncology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France.

Background: Pseudoprogression in gliomas has been extensively described after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, but not after chemotherapy alone. Here we describe the occurrence of pseudoprogression in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with postoperative procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy alone.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiological files of patients with 1p/19q codeleted, IDH-mutant anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with PCV chemotherapy alone who presented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modifications suggestive of tumour progression and in whom the final diagnosis was a pseudoprogression. Read More

Acta Oncol 2023 Apr 18;62(4):391-399. Epub 2023 May 18.

Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Introduction: Proton radiation therapy (PT) has become a treatment option alongside photon therapy (XRT) for lower-grade gliomas (LGG). In this single-institution retrospective study, we investigate the patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, including pseudo-progression (PsP), for LGG patients selected for PT.

Method: Adult patients with grade 2-3 glioma consecutively treated with radiotherapy (RT) from May 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively included in this cohort study. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2023 Apr 18;15(8). Epub 2023 Apr 18.

Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.

Background: The fifth version of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in 2021 brought substantial changes. Driven by the enhanced implementation of molecular characterization, some diagnoses were adapted while others were newly introduced. How these changes are reflected in imaging features remains scarcely investigated. Read More

Brain Pathol 2023 Jul 25;33(4):e13160. Epub 2023 Apr 25.

Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.

The pathological diagnosis of intracranial germinoma (IG), oligodendroglioma, and low-grade astrocytoma on intraoperative frozen section (IFS) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-staining section directly determines patients' treatment options, but it is a difficult task for pathologists. We aimed to investigate whether whole-slide imaging (WSI)-based deep learning can contribute new precision to the diagnosis of IG, oligodendroglioma, and low-grade astrocytoma. Two types of WSIs (500 IFSs and 832 HE-staining sections) were collected from 379 patients at multiple medical centers. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2023 Jun 20;18(6):2303-2306. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, and Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38, Pasteur, Kec. Sukajadi, Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40161, Indonesia.

Primary spinal cord oligodendroglioma is a rare tumor that originates from oligodendrocytes. Oligodendroglioma itself is commonly found in the cerebral hemisphere and spinal oligodendroglioma is an unusual presentation of this disease. Here, we present a case of a 48-year-old patient with low back pain, weakness of the lower extremities, and numbness. Read More

Neurooncol Adv 2023 11;5(1):vdad036. Epub 2023 Apr 11.

Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Background: Lower-grade mutant glioma patients frequently undergo malignant transformation (MT), with apparent worse prognosis. Many studies examine MT in mixed status cohorts and define MT using imaging, not histopathology. Our study examines the timing, predictors, and prognostic implications of pathologically determined MT in a large, exclusively mutant cohort. Read More

Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023 Jul 3;64(4):724-732. Epub 2023 May 3.

Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Conventional MRI features of canine gliomas subtypes and grades significantly overlap. Texture analysis (TA) quantifies image texture based on spatial arrangement of pixel intensities. Machine learning (ML) models based on MRI-TA demonstrate high accuracy in predicting brain tumor types and grades in human medicine. Read More

Neuroradiology 2023 Jul 2;65(7):1127-1131. Epub 2023 May 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Introduction: MR-tractography is increasingly used in neurosurgical practice to evaluate the anatomical relationships between glioma and nearby subcortical tracts. In some patients, the subcortical tracts seem displaced by the glioma, while in other patients, the subcortical tracts seem infiltrated without displacement. At this point, it is unknown whether these different patterns are related to tumor type. Read More

Neuroradiol J 2023 Apr 27:19714009231173107. Epub 2023 Apr 27.

Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Advancements in the molecular profiling of diffuse gliomas in recent years have led to a far better understanding of their biology and clinical outcomes. The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, published in 2021, incorporates this genomic information to a much greater degree than prior editions. Read More

Eur Radiol 2023 Oct 25;33(10):6636-6647. Epub 2023 Apr 25.

Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Objectives: To comprehensively evaluate the glioma using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Materials And Methods: Forty-two patients (18 women; mean age, 45 years) with pathologically confirmed gliomas were retrospectively included. All the patients underwent conventional and advanced MRI examinations (QSM, DWI, MRS, etc. Read More