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Epilepsy Res 2021 Jun 4;175:106680. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in children is considered different from that in adults. As such, characterizing the structural lesions present in pediatric patients with TLE and their association with long-term seizure control is important. Here, we aimed to assess the concordance between preoperative imaging and postoperative histopathological diagnoses and their associations with seizure outcomes in pediatric patients with TLE undergoing temporal lobe surgery. Read More

Epilepsia 2021 May 6. Epub 2021 May 6.

Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Objective: Growing evidence suggests that dysfunctional astrocytes are crucial players in the development of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Using a mouse model closely recapitulating key alterations of chronic human MTLE with hippocampal sclerosis, here we asked whether death of astrocytes contributes to the initiation of the disease and investigated potential underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Antibody staining was combined with confocal imaging and semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis to identify markers of different cellular death mechanisms between 4 h and 3 days after epilepsy induction. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021 May;11(5):1782-1795

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in hippocampal sclerosis (HS) could be subtle in a significant proportion of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients. In this study, we aimed to document the structural and functional changes in the hippocampus and amygdala seen in HS patients.

Methods: Quantitative features of the hippocampus and amygdala were extracted from structural MRI data in 66 mTLE patients and 28 controls. Read More

Seizure 2021 May 18;88:130-137. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Radiological Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Purpose: To assess the association between hypometabolic extension of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and diffusion tensor imaging indices, including mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), in hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

Methods: Thirty-six unilateral HS were retrospectively selected and stratified into two groups: broad and localized hypometabolic groups (hypometabolism beyond [n = 26] and within the temporal lobe [n = 10]). Forty-one pairs of gray matter (GM) regions of interest (ROIs) were segmented using FreeSurfer software. Read More

Radiol Bras 2021 Mar-Apr;54(2):115-122

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.

The temporal lobes are vulnerable to several diseases, including infectious, immune-mediated, degenerative, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic processes. Therefore, lesions in the temporal lobes can pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. The temporal lobes are connected by structures such as the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and hippocampal commissure. Read More

Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021 05 19;311:111281. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Pedro de Toledo Street, 650, 1st floor. Postal number: 04039-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil.

Depression is the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS). This study aimed to confirm whether patients with comorbid depression have different volumetric patterns on magnetic resonance imaging, analysing the influence of HS sides. Psychiatrists conducted semi-structured interviews with 75 patients, who were divided into non-depression group (NDG, n = 52) and depression group (DG, n = 23), and compared with 98 controls. Read More

Epilepsia 2021 May 5;62(5):1244-1255. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble 38000, France.

Objective: Improving the identification of the epileptogenic zone and associated seizure-spreading regions represents a significant challenge. Innovative brain-imaging modalities tracking neurovascular dynamics during seizures may provide new disease biomarkers.

Methods: With use of a multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis at 9. Read More

Seizure 2021 Apr 12;87:94-102. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Neurology, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Germany.

Objective: The present study validates the results of automated hippocampal subfield segmentation with histopathology in epilepsy patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.

Methods: We performed an automated hippocampal subfield segmentation on presurgical three-dimensional, T1-weighted magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echoes Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of 25 patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS), using Freesurfer Version 6.0. Read More

Epilepsia 2021 May 13;62(5):1085-1091. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Objective: This study was undertaken to identify clinical factors associated with seizure freedom after magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLiTT) in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Methods: We identified 56 patients with magnetic resonance imaging-defined MTS who underwent MRgLiTT with at least 1 year of follow-up. Primary outcome was seizure freedom at 1 year. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Feb;9(4):297

Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Conflicts in regarding the lateralization of the seizure onset for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) are frequently encountered during presurgical evaluation. As a more elaborate, quantified protocol, indices of diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) might be sensitive to evaluate the seizure involvement. However, the accuracy was less revealed. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020 Nov-Dec;23(6):811-813. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition with varied etiological causes, with temporal lobe epilepsy being the most common. Among the varied etiologies of temporal lobe epilepsy, mesial temporal sclerosis is an important one and it presents as intractable epilepsy. However, we describe here a case of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy with a rather rare etiology, calcifying pseudo neoplasm of neuraxis (CAPNON) syndrome. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021 Mar 3. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Haemato-Oncology Child Neuropsychiatry Unit Neuroradiology Unit, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Haematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli" Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Objectives: Drug resistant epilepsy has rarely been reported following posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), with few cases of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). The aim of this study was to report clinical and neuroimaging features of MTS subsequent to PRES in haemato-oncological/stem cell transplanted children.

Materials And Methods: Among 70 children treated in 2 pediatric haemato-oncological Italian centers between 1994 and 2018 and presenting an episode of PRES, we retrospectively identified and analyzed a subgroup of patients who developed epilepsy and MTS. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2021 May 18;172:106590. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) has been considered a network disorder disease in which brain regions extending beyond the epileptogenic zones are always affected. However, abnormalities in white matter (WM) functional networks and their associations with widespread network dysfunction are still being identified in mTLE. Accordingly, we investigated the altered functional activities in WM networks in mTLE using fMRI, which has recently been used to probe WM function. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Feb 25;11(1):4686. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), the correlation between disease duration, seizure laterality, and rostro-caudal location of hippocampal sclerosis has not been examined in the context of seizure severity and global cortical thinning. In this retrospective study, we analyzed structural 3 T MRI from 35 mTLE subjects. Regions of FLAIR hyperintensity (as an indicator of sclerosis)-based on 2D coronal FLAIR sequences-in the hippocampus were manually segmented, independently and in duplicate; degree of segmentation agreement was confirmed using the DICE index. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2021 Mar 18;171:106562. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). While MTS is associated with a high cure rate after temporal lobectomy (TL), postoperative neurocognitive deficits are common, and a subset of patients may continue to have refractory seizures.

Objective: To use magnetic resonance (MR) volumetry to identify features of the mesial temporal lobe in patients with MTS that correlate with seizure and neurocognitive outcome after temporal lobectomy. Read More

Epilepsia 2021 02 15;62(2):439-449. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Objective: This study's objective was to compare the transinsular (TI-AH), transuncus (TU-AH), and temporopolar (TP-AH) amygdalohippocampectomy approaches regarding seizure control, temporal stem (TS) damage, and neurocognitive decline.

Methods: We included 114 consecutive patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) who underwent TI-AH, TU-AH, or TP-AH between 2002 and 2017. We evaluated seizure control using Engel classification. Read More

Brain Imaging Behav 2021 Jan 7. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is classically considered a 'pure' upper motor neuron disorder. Motor cortex atrophy and pyramidal tract degeneration are thought to be pathognomonic of PLS, but extra-motor cerebral changes are poorly characterized. In a prospective neuroimaging study, forty PLS patients were systematically evaluated with a standardised imaging, genetic and clinical protocol. Read More

Brain Connect 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a common intractable epilepsy. To seek neural correlates of seizure recurrence, this study investigated aberrant intrinsic effective connectivity (iEC) in TLE with unilateral MTS and their associations with seizure frequency. Thirty patients with unilateral MTS (left/right MTS = 14/16) and 37 age-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) on a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Read More

Neuroimage 2021 03 30;228:117705. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Graduate Program in BioEngineering UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.

The relationship between anatomic and resting state functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks is a major focus of current research. In previous work, we introduced a model based on eigen decomposition of the Laplacian which predicts the functional network from the structural network in healthy brains. In this work, we apply the eigen decomposition model to two types of epilepsy; temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis, and MRI-normal temporal lobe epilepsy. Read More

J Neuroimaging 2021 01 13;31(1):20-34. Epub 2020 Dec 13.

Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Epilepsy is among one of the most common neurologic disorders. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and management of patients with epilepsy is well established, and most patients with epilepsy are likely to undergo at least one or more MRI examinations in the course of their disease. Recent advances in high-field MRI have enabled high resolution in vivo visualization of small and intricate anatomic structures that are of great importance in the assessment of seizure disorders. Read More

Epilepsy Behav Rep 2020 17;14:100407. Epub 2020 Nov 17.

Department of Neuroscience, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, a well-characterized epilepsy syndrome, is most commonly accompanied by the pathological feature of hippocampal sclerosis. Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) typically present in childhood to early adolescence. We describe a cohort of patients who presented with their first epileptic seizure in late adulthood with atypical features. Read More

Epilepsia 2021 01 30;62(1):190-197. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

São Paulo Epilepsy Clinic, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: We present the findings related to seizure outcome during hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip-DBS) in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods: Twenty-five patients submitted to Hip-DBS were studied. All patients were evaluated with interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and high-resolution 1. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2021 01 27;114(Pt A):107517. Epub 2020 Nov 27.

The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Purpose: Although surgical treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) has proven efficacy, surgical referrals are often delayed. Knowledge of the abnormalities of mesolimbic structures beyond the hippocampus may be important for patients with MTLE because of its usefulness in the understanding of progressive disabilities in affected structures. This study aimed to identify volume and shape changes of mesolimbic structures in surgically treated patients with unilateral MTLE and their correlation with various clinical parameters. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2021 01 26;114(Pt A):107619. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore 560029, India. Electronic address:

Purpose: To assess the role of P300 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) using magnetoencephalography (MEG) based auditory and visual oddball tasks, and to assess its correlation with neuropsychological tests.

Methods: Thirty-patients (M:F-17:13, onset-11.77 ± 8. Read More

Neuroimage 2021 02 13;226:117563. Epub 2020 Nov 13.

Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address:

The hippocampus plays a key role for episodic memory. In addition, a small but growing number of studies has shown that it also contributes to the resolution of response conflicts. It is less clear how these two functions are related, and how they are affected by hippocampal lesions in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Read More

Curr Med Imaging 2020 ;16(9):1095-1104

School of Medicine, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Objective: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is the most common intractable seizure type of pediatric epilepsy, with alterations in the cortex across the whole brain. The aim of this study is to investigate the abnormalities of cortical thickness in pediatric MTLE-HS.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from Shenzhen Children's Hospital between September 2015 and December 2016. Read More

Neuropathology 2021 Feb 22;41(1):42-48. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Department of Neuropathology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan.

End folium sclerosis or hippocampal sclerosis (HS) type 3 is often associated with another coexisting epileptogenic lesion (dual pathology); however, the pathogenesis of HS type 3 remains elusive. A 46-year-old man presented with medically intractable focal aware seizures and focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) with occasional focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) two years after surgical treatment with extensive cranial reconstruction for a brain abscess in the right temporal lobe associated with intracranial extension of ipsilateral cholesteatoma. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 49 revealed atrophy of the right cerebral hemisphere including the hippocampus and amygdala. Read More

Seizure 2020 Dec 7;83:13-16. Epub 2020 Oct 7.

Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: Nasal pain, as an epileptic aura, has been poorly recognized. This study aims to demonstrate clinical features of patients with epilepsy who have nasal pain as an aura.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated consecutive patients who visited the epilepsy clinic of tertiary hospital from April 2000 to September 2019. Read More

Neurol Sci 2021 Jun 12;42(6):2353-2361. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 12 Mid Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China.

Objective: Exploring the role of amygdala enlargement (AE) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without ipsilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) using comprehensive presurgical workup tools including traditional tools, automatically volumetric analysis, high-density EEG (HD-EEG) source imaging (HD-ESI), and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG).

Methods: Nine patients diagnosed with TLE-AE who underwent resective surgeries encompassing the amygdala were retrospectively studied. HD-ESI was obtained using 256-channel HD-EEG on the individualized head model. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 11 25;198:106209. Epub 2020 Sep 25.

Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: Our study aims to compare demographics, clinical features and postsurgical outcomes between early and late-onset patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) related to mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Patients And Methods: Seventy-one patients admitting to the Epilepsy Clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine between 1995-2015, who were diagnosed with refractory TLE related to MTS, were included in our study. All of these patients were resistant to medical treatment, and thus candidates for, or underwent surgery, and had no pathology other than MTS in their cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Read More