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Curr Med Imaging 2022 ;18(6):674-683

Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, China.

Background: The scapula is a small irregular-shaped flat bone, which may suffer from a variety of tumors or tumor-like lesions. As the imaging manifestations are complex and changeable, correct imaging diagnosis is difficult.

Introduction: At present, there are few related radiology literatures, and it is necessary to fully analyze the imaging signs of different types of benign and malignant tumors in scapula to guide clinical treatment. Read More

J Oral Pathol Med 2021 Jul 20;50(6):565-571. Epub 2021 Jun 20.

Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation and infiltration of histiocytic cells.

Methods: This review focused on the main aspects associated with LCH.

Results: LCH can involve single or multiple organs and systems, with bone and skin being the most commonly affected sites. Read More

Aust Dent J 2021 03 11;66 Suppl 1:S88-S92. Epub 2021 Jul 11.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease spectrum characterized by the intense infiltration/accumulation of Langerhans' cells in the affected tissues. Eosinophilic granuloma is the mildest form of LCH which mainly affects the skull, mandible, ribs and femur in children and young adults but rarely occurs in the maxilla. Here, we describe an unusual case of eosinophilic granuloma affecting the tissues adjacent to tooth #25 and tooth #46 (FDI numbering system) in a 35-year-old male. Read More

Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021 Jun;39(3):355-361

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Eosinophilic granuloma, a rare disease, has various clinical manifestations and no specific X-rays features and is thus easily misdiagnosed. This paper reports a case of multifocal eosinophilic granuloma of jaw with long-term follow-up. The patient initially presented with periodontal tissue destruction. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;65(1):93-97

Emergency Eye Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.

To describe the chronology and the extent of orbital involvement in a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Descriptive case report and literature review. A 45-year-old patient, formerly diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis due to otorhinolaryngologic manifestations, pulmonary lesions, renal impairment, left knee arthritis and high blood levels of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, addressed the Ophthalmology Department in November 2020, having the following complaints: left eye mild retro-orbital discomfort, proptosis and epiphora. Read More

Spine Deform 2021 05 5;9(3):823-831. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Servicio de Patología Espinal, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.

Study Design: Descriptive, retrospective. Scientific level of evidence IV.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate a consecutive case series of 50 pediatric patients with LCH of the spine. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020 Aug 24;21(1):575. Epub 2020 Aug 24.

Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 2 ZhongShan Rd, ChongQing, 400013, China.

Background: Acetabular roof lesions (ARLs) in children are uncommon and may involve a variety of diseases. The acetabular roof is the main weight-bearing area of the hip joint, and lesions affecting the acetabular roof lead to fluid accumulation in the hip joint, causing hip pain and claudication. Methods for diagnosing and treating ARLs and the prognosis after treatment are rarely reported. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2020 Nov/Dec;40(10):615-622

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiologic follow-up results of eosinophilic granulomas (EGs) of the axial and appendicular skeleton managed with biopsy alone.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with unifocal osseous EGs of the axial and appendicular skeleton were followed after biopsy. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of localization of the lesions. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 May 26;100(4):219-221. Epub 2019 Sep 26.

Department of Otolaryngology, 12291Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.

This is a case of a pediatric male who presented with a postauricular mass and pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Characteristic imaging findings and initial workup for Langerhans cell histiocytosis are described. Read More

Rev Med Interne 2020 Jan 29;41(1):50-53. Epub 2019 Aug 29.

Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France; Laboratoire d'anatomie, faculté de médecine de Rouen, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76000 Rouen, France; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), LIMICS UMR-1142, 76000 Rouen, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (HL) is a rare disease that can affect all tissues. Oral manifestations such as mucosal ulcer and tooth mobility are often the first signs of the disease. We report a rare case of mandibular condyle unifocal HL mimicking a temporomandibular joint disorder. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 May 5;12(5). Epub 2019 May 5.

Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a rare bony disease deriving from abnormal proliferation of histiocytes, and is the most common form of presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. EG predominantly affects the axial skeleton. However, when localised in the head and neck district, mandibular lesions account for the majority of cases. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 May 29;77(5):1022.e1-1022.e39. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Professor, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare. The aim of the present study was to summarize the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this tumor.

Materials And Methods: Nine cases of TGCT in the TMJ region were examined. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 05 13;125:301-311. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Orthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Objective: Spinal eosinophilic granulomas (EGs) are uncommon tumors, constituting <1% of all bone tumors. They are mostly seen in the pediatric age group, whereas adult onset is rare. The cervical spine is an infrequent location for EG. Read More

Cir Cir 2019 ;87(1):96-100

Delegación Baja California. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Baja California, México.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease in the adult, predominates in the pediatric age and is more common in men than in women. The sites of greater affection are the long bones, followed by the bones of the skull. Patients usually have symptoms related to the site of affection, usually polyostotic lesions, monostotic lesions occur less frequently. Read More

BMC Oral Health 2018 06 8;18(1):106. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: Bone necrosis of the jaw is a serious condition with a broad differential diagnosis of pathologies such as cutaneous histiocytosis, bone metastases or malignant tumours. In addition to the most common cause, medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), one must consider a number of other causes, such as histiocytosis. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a histiocytic disorder with a large spectrum of clinical manifestations and with possible involvement of a variety of organs. Read More

Neurol India 2018 May-Jun;66(3):866-868

Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Spec Care Dentist 2018 Mar 8;38(2):107-111. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a childhood pathology with a peak of incidence ranging from 1 to 4 years of age, though diagnosis is often made in adult age. LCH is clinically classified into three types: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease. We report a case of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease with diabetes insipidus, skull and maxillary involvement in a 16-year-old boy referred to our observation for gradual increase in mobility of the teeth and subsequent gradual loss of the second premolars and the first molars of the upper jaw. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(51):e9392

Department of Neurosurgery Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.

Rationale: Primary osteosarcomas of the skull and skull base are rare, comprising <2% of all skull tumors. Primary osteosarcomas of the skull are aggressive neoplasms composed of spindle cells producing osteoid which have poor outcome.

Patient Concerns: A 33-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a major complaint of a growing mass on her left frontal region of the skull for 10 months. Read More

J Dermatol 2018 Apr 15;45(4):491-495. Epub 2017 Dec 15.

Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Histiocytoses are a group of heterogeneous diseases that encompass Langerhans cell histiocytosis and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cutaneous plane xanthoma is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder characterized by the presence of yellow-orange plaques on the face, neck, upper trunk and extremities. It can appear in association with several systemic diseases (including dyslipidemias, paraproteinemias, cardiovascular diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders), but is rarely connected with Langerhans cell histiocytoses. Read More

Arkh Patol 2017;79(4):33-39

Academician B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia.

The paper describes a case of eosinophilic granuloma of the parietal bone in a 32-year-old man. Histological examination revealed a large number of bean-shaped Langerhans cell histiocytes with lobed nuclei and nuclear grooves. The histiocytes alternated with the foci of obvious eosinophilic infiltration and with eosinophilic microabscesses. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Aug 15;99:135-140. Epub 2017 Jun 15.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: Describe the presentation, imaging characteristics, management, and outcomes of pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the temporal bone.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed between 2000 and 2014 at a single tertiary care children's hospital. Fourteen patients were identified with a diagnosis of LCH and involvement of the temporal bone. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Jun;96(25):e7197

Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Rationale: Solitary eosinophilic granuloma (EG), the most benign, common form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, has a self-limiting process and is associated with a good prognosis. Immobilization is recommended as the first treatment strategy for solitary EG, although the treatment protocols are still controversial. Radiotherapy and surgery are secondary treatment choices. Read More

Cephalalgia 2018 04 10;38(4):794-797. Epub 2017 May 10.

1 Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital of University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.

Background Nummular headache is a rare, recently described topographic headache defined by the circumscribed coin-shaped area of pain. It is classified as a primary headache. There is debate about whether it is due to a peripheral or central disturbance, and its relationship to migraine. Read More

Eur Spine J 2017 05 30;26(Suppl 1):225-228. Epub 2017 Mar 30.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Purpose: The eosinophilic granuloma is a unifocal or multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by an expanding proliferation of Langerhans cells in bones. Skeletal LCH is a rare condition, and vertebral regeneration in cases of vertebral body collapse is even rarer. We report the case of a girl with spontaneous complete healing. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2017 Apr 28;33(4):583-593. Epub 2017 Feb 28.

Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.

Background: Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) of spine in pediatric patients presents kinds of clinical manifestation and a difficult management scenario. The choice of treatment, issues of surgical intervention versus conservative treatment, combination therapy or single treatment, all these factors, including neurological deficits, spinal stability, long-term complications, and continued skeletal growth, must be considered.

Methods: From 2008 to the 2015, 31 pediatric patients of spinal EG were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Brain Pathol 2017 05;27(3):377-395

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.

Xanthomatous lesions of the sellar region have traditionally been divided into two separate categories, xanthomatous hypophysitis (XH) and xanthogranuloma (XG) of the sellar region. The seminal article on XH, a condition typified by foamy histiocytes and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the pituitary gland/sellar region, but usually little or no hemosiderin pigment, detailed three patients. However, most reports since that time have been single cases, making understanding of the entity difficult. Read More

J Orthop Traumatol 2017 Jun 21;18(2):83-90. Epub 2016 Oct 21.

Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

This review summarizes current concepts in the diagnosis and management of the patients with eosinophilic granuloma. Given the benign biology, the clinical course, and the pediatric group of patients that this condition more commonly affects, a treatment approach that carries a lower risk of complications while ensuring a successful cure is desirable. Variable treatment options have been reported with satisfactory results and a recurrence rate of less than 20 %. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2017 Feb 7;26(2):252-256. Epub 2016 Oct 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri.

Spinal involvement occurs frequently in cases of eosinophilic granuloma (EG), but surgical treatment is limited primarily to those with spinal instability. Involvement of the cervical spine is rare, but primarily occurs in the vertebral bodies, and is normally amenable to anterior corpectomy and spinal reconstruction. The authors describe a 27-year-old man with pathologically proven EG who presented with complete destruction of the C-1 lateral mass requiring spinal stabilization. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2016 Dec 20;133(6):443-444. Epub 2016 Sep 20.

Service d'otologie et d'oto-neurotologie, hospices civils de Lyon, service d'otologie et d'oto-neurotologie, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France. Electronic address:

Pediatr Neurosurg 2017 6;52(1):41-45. Epub 2016 Sep 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Intracranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis commonly presents as skull lesions in children. An intratumoral cyst with fluid level and epidural hematoma occurring with eosinophilic granuloma is very rare. We report a 15-year-old boy who presented with a spontaneous epidural hematoma which was the result of a temporal eosinophilic granuloma. Read More