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Childs Nerv Syst 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Pediatric Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Epilepsy is one of the possible neurological manifestations of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) that represents the most common neurocutaneous disorder. We performed a systematic review of the literature on epilepsy associated with NF1 since 1995 in order to better define prevalence and describe type and causes of seizures. Data on type, nature of studies, number of patients, gender, and inheritance of NF1 were recorded as well as data on causes, type, EEGs, brain imaging, intellectual disability (ID), surgical treatment, and outcome of epilepsy. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2020 Jun 26;111:107180. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Brno Epilepsy Center, First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate cerebral morphological changes in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) and their relationship to the cerebellum.

Methods: The study cohort included 21 patients with intractable TLE-HS (14 left-sided, 7 right-sided) and 38 healthy controls (HC). All patients later underwent anteromedial temporal lobe resection. Read More

J Biosci 2020 ;45

Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Persons with drug refractory TLE have the option of being managed by surgery. They may develop memory impairment with specific etiology of mesial temporal sclerosis and anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR). The study evaluated the semantic verbal memory outcomes in pre- and post-surgery temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients using functional MRI and voxel morphometric methods. Read More

J Neurosurg 2020 May 15:1-10. Epub 2020 May 15.

1Neuroimaging Laboratory (LNI), Department of Neurology.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified surgical approach for the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy secondary to hippocampal sclerosis (HS). This modified approach, called temporopolar amygdalohippocampectomy (TP-AH), includes a transsylvian resection of the temporal pole and subsequent amygdalohippocampectomy utilizing the limen insula as an anatomical landmark.

Methods: A total of 61 patients who were diagnosed with HS and underwent TP-AH between 2013 and 2017 were enrolled. Read More

Epilepsia 2020 Jun 4;61(6):1211-1220. Epub 2020 May 4.

San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.

Objective: To identify cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and test their reproducibility in a large, multi-site cohort of patients using both data-driven and clinically driven approaches.

Method: Four-hundred seven patients with TLE who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at one of four epilepsy centers were included. Scores on tests of verbal memory, naming, fluency, executive function, and psychomotor speed were converted into z-scores based on 151 healthy controls (HCs). Read More

Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020 05 25;7(5):667-676. Epub 2020 Apr 25.

Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.

Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) features in the alpha band have been shown to differ between people with epilepsy and healthy controls. Here, in a group of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), we seek to confirm these EEG features, and using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigate whether brain networks related to the alpha rhythm differ between patients and healthy controls. Additionally, we investigate whether alpha abnormalities are found as an inherited endophenotype in asymptomatic relatives. Read More

Epilepsia 2020 May 20;61(5):924-934. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.

Objective: To identify early structural alterations preceding the development of drug-resistance in mild mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mMTLE), a drug-responsive syndrome ideal for investigating epilepsy pathophysiology and potential prognostic markers of long-term clinical outcome, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and after 12-year follow-up.

Methods: Since 2002, a total of 55 participants with a baseline diagnosis of mMTLE underwent three-dimensional (3D) T1 1.5T MRI. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2020 04;48(4):E14

Departments of1Neurosurgery and.

Objective: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy in adolescents and adults, and in 65% of cases, it is related to hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Selective surgical approaches to the treatment of MTLE have as their main goal resection of the amygdala and hippocampus with minimal damage to the neocortex, temporal stem, and optic radiations (ORs). The object of this study was to evaluate late postoperative imaging findings on the temporal lobe from a structural point of view. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Mar 27. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Innovation in Neurosurgery of University Autonomous of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between cognitive performance and white matter integrity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to establish radiologic criteria to help with patient selection for surgery.

Methods: The study included 19 adults with temporal lobe epilepsy. A tractography analysis of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) of the following fascicles was performed: arcuate fascicle, cingulum, fornix, inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, inferior longitudinal fascicle, parahippocampal fibers of the cingulum, and uncinate fascicle. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jan 30;12(1):e6823. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.

Responsive nerve stimulation (RNS) represents a safe and effective treatment option for patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. In cases of long intraparenchymal course and posterior-anterior electrode direction through occipital burr holes, disciplined stereotaxy is essential for stimulation of the appropriate target. A 13-year-old female with a history of multifocal, independent, bitemporal-onset seizures since 12 months of age showing evidence of left-sided mesial temporal sclerosis on MRI, underwent placement of bilateral mesial temporal RNS leads. Read More

Neuroimage 2020 Jun 12;213:116723. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Electronic address:

Recent evidence suggests that the human hippocampus (HC) is not only involved in the processing of motivationally relevant approach-avoidance conflicts but is also engaged in the resolution of more general response conflicts as measured in the Stroop paradigm. Here we investigated whether neural activity in the HC is necessary for successful response conflict resolution. We compared hippocampal recruitment during an auditory Stroop paradigm in 20 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis and 20 age-matched healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Feb 18;10(1):2837. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Several automatic image segmentation methods and few atlas databases exist for analysing structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain images. The impact of choosing a combination has not hitherto been described but may bias comparisons across studies. We evaluated two segmentation methods (MAPER and FreeSurfer), using three publicly available atlas databases (Hammers_mith, Desikan-Killiany-Tourville, and MICCAI 2012 Grand Challenge). Read More

Epilepsia 2020 02 4;61(2):287-296. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York.

Objective: Vascular structures may play a significant role in epileptic pathology. Although previous attempts to characterize vasculature relative to epileptogenic zones and hippocampal sclerosis have been inconsistent, an in vivo method of analysis would assist in resolving these inconsistencies and facilitate a comparison against healthy controls in a human model. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that provides excellent soft tissue contrast, and the relatively recent development of susceptibility-weighted imaging has dramatically improved the visibility of small veins. Read More

Neurosurgery 2020 04;86(4):E366-E382

Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.

Background: For patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) may offer seizure freedom and benefits for quality of life. Yet, concerns remain regarding invasiveness, morbidity, and neurocognitive side effects. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has emerged as a less invasive option for stereotactic ablation rather than resection of the EZ. Read More

Data Brief 2020 Feb 19;28:104991. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.

A prospective, standardised neuroimaging protocol was implemented to characterise mesial temporal lobe pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls focusing on the evaluation of interconnected white and grey matter structures. "Hippocampal pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: selective vulnerability of subfields and their associated projections" [1]. High-resolution diffusion tensor and structural imaging data were acquired on a 3 T MRI platform using standardised sequence parameters. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2019 4;65:275-278. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

Department of Surgery, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (NCRHA), Trinidad and Tobago.

Introduction: We sought to highlight a case of refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy managed via an anterior temporal lobectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first of its kind to be performed and published in the English-speaking Caribbean.

Presentation Of Case: A 44-year-old female, known seizure disorder for 25 years was referred to the outpatient clinic. Read More

Neurol Sci 2020 Mar 12;41(3):555-559. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Objectives: We assessed the relationship between the clinical features of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and referrals for brain imaging tests. We also hypothesized that some clinical factors might be associated with structural brain imaging abnormalities in these patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with PNES, who were investigated at Shiraz Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Iran, from 2008 until 2019, were studied. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2019 12 6;101(Pt A):106582. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy. Electronic address:

Purpose: Unlike temporal lobe lesions, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has no definite effects on visuospatial functions. This retrospective study evaluated these functions in patients with TLE, aiming to clarify their relationships to TLE laterality and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected brain lesions.

Methods: The Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Attentive Matrices (AM), Trail Making Test A (TMTA), Street Completion Test (SCT), Rey Complex Figure Copying (RCFC) and Delayed Reproduction (RCFDR), and Corsi Blocks Span (CBS) and Supraspan Learning (CBSSL) were used to assess different visuospatial functions in 198 patients with TLE and 90 healthy subjects. Read More

F1000Res 2019 29;8. Epub 2019 Oct 29.

Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhügel, Vienna, Austria.

With a prevalence of 0.8 to 1.2%, epilepsy represents one of the most frequent chronic neurological disorders; 30 to 40% of patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (that is, seizures cannot be controlled adequately with antiepileptic drugs). Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Feb 2;134:e636-e641. Epub 2019 Nov 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe our series of a minimally invasive technique using a small scalp incision and keyhole craniotomy for the removal of mesial temporal lobe structures through a transcortical approach in patients with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Studies that directly compare the clinical outcomes between minimally invasive and conventional techniques are scarce, and this information is lacking in the literature.

Methods: The study enrolled 73 consecutive patients with refractory MTLE and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis; 30 patients were operated on with standard frontotemporal craniotomy between 2010 and 2013 and 43 patients were operated with a minimally invasive craniotomy (nummular craniotomy) between 2014 and 2016. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2019 Oct 24;49(5):1464-1470. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

Department of Radiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Health Application and Research Center, Medical Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey

Background/aim: A wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders have been shown to be closely related to changes in hippocampal volume (HV). It appears that hippocampal volumetry will be an indispensable part of clinical practice for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders in the near future. The aim of this study was to establish a normative data set for HV according to age and sex in the general population. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2019 Oct 20:106523. Epub 2019 Oct 20.

Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

The default mode network (DMN) consists of the deactivation of specific regions during the performance of cognitive tasks and activation during resting or mind wandering. Several pieces of evidence indicate the impairment of DMN in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). However, most of these studies combined different underlying etiologies, failing to disentangle the influence of seizures and presence and side of hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2019 12 23;84:178-188. Epub 2019 Sep 23.

Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France; Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address:

Although hippocampal involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been consistently highlighted by postmortem studies, memory impairment remains under-recognized and the involvement of specific hippocampal subfields and their connectivity patterns are poorly characterized in vivo. A prospective multimodal neuroimaging study has been undertaken with 50 well-characterized ALS patients, 18 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 40 healthy controls to evaluate their mesial temporal lobe profile. Patients with ALS and Alzheimer's disease have divergent hippocampal signatures. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2020 01 2;50(1):98-106. Epub 2019 Oct 2.

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8131, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Background: Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is an important cause of intractable epilepsy. Early and accurate diagnosis of MTS is essential to providing curative and life-changing therapy but can be challenging in children in whom the impact of diagnosis is particularly high. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of MTS, and image processing of MRI is a recently studied strategy to improve its accuracy. Read More

J Neurol 2019 Dec 23;266(12):3150-3159. Epub 2019 Sep 23.

LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Mont Paisible 16, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Temporal lobe epilepsy has been usually associated with progressive brain atrophy due to neuronal cell loss. However, recent animal models demonstrated a dual effect of epileptic seizures with initial enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis followed by abnormal astrocyte proliferation and neurogenesis depletion in the chronic stage. Our aim was to test for the hypothesized bidirectional pattern of epilepsy-associated brain remodeling in the context of the presence and absence of mesial temporal lobe sclerosis. Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2019 May-Aug;11(2):209-216. Epub 2019 Jul 15.

Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

We report a 65-year-old man who was diagnosed with focal status epilepticus generating a dreamy state, delusions with anxiety, complex audiovisual hallucinations, elementary auditory hallucinations, and metamorphopsia with a growing large lateral temporal lobe lesion. After administrating anti-seizure drugs, all the symptoms disappeared, and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed ipsilateral hippocampal sclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to present all the symptoms in one epilepsy case. Read More

Postgrad Med 2019 Sep 12;131(7):479-485. Epub 2019 Sep 12.

Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsies, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.

: To evaluate clinical, electrophysiological, and neuroradiological factors which correlate with the prognosis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). : This was a single-center prospective outcome study in patients with MTLE. The patients' family history, clinical characteristics, neurophysiological data (electroencephalography - EEG), neuroimaging, antiepileptic therapy, and outcome were collected and analyzed. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2019 11 13;157:106189. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: Type IIB focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. However, balloon cells located in the medial temporal lobe have been seldom reported. We aimed to discuss the clinical and pathological features of Type IIB FCD with balloon cells in the medial temporal lobe (MTLE-FCDIIB) and the differential diagnosis with other types of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Nov 16;69:120-123. Epub 2019 Aug 16.

IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Contrada Casazza, SS113, 98124 Messina, Italy.

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is considered an important activation test to facilitate the visualization of electroencephalogram (EEG) epileptic abnormalities, in order to perform a correct diagnosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the local functional activity in healthy controls (HC) subjects and left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy-hippocampal sclerosis patients, after a SD, by using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and EEG.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 22 healthy controls and 34 patients with a diagnosis of left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy-hippocampal sclerosis. Read More

Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 09 30;6(9):1639-1646. Epub 2019 Jul 30.

Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Objective: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a network disorder. We aimed to quantify the white matter alterations in the temporal lobe of MTLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) by using magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), a novel imaging technique, which allows simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters with a single acquisition.

Methods: We consecutively recruited 27 unilateral MTLE-HS patients and 22 healthy controls. Read More

Neurol India 2019 May-Jun;67(3):862-866

Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019 6;5:87. Epub 2019 Jul 6.

4Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW UK.

Background: People with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) report significant problems with learning and memory. There are no effective therapies for combatting these problems in people with TLE, resulting in an unmet therapeutic need. The lack of treatment is, in part, due to a poor understanding of the neurobiology underlying these memory deficits. Read More

Iran J Neurol 2019 Jan;18(1):13-18

Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

This study was designed to investigate the difference in the prevalence of neuronal autoantibodies in patients diagnosed with established temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) of unknown cause with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and patients with TLE without MTS. In an observational cohort study design, we included thirty-three consecutive adult patients and divided them into two groups with and without MTS. We evaluated anti-neuronal and nuclear antibodies with immunofluorescence (IF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Read More

Brain Imaging Behav 2019 Jun 27. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a common type of pediatric epilepsy. We sought to evaluate whether the combination of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and support vector machine (SVM), a machine learning method, was feasible for the classification of MTLE-HS. Three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI was acquired in 37 participants including 22 with MTLE-HS (16 left, 6 right) and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Read More

Ideggyogy Sz 2019 May;72(5-6):181-186

Department of Neurology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey.

Background And Purpose: Methylation is a key epigenetic modification of DNA and regarding its impact on epilepsy, it is argued that "DNA methylation may play an important role in seizure susceptibility and maintenance of the disorder". DNA methylation status of KCC2 (SCL12A5) and NKCC1 (SCL12A2) associated with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy was investigated in our study.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who were diagnosed by video EEG monitoring and 32 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 06 25;6:CD010541. Epub 2019 Jun 25.

Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK, M13 0JH.

Background: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review, published in 2015.Focal epilepsies are caused by a malfunction of nerve cells localised in one part of one cerebral hemisphere. In studies, estimates of the number of individuals with focal epilepsy who do not become seizure-free despite optimal drug therapy vary between at least 20% and up to 70%. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Jun 14:1-8. Epub 2019 Jun 14.

Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.

Objective: The authors tested the feasibility of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) seizure circuits. Up to one-third of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) suffer from medically refractory epilepsy requiring surgery. Because current options such as open resection, laser ablation, and Gamma Knife radiosurgery pose potential risks, such as infection, hemorrhage, and ionizing radiation, and because they often produce visual or neuropsychological deficits, the authors developed a noninvasive MRgFUS ablation strategy for mesial temporal disconnection to mitigate these risks. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2019 08 7;97:34-43. Epub 2019 Jun 7.

New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; St. George's University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Neuroscience, and Behavioral Sciences, West Indies, Grenada.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may be a distinct syndrome from TLE with mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS). Imaging and neuropsychological features of TLE-MTS are well-known; yet, these features are only beginning to be described in MRI-negative TLE. This study examined whether a quantitative measure of cortical gray and white matter blurring (GWB) was elevated in the temporal lobes ipsilateral to the seizure onset zone of individuals with MRI-negative TLE relative to TLE-MTS and healthy controls (HCs) and whether GWB elevations were associated with neuropsychological comorbidity. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2019 08 24;154:157-162. Epub 2019 May 24.

Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, United States. Electronic address:

Objective: We investigate whether a rapid and novel automated MRI processing technique for assessing hippocampal volumetric integrity (HVI) can be used to identify hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and determine its performance relative to hippocampal volumetry (HV) and visual inspection.

Methods: We applied the HVI technique to T1-weighted brain images from healthy control (n = 35), mTLE (n = 29), non-HS temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE, n = 44), and extratemporal focal epilepsy (EXTLE, n = 25) subjects imaged using a standardized epilepsy research imaging protocol and on non-standardized clinically acquired images from mTLE subjects (n = 40) to investigate if the technique is translatable to clinical practice. Performance of HVI, HV, and visual inspection was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Read More

Epilepsia 2019 06 30;60(6):1248-1254. Epub 2019 May 30.

Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Objectives: Neuroinflammation, implicated in epilepsy, can be imaged in humans with positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Previous studies in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis found increased [11C]PBR28 uptake ipsilateral to seizure foci. Neocortical foci present more difficult localization problems and more variable underlying pathology. Read More

Epilepsia 2019 06 21;60(6):1171-1183. Epub 2019 May 21.

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.

Objective: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) has reported seizure freedom rates between 36% and 78% with at least 1 year of follow-up. Unfortunately, the lack of robust methods capable of incorporating the inherent variability of patient anatomy, the variability of the ablated volumes, and clinical outcomes have limited three-dimensional quantitative analysis of surgical targeting and its impact on seizure outcomes. We therefore aimed to leverage a novel image-based methodology for normalizing surgical therapies across a large multicenter cohort to quantify the effects of surgical targeting on seizure outcomes in LITT for mTLE. Read More

Brain Imaging Behav 2019 May 17. Epub 2019 May 17.

Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Biomedical Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat,, Barcelona, Spain.

The human hippocampus is believed to be a crucial node in the neural network supporting autobiographical memory retrieval. Structural mesial temporal damage associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) provides an opportunity to systematically investigate and better understand the local and distal functional consequences of mesial temporal damage in the engagement of the autobiographical memory network. We examined 19 TLE patients (49. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 24;10:394. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), one of the most common types of refractory focal epilepsy, has shown white matter abnormalities both within and beyond the temporal lobe. In particular, the white matter abnormalities in the ipsilateral hemisphere are more obvious than those in the contralateral hemisphere in MTLE, that is, the abnormalities present asymmetrical characteristics. However, very few studies have characterized the white matter microstructure asymmetry in MTLE patients specifically. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Aug 3;128:e700-e708. Epub 2019 May 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Diagnostic methods of the epileptogenic area continue to be a challenge in epilepsy surgery research. We hypothesized that temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) will result in white matter changes that can be detected using diffusion tensor imaging. Measurement of white matter diffusivity will therefore be useful for presurgical assessment. Read More

Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2019 7;11:107-114. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON) are rare pathological lesions that can present anywhere in the central nervous system. Symptoms vary depending on the location, though they often include seizures, especially in intracranial and supratentorial lesions. A case of intracranial supratentorial CAPNON presenting with drug-resistant left temporal lobe epilepsy is reported. Read More

Epilepsy Curr 2019 Mar-Apr;19(2):101-102

Abnormal Temporal Lobe Morphology in Asymptomatic Relatives of Patients With Hippocampal Sclerosis: A Replication Study Yaakub SN, Barker GJ, Carr SJ, et al. Epilepsia. 2019;60(1):e1-e5. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019 05 4;40(5):798-801. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (M.S.P., H.L.P.O., A.Sharma).

In this retrospective case-control study, we investigated whether an image-processing algorithm designed to exaggerate the intensity of diseased hippocampi on FLAIR images can improve the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver reliability of radiologists in detecting mesial temporal sclerosis-related hippocampal signal alteration. Herein, we share the results of this study that showed that the image processing improved the confidence of radiologists in detecting mesial temporal sclerosis-related signal alteration, allowing an improved sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver reliability. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jun 15;126:e1121-e1129. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) presents an important new minimally invasive tool in the management of drug-resistant mesial temporal epilepsy (MTE). However, because of its relative novelty, not much is known about long-term seizure freedom rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postsurgical seizure outcome following LITT after a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. Read More